Operations of Functions

• Review: Evaluation of
Function.
1.f(x) = x – 5, evaluate each.
a. f(5)
b.f(-5)
c. f(a + b)
• Perform the indicated operations.
1.(4x + 3) + (3x -2)
2.(2x2 – 3x – 2) – (4x2 + 5x + 3)
3.(2x – 3)(x + 4)
• Solution:

1. 4x + 3x + 3 – 2

= 7x + 1
2. 2x – 4x + 5x – 3x + 3 – 2
2 2

= -2x + 2x + 1
2
• Solution:

3. 2x 2 + 8x -3x – 12

= 2x2 + 5x -12
Addition and Subtraction of
Polynomials
• Rule:
To add two polynomials, write
the sum and simplify by combining
like terms.
To subtract an expression from
another expression, add its negative.
ex. a – b = a + (-b)
• Example: add 3x + 4 and 7x – 8
(3x + 4) + (7x – 8)
= (3 + 7)x + (4 – 8)
= 10x + (-4)
= 10x - 4
• Ex. subtract 7x + 2 from 5x + 4
(5x + 4) – (7x + 2)
= (5x + 4) + (-7x – 2)
=(5x – 7x) + (4 – 2)
= -2x + 2 Or
5x + 4
(-) 7x + 2
-2x + 2
 Multiplication of Polynomials
• Laws of Exponents:
1. Product Rule of Exponents:
xm · xn = xm+n
To multiply powers having the
same base, keep the base and add
the exponents.
• Example:

1. x (xy )
4 2 =
xy
5 2

2. 5x (2xy ) = 10x y
2 2 3 2

3. J O E (J E Y ) = J O E Y
3 4 5 2 3 4 5 4 8 4
2.Power Rule for Exponents:
(x ) = x
m n mn

To find the power of a

power of a base, keep the
base and multiply the
exponents.
• EXAMPLE:

1. (x )
2 3 = x6

2. (xy ) = x y
3 2 2 6

3. (2x y ) = 4x y
2 3 2 4 6
3. Power of a Product Rule:
(xy)n = xnyn
To find the power of a product,
find the power of each factor
and then multiply the resulting
powers.
• Example:
1. (m3)2m7 = m3.2.m7
= m .m
6 7

=m 6 + 7

= m13
• To multiply a polynomial by a
monomial, multiply each term
of the polynomial by the
monomial.
Ex. 5x(x + 4) = 5x(x) + 5x(4)
= 5x + 20x
2
• FOIL Method (First, Out, In, Last)
F L
Ex. (a + b) (c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd
I
O

(x + 3)(x + 5) = + 5x + 3x + 15
x 2

= x + 8x + 15
2
 Special products
• The square of a binomial is the
square of the first term plus (or
minus) twice the product of the
two terms plus the square of the
last term.
ex. (a + 7)2 = a2 + 14a + 49
•Cube of a Binomial
(x + y) 3 = x3 + 3x y
2 + 3xy 2 + y 3

Cube of the 1st term plus thrice the

product of square of the 1 term and
st

second term plus thrice the product

of 1st term and square of the second
term plus cube of the second term.
 • Product of Sum and
Difference.
example
(x + y)(x – y) = –
x 2 y2

(4t + 9)(4t – 9) = 16t - 81

2
 Division of Monomials
• Rules of division for exponents
For every positive integer m and n, and x ≠ 0
x m
=x m-n , when m > n
xn
= 1
x , when m < n
m-n

= 1 when m = n
• Example:
1. x5
= x5-2
x2
= x3
x5 = 1
x2 1 x5
= 5-2
x 5
x
1
= 3
x
 Sum, Difference, Product and
Quotient of Functions
• Let f and g be any two function
1. Sum: (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
2. Difference : (f –g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
3. Product : (fg)(x) = f(x) · g(x)
4. Quotient : f/g(x) = f(x)/g(x), where g(x) ≠ 0
Example:
If f(x) = 3x – 2 and g(x) = x2 + 2x -3
find:
1.(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
= (3x – 2) + (x + 2x -3)
2

= x + 3x + 2x – 3 – 2)
2

= x 2 + 5x -5
• Board work

1.If f(x) = 5x + 4 and g(x) = x 2 +5

Find: a. (f + g)(x)

2. If f(x) = 3x
+ 2 and g(x) =
2 4x 2 +3
Find: b. (f + g)(x)
Example:
If f(x) = 3x – 2 and g(x) = x2 + 2x -3
find:
2. (f –g)(x) = (3x – 2) – (x2 + 2x – 3)
= 3x – 2 – x2 -2x + 3

= -x 2+ 3x – 2x + 3 - 2
= -x2 + x + 1
• Board work

1.If f(x) = 5x + 4 and g(x) = x 2 +5

Find: a. (f - g)(x)

2. If f(x) = 3x
+ 2 and g(x) =
2 4x 2 +3
Find: b. (f + g)(x)
3. (fg)(x) = (3x – 2)(x
+ 2x – 3)
2

= 3x(x + 2x – 3) -2(x + 2x – 3)
2 2

= 3x3 + 6x2 -9x -2x2 -4x +6

= 3x + 6x – 2x – 9x – 4x + 6
3 2 2

= 3x3 + 4x2 - 13x + 6

• Board work

1.If f(x) = 5x + 4 and g(x) = x 2 +5

Find: a. (fg)(x)

2. If f(x) = 3x
+ 2 and g(x) =
2 4x 2 +3
Find: b. (fg)(x)
4. (f/g)(x) = (3x – 2)/(x 2 + 2x – 3)
= 3x – 2 .
(x +3)(x – 1)
 The composition of Function
• (f ◦ g)(x) = f(g(x))
The domain of the composition
function f ◦ g is the set of all x such
that:
1. x is the domain of g
2. g(x) is the domain of f.
• Example:
f(x) = 4x – 5 and g(x) = x2 + 4
1. (f ◦ g)(x) Given equation for f.
= 4(x2 + 4) – 5 Replace x by g(x)
= 4x + 16 – 5
2 Replace g(x) by x 2+4

Apply distribution law

= 4x + 11
2
Combine like terms
• Example:
g(x) = x2 + 4
1. (g ◦ f)(x) = (f(x))2 + 4)
= (4x - 5)2 + 4
Given equation for g
= 16x – 40x + 25 + 4
2
Replace x by f(x)
= 16x2 – 40x + 29 Replace f(x) by 4x - 5
Square the binomial
Simplify