Turbulence Prof. E.G.

Tulapurkara
Chapter-3

Exercises

Exercises
3.1. The continuity and momentum equations, in usual notations, for a compressible
flow are given as:
p 
+ (ρUj ) = 0 (p.3.1)
 t  xj
  p 
t
(ρUj )+
 xj
(ρUi U j ) = - +
 xi  x j
 ij  (p.3.2)

2  Uk  U  Uj
Where,  ij = -
μδij +μ( i + )
3  xk  x j  xi
Obtain (a) Equation of continuity with conventional and mass-weighted averages.
Discuss the two equations.
(b) Show that the momentum equation for the X-component, in steady incompressible
flow is:

U U U 1 p   u'2  u' v '  u' w ' 

U +V +W =- +  2 U -  + +  (p.3.3)
x y z ρ x   x y  z 
(c) Consider a two-dimensional thin shear flow and show that Eq.(p.3.3) becomes:

U U 1 dp    U ' ' 
U +V +=- +  - uv  (p.3.4)
x y ρ dx  y   y 
State the assumptions made.
3.2 The continuity and momentum equations for thin shear flow in turbulent case are:
U  V
+ =0 (p.3.5)
x y
U U Ue   U ' ' 
U +V = Ue +  - uv  (p.3.6)
x y x y  y 
Obtain the momentum integral equation for this flow.

3.3 The equation for turbulent kinetic energy is given below. Identify the convection,
diffusion, production and dissipation terms.

k  Ui  ul'  ul'  1 ' ' ' v  p' 

Um = - ui' um' -v -  um ui ui - ui' ui' + ui' δim  (p.3.7)
 xm  xm  xm  xm  xm 2 2  xm ρ 

Dept. of Aerospace Engg., Indian Institute of Technology, Madras 1

Turbulence Prof. E.G. Tulapurkara
Chapter-3

1
3.4. The quantity H is expressed as CpT+ (U2 + V 2 + W 2 ) .Using Reynolds
2
decomposition viz.
ui' ui' u' u'
T = T +θ, U = U+u' etc, show that, H' = Cpθ' +ui' Ui +( ) - ( i i ). (p.3.8)
2 2

Dept. of Aerospace Engg., Indian Institute of Technology, Madras 2