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INCOLOY® alloy 925 (UNS N09925) is an age- Physical Properties

hardenable nickel-iron-chromium alloy with additions
of molybdenum, copper, titanium and aluminum. The
alloy’s chemical composition, listed in Table 1, is
designed to provide a combination of high strength and
excellent corrosion resistance. The nickel content is
sufficient for protection against chloride-ion stress-
corrosion cracking. The nickel, in conjunction with the
molybdenum and copper, also gives outstanding
resistance to reducing chemicals. The molybdenum aids
resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. The alloy’s
chromium content provides resistance to oxidizing
Some physical constants of INCOLOY alloy 925 are
given in Table 2. They are room-temperature values
except for the melting range. Table 3 provides physical
property data for INCOLOY alloy 925 at elevated
temperatures. Coefficient of expansion and specific heat
data over a range of temperatures are in Table 4.
Elevated temperature thermophysical properties are given
in Table 5.

INCOLOY alloy 925

environments. The titanium and aluminum additions
cause a strengthening reaction during heat treatment.
INCOLOY alloy 925 is used in various
applications requiring a combination of high strength
and corrosion resistance. Because of the alloy’s
resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress-corrosion
cracking in “sour” (H2S containing) crude oil and
natural gas, it is used for down-hole and surface gas-
well components including tubular products, valves,
hangers, landing nipples, tool joints and packers. The
alloy is also useful for fasteners, marine and pump
shafting and high-strength piping systems.
Table 1 - Limiting Chemical Composition (UNS N09925) of
INCOLOY alloy 925, %
Table 2 - Physical Properties of INCOLOY alloy 925
Density,lb/in3 .....................................................................0.292
g/cm3 ......................................................................8.08
Melting Range, F......................................................2392-2490
C......................................................1311-1366
Electrical Resistivity, ohm cmil/ft..........................................701
µΩ m ..................................................1.17
Permeability at 200 oersteds (15.9 kA/m) .........................1.001
Table 3 - Elevated Temperature Dynamic Young s Modulus
and Shear Modulus Values for INCOLOY alloy 925
(hot rolled round, solution-annealed and aged)
Young s
Temperature Shear Modulus Poisson

®
Modulus
s Ratio
Nickel...........................................................................42.0-46.0
F C 103 ksi GPa 103 ksi G P a
Chromium ....................................................................19.5-22.5 70 21 28.9 199 11.2 77 0.293
Iron...................................................................................22 min 100 38 28.8 199 11.1 76 0.299
Molybdenum ....................................................................2.5-3.5 200 93 28.3 195 10.8 75 0.308
Copper.............................................................................1.5-3.0 300 149 27.8 192 10.6 73 0.316
Ti
tanium ...........................................................................1.9-2.4 400 204 27.3 188 10.4 72 0.315
Aluminum.........................................................................0.1-0.5 500 260 26.8 185 10.2 70 0.317
Manganese ...................................................................1.0 max. 600 316 26.3 182 10.0 69 0.319
Silicon ...........................................................................0.5 max. 700 371 25.9 178 9.8 68 0.319
Niobium.........................................................................0.5 max. 800 427 25.4 175 9.6 66 0.323
Carbon ........................................................................0.03 max. 900 482 24.9 172 9.4 65 0.323
Sulfur ..........................................................................0.03 max. 1000 538 24.4 168 9.2 64 0.324
1100 593 23.8 164 9.0 62 0.326
1200 649 23.2 160 8.7 60 0.330
1300 704 22.5 155 8.4 58 0.334
1400 760 21.8 150 8.2 56 0.338
1500 816 21.0 145 7.9 54 0.335
1600 871 20.1 139 7.6 52 0.330
1700 927 19.2 132 7.2 50 0.326
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

Table 4 -Thermal Properties of INCOLOY alloy 925

Mechanical Properties
Coefficient of
Temperature
Expansiona
Specific Heat Mechanical properties at room temperature of solution-
-6
annealed and solution-annealed plus aged products are given
F 10 in/in F Btu/lb F
in Table 6. Mechanical properties limits for specification
70 - 0.104 purposes are shown in Table 7 (Special Metals Corporation
200 7.8 0.109 internal specification HA 46).
400 8.1 0.116 As shown in Figure 1, INCOLOY alloy 925 retains a
600 8.4 0.122 substantial portion of its strength at temperatures up to about
800 8.5 0.129 1200°F (650°C).
1000 8.7 0.136
Figure 2 shows rotating beam fatigue data for
INCOLOY alloy 925 and MONEL alloy K-500.
1200 9.0 0.143
Figure 3 shows mean axial stress vs. cycles of fatigue in
1400 9.5 0.150
the 1365°F (740°C) dual aged condition. The compression
1600 - 0.157 test result, at room temperature, for a solution-annealed and
Coefficient of aged bar was 122.7 ksi (846 MPa) and the yield strength
Temperature Specific Heat
Expansiona tension test result was 123.5 ksi (851 MPa)
C µm/m C J/kg C
20 - 435
100 13.2 456 Temperature, C
200 14.2 486 0 200 400 600 800
180
300 14.7 507 1200
400 15.0 532
500 15.3 561 160 1100
Tensile Strength
600 15.7 586 1000
700 16.3 611 140

800 17.2 641 900

900 - 666
Stress, ksi

120
Yield Strength 800
a (0.2% Offset)
Expansion testing in accordance with ASTM E228.

Stress, MPa
Reference temperature = 77 F (25 C). 100 700

600
80
Elongation, %

Table 5 - Elevated Temperature Thermophysical Properties of

INCOLOY alloy 925 (hot rolled round, solution-annealed and aged) 500

60
400
Temperature Thermal Conductivity
C F W/m C BTU in/ft2 h F 300
40
23 73 12.0 83.1
Elongation 200
100 212 12.9 89.2
20
200 392 14.3 99.2 100
300 572 15.9 110.0
0
400 752 17.4 120.9 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Temperature, F
500 932 19.3 133.8
600 1112 22.2 153.7 Figure 1. Tensile properties at high temperatures of solution-
700 1292 24.0 166.7 annealed and aged INCOLOY alloy 925.
800 1472 28.2 195.8
900 1652 27.7 192.3
1000 1832 24.6 170.7
1100 2012 26.0 180.2
1150 2102 26.9 186.8

2
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

Table 6 -Tensile Properties of INCOLOY alloy 925

Tensile Strength Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) Elongation Hardness*

Form/Condition
ksi MPa ksi MPa % Rockwell
Round/Solution-Annealed 99.3 685 39.3 271 56 76 B
Round/Solution-Annealed
167.3 1154 120.6 832 27 32 C
and Aged
Cold Drawn Tubing/Solution-
172.5 1189 120.4 830 27 35 C
Annealed and Aged

*All values meet the requirements of NACE Standard MR0175.

Table 7 - Mechanical Property Limits for INCOLOY alloy 925, Solution-Annealed and Aged Material (SMC internal specification HA 46)

Tensile Yield Strength Elongation in 2 Reduction of Impact

Hardness2
Diameter Strength (0.2% offset) in (50.8 mm) or Area Strength1
Condition min. average Rockwell C
minimum minimum 4D min. minimum
in m m ksi MPa ksi MPa % % ftlbf kgf m min. max.
5/8 15.9
Cold Worked 140 965 105 724 18 25 35 4.85 26 38
to 3.0 to 76.2
1 25.4
Hot Worked 140 965 110 758 18 25 35 4.85 26 38
to 10 to 254
1
Charpy V-Notch - Impact tests performed at -75 F (-60 C), in accordance with ASTM E23. Capability of meeting the strengths shown at room temperature is
guaranteed.
2
Hardness testing in accordance with A S T M E 18.

80 120 800
500
100 700
Air

Mean Stress, MPa

Mean Stress, ksi

60 600
Stress, MPa

400
Stress, ksi

80 Seawater
INCOLOY alloy 925
500
300 60
40 400

40 300
M O N E L alloy K-500 200

20 20 200
105 106 107 108 109 106 107
Cycles to Failure Cycles to Failure

Figure 2. Rotating beam fatigue data for INCOLOY alloy 925 and Figure 3. Mean axial stress vs. cycles of fatigue for INCOLOY alloy
M O N E L alloy K-500. 925 in the 1365 F (740 C) dual aged condition. Tension-tension
test.

3
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

Metallurgy Corrosion Resistance

INCOLOY alloy 925 is an austenitic nickel-iron-chromium INCOLOY alloy 925 has a high level of corrosion
alloy made precipitation hardenable by additions of titanium resistance. In both reducing and oxidizing environments, the
and aluminum. The precipitation-hardening (age- alloy resists general corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion,
hardening) heat treatment causes precipitation of gamma intergranular corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking. Some
prime phase, Ni3 (Al, Ti). The phase greatly increases both environments in which INCOLOY alloy 925 is particularly
the hardness and strength of the alloy. useful are “sour” (H2S containing) crude oil and natural gas,
Exposure to elevated temperatures also causes sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and seawater.
formation of other phases, including eta and sigma. Figure 4 The performance of INCOLOY alloy 925 under
is a time-temperature-transformation diagram, and Figure 5 conditions representing sour gas wells is indicated in Figure
shows effects of the phases on impact strength of the 6 and Tables 8, 9 and 10. Figure 6 shows resistance to stress-
solution-annealed plus aged alloy. corrosion cracking in a sour environment at high pressure
and temperature. Table 8 shows that the alloy resists sulfide
stress cracking, a form of hydrogen embrittlement. The tests
2000 involve exposure of stressed C-ring specimens (made from a
1050
1900 portion of tubing cross section) to a solution containing
1000
1800 hydrogen sulfide, sodium chloride and acetic acid.
950
Exposure Temperature, C
Exposure Temperature, F

1700
MC 900
1600 Eta
850
1500 Sigma
800
Test Stress, MPa
1400 Gamma 750
Prime 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
550
1300 700 275
1200 M 7C 3 - M23C 6 650 Alloy C-276
500
250
1100 600

Temperature at Cracking, C
Temperature at Cracking, F

INCONEL alloy 725

550 450
1000 225
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Exposure Time, h 400
200
Alloy G-3
Figure 4. Time-temperature-transformation diagram for initially 350 INCOLOY alloy 925 175
solution-annealed INCOLOY alloy 925 material.
INCOLOY alloy 825 150
300

1900 250 125

1000 100
100 ftlbf 40 ftlbf 200
1800 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
(136 J) (54 J)
20 ftlbf Test Stress, ksi
75 ftlbf (27 J) 950
>100 ftlbf (102 J)
1700
(>136 J) Figure 6. Results of autoclave C-ring tests in a solution of distilled
900 water containing 25% sodium chloride, 0.5% acetic acid and 1 g/l
sulfur with pressure of 120 psi (827 kPa) hydrogen sulfide. Test
Exposure Temperature, C
Exposure Temperature, F

1600 10 ftlbf
(14 J)
stresses were 100% of yield strength (0.2% offset).
850

1500
800

1400
750

1300 700

1200 650

600
1100
0.1 1 10 100
Exposure Time, h

Figure 5. Effect of high-temperature exposure on impact strength

of solution-annealed INCOLOY alloy 925 material. Base impact
strength was 236 ft lbf (320 J).

4
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

Table 8 - C-Ring Tests in NACE Solutiona

Yield Strength Sulfide

Hardness Duration
Alloy Material Condition Simulated Well Age (0.2% Offset) Stress
ksi MPa Rockwell C Days Cracking
INCONEL alloy 625 Cold Worked None 125.0 862 30.5 42 No
Cold Worked None 160.0 1103 37.5 10 Yes
Cold Worked None 176.0 1214 41 6 Yes
INCONEL alloy 718 Age Hardened None 120.0 827 30 42 No
Age Hardened None 130.0 896 37 42 No
Age Hardened None 134.0 924 38.5 42 No
Age Hardened None 139.0 958 38 42 No
Age Hardened None 156.0 1076 41 60 No
INCONEL alloy 725 Cold Worked None 90.0 621 25 30 No
Age Hardened None 117.6 811 37 30 No
Age Hardened None 128.6 887 40 30 No
Age Hardened 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 130.8 902 41.5 30 No
Age Hardened None 132.9 916 36 42 No
Age Hardened None 133.0 917 39 30 No
CW & Aged None 137.8 950 39 42 No
INCOLOY alloy 825 Cold Worked None 138.0 952 30 42 No
Cold Worked None 147.0 1014 33 42 No
INCOLOY alloy 925 Age Hardened None 114.0 786 38 42 No
Cold Worked None 139.0 958 35.5 42 No
CW & Aged None 176.0 1214 43.5 42 No
CW & Aged None 186.0 1282 46 42 No
Age Hardened 500 F (260 C)/500 h 113.5 783 38 42 No
Cold Worked 500 F (260 C)/500 h 139.5 962 35.5 42 No
CW & Aged 500 F (260 C)/500 h 176.0 1214 43.5 42 No
CW & Aged 500 F (260 C)/500 h 180.0 1214 44 42 No
CW & Aged 500 F (260 C)/500 h 185.5 1279 46 42 No
Alloy G-3 Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 119.4 823 26 43 No
Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 132.3 912 30 43 No
Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 135.3 933 31 43 No
Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 136.9 944 - 30 No, Nob
Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 137.7 949 - 30 No, Nob
Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 181.7 1253 - 30 No, Yesb
Alloy C-276 Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 126.6 873 32 43 No
Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 155.1 1069 38 43 No
Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 166.8 1150 35 43 No
Cold Worked 600 F (315 C)/1000 h 188.7 1301 43 43 No
a
Room-temperature tests at 100% of yield strength in 5% NaCl plus 0.5% acetic acid saturated with H2S. All specimens were couple to carbon steel.
b
Duplicate test specimens.

5
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

Table 9 reviews data on stress-corrosion cracking in sour corrosion rates in sour environments. The results in Table 10
environments, some of which contain elemental sulfur, at are for sour environments containing elemental sulfur,
high temperatures and pressures. Table 10 shows general which increases the severity of the conditions.

Table 9 - Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Testsa in High-Temperature Sour Environments

Yield Strength (0.2% offset) Hardness Duration Stress

Alloy Material Condition Test Mediab Corrosion
ksi MPa Rockwell C Days Cracking
INCONEL alloy 625 Cold Worked 128.0 883 37 A 15 No
Cold Worked 177.1 1221 41 A 15 No
Cold Worked 128.0 883 37 B 15 No
Cold Worked 177.1 1221 41 B 15 No
Cold Worked 125.0 862 30.5 C 42 No
Cold Worked 160.0 1103 37.5 C 42 No
Cold Worked 176.0 1214 41 C 42 No
INCONEL alloy 718 Age Hardened 120.0 827 30 C 42 No
Age Hardened 134.0 924 38.5 C 42 No
Cold Worked 197.0 1358 37.5 C 20 Yes
INCOLOY alloy 825 Cold Worked 131.0 903 30 A 15 Yes
Cold Worked 138.0 952 30 C 42 No
Cold Worked 147.0 1014 33 C 42 No
INCOLOY alloy 925 CW & Aged 166.0 1145 40.5 A 15 Yes
Age Hardened 113.5 783 38 B 15 Yes
CW & Aged 185.5 1279 46 B 15 Yes
Age Hardened 114.0 786 38 C 42 No
Cold Worked 139.0 958 35.5 C 42 No
CW & Aged 176.0 1214 43.5 C 42 No
CW & Aged 185.5 1279 46 C 42 No
Alloy G-3 Cold Worked 133.5 920 33 D 60 No
Cold Worked 133.5 920 33 D 120 No
Cold Worked 137.5 948 30 D 90 Yes
Cold Worked 137.5 948 30 D 120 No
Cold Worked 183.3 1264 38 D 120 No
Cold Worked 133.5 920 33 E 60 No
Cold Worked 133.5 920 33 E 120 No
Cold Worked 137.5 948 30 E 120 No
Cold Worked 183.3 1264 38 E 120 No
Alloy C-276 Cold Worked 194.7 1342 43.5 A 15 No
Cold Worked 194.7 1342 43.5 B 15 No
a
Autoclave tests on C-ring specimens stressed at 100% of yield strength.
b
Test Media:
A = 15% NaCl plus 200 psi (1380 kPa) H2S plus 100 psi (690 kPa) CO2 plus 1 g/l of sulfur at 450 F (232 C).
B = 25% NaCl plus 200 psi (1380 kPa) H2S plus 100 psi (690 kPa) CO2 plus 1 g/l of sulfur at 400 F (204 C).
C = 15% NaCl saturated with H2S plus 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) gas phase of 1% H2S, 50% CO2, 49% N2 at 500 F (260 C).
D = 25% NaCl plus 100 psi (690 kPa) H2S plus 200 psi (1380 kPa) CO2 at 400 F (204 C).
E = Same as D but at 425 F (218 C).

6
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

Table 10 - Corrosion Testsa of INCOLOY alloy 925 Crevice Corrosion

in Free-Sulfur Environments
Crevice corrosion tests in a solution of 3.5% sodium
Corrosion Rate chloride at 77°F (25°C) for 1000 h resulted in no crevice
Alloy Test Mediab
mpy mm/a attack and a corrosion rate of less than 1 mpy (0.03 mm/a).
Alloy C-276 A 0.2 0.005
Fluorocarbon washers bolted to strip specimens had twenty
crevices each, or forty crevices per specimen.
B 0.1 0.003
INCONEL alloy 625 A 0.7 0.018
B 0.2 0.005
W orking Instructions
INCOLOY alloy 925 A 1.1 0.028
B 1.2 0.030 Hot & Cold Forming
INCOLOY alloy 825 A 1.1 0.028
B 1.6 0.041 The hot working range for the alloy is 1600 to 2150°F (870
AISI Type 316 A 3.9 0.099 to 1175°C). At temperatures up to 2000°F (1095°C),
B 4.5 0.114 INCOLOY alloy 925 has hot-working characteristics similar
to those of INCOLOY alloy 825. For maximum corrosion
a
Autoclave tests of 15-day duration on unstressed coupons. resistance and highest strength after direct aging, final hot
b
working should be done in the 1600 to 1800°F (870 to
Solution A: 15% NaCl plus 200 psi (1380 kPa) H2S plus 100 psi (690 kPa)
980°C) range.
C O2 plus 1 g/l of sulfur at 450 F (232 C).
Solution B: 25% NaCl plus 200 psi (1380 kPa) H2S plus 100 psi (690 kPa) The cold-forming behavior of INCOLOY alloy 925 is
similar to that of INCOLOY alloy 825 except that alloy 925
has a higher work-hardening rate.
Information on fabricating is available in the Special
Metals publication “Fabricating” on the website,
The resistance of solution-annealed and aged INCOLOY
www.specialmetals.com.
alloy 925 to various acids is shown in Table 11. The tests
were conducted according to Manual No. 3, “Guideline
Information on Newer Wrought Iron- and Nickel-Base
Corrosion-Resistant Alloys,” of the Materials Technology
Joining
Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, Inc. INCOLOY alloy 725 welding products, designated INCO-
WELD® filler metal 725NDUR®, are recommended for
welding INCOLOY alloy 925. INCO-WELD filler metal
Table 11 - Corrosion rates for INCOLOY alloy 925 725NDUR provides higher strength and better corrosion
solution-annealed and aged 0.125 in sheet, resistance than the alloy 925 composition welding wire.
evaluated in acid environments for varied exposure time and Gas-tungsten-arc welding (GTAW) and gas-metal-arc
temperatures as per MTI Manual No.3 procedures welding (GMAW) are the preferred methods for welding
with INCONEL alloy 725 welding products. When GMAW
Corrosion Rate
Temperature is used, current levels should not exceed 180 amps for
Environment 0-192 h standard GMAW power sources in the “spray arc” metal
C F mpy mm/a transfer mode. Submerged-arc welding (SAW) and shielded-
metal-arc welding (SMAW) are not recommended.
0.2% HCl Boiling Boiling <0.1 <0.01
Selected data for welding INCOLOY alloy 925 with
1% HCl 70 158 11 0.28
INCO-WELD filler metal 725NDUR are contained in Table
10% H2S O4 70 128 2 0.05 12 and Figures 7 to 12.
85% H2P O4 Boiling Boiling 47 1.19 Information on joining is available in the Special
90 194 <1 <0.03 Metals publication “Joining” on the website,
80% CH3C O2H Boiling Boiling <0.1 <0.01 www.specialmetals.com.

7
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

Table 12 - Weld Impact Properties at Room Temperature for INCOLOY alloy 925, Welded with INCO-WELD Filler Metal 725NDUR

Charpy V-Notch Impact Strength Charpy V-Notch Impact Strength

Heat Treat Condition
W elding Process Average Exposed at 1000 F (538 C) for 1000 h
Pre-Weld Post-Weld ft/lbf J ft/lbf J
Anneal Age GTAW 19 26 16.5 22
Anneal Anneal+ Age GTAW 42 57 37.5 51
Age Age GTAW 19 26 11.5 16
Anneal Age GMAW 20 27 15 20
Anneal Anneal + Age GMAW 35 47 28.5 39
Age Age GMAW 20 27 15 20

Anneal = 1900 F (1040 C)/1 h/AC

Age = 1365 F (740 C)/6-9 h/FC to 1150 F (621 C) –15 F (8 C) for a total aging time of 18 h.

Test Temperature, C Test Temperature, C

200 38 93 149 204 260 316 371 427 482 538 200 38 93 149 204 260 316 371 427 482 538
(1379) (1379)
Ultimate Tensile Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength
160 160
(1103) (1103)
Stress, ksi (MPa)

Stress, ksi (MPa)

Yield Strength
120 120
(827) Yield Strength (827)
100 100
Percentage

Percentage
80 80 80 80
(552) (552)
Reduction of Area 60 60
40 40 40 40
(276) (276) Reduction of Area
20 20
Elongation Elongation
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Test Temperature, F Test Temperature, F

Figure 7. INCOLOY alloy 925 GTA weld data. Pre-weld treatment: Figure 8. INCOLOY alloy 925 GTA weld data. Pre-weld treatment:
anneal. Post-weld treatment: anneal plus age. anneal. Post-weld treatment: age.
Note: Anneal = 1900 F (1040 C)/1 h/AC. Age = 1365 F (740 C)/6-9 h/FC to Note: Anneal = 1900°F (1040°C)/1 h/AC. Age = 1365°F (740°C)/6-9 h/FC to
1150 F (621 C) –15 F (8 C) for a total aging time of 18 h. 1150°F (621°C) ±15°F (8°C) for a total aging time of 18 h.

Test Temperature, C Test Temperature, C

200 38 93 149 204 260 316 371 427 482 538 200 38 93 149 204 260 316 371 427 482 538
(1379) (1379)
Ultimate Tensile Strength 160
160 Ultimate Tensile Strength
(1103) (1103)
Stress, ksi (MPa)
Stress, ksi (MPa)

120 Yield Strength 120

(827) (827)
100 100
Yield Strength
Percentage
Percentage

80 80 80
80
(552) (552)
60 60
40 Reduction of Area 40 Reduction of Area 40
40
(276) (276)
20 20
Elongation
Elongation 0
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Test Temperature, F Test Temperature, F

Figure 9. INCOLOY alloy 925 GTA weld data. Pre-weld treatment: Figure 10. INCOLOY alloy 925 GMA weld data. Pre-weld
age. Post-weld treatment: age. treatment: anneal. Post-weld treatment: anneal plus age.
Note: Anneal = 1900 F (1040 C)/1 h/AC. Age = 1365 F (740 C)/6-9 h/FC to Note: Anneal = 1900 F (1040 C)/1 h/AC. Age = 1365 F (740 C)/6-9 h/FC to
1150 F (621 C) –15 F (8 C) for a total aging time of 18 h. 1150 F (621 C) –15 F (8 C) for a total aging time of 18 h.

8
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

Test Temperature, C Test Temperature, C

200 38 93 149 204 260 316 371 427 482 538 200 38 93 149 204 260 316 371 427 482 538
(1379) (1379)

160 Ultimate Tensile Strength 160 Ultimate Tensile

(1103) (1103) Strength
Stress, ksi (MPa)

Stress, ksi (MPa)

Yield Strength
120 120
(827) (827) Yield Strength
100 100

Percentage

Percentage
80 80 80 80
(552) (552)
60 60
40 40 40 40
(276) Reduction of Area (276) Reduction of Area
20 20
Elongation Elongation
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Test Temperature, F Test Temperature, F

Figure 11. INCOLOY alloy 925 GMA weld data. Pre-weld Figure 12. INCOLOY alloy 925 GMA weld data. Pre-weld
treatment: anneal. Post-weld treatment: age. treatment: age. Post-weld treatment: age.
Note: Anneal = 1900 F (1040 C)/1 h/AC. Age = 1365 F (740 C)/6-9 h/FC to Note: Anneal = 1900 F (1040 C)/1 h/AC. Age = 1365 F (740 C)/6-9 h/FC to
1150 F (621 C) –15 F (8 C) for a total aging time of 18 h. 1150 F (621 C) –15 F (8 C) for a total aging time of 18 h.

Machining Drilling
INCOLOY alloy 925 is an age hardenable alloy with good Steady feed rates minimize excessive work hardening during
machinability in the solution-annealed or aged conditions. drilling. Heavy-duty, high speed drills with a heavy web are
Rigid tools with positive rake angles and techniques that recommended. For twist drilling, recommended surface
minimize work hardening of the material are required. speeds are 20-30 ft/min (6-9 m/min) for the solution-
Cemented carbide tools produce the highest cutting rates and annealed condition and 8-10 ft/min (2.4-3.0 m/min) for the
are recommended for most turning operations involving aged condition. Feed rates range from 0.005 in/rev (0.13
uninterrupted cuts. High speed steel tools may be used for mm/rev) to 0.015 in/rev (0.4 mm/rev) depending on the drill
interrupted cuts, finishing to close tolerances, finishing with size. For gun drills [sizes from 1/16 in (1.6 mm) to 2 in (50
the smoothest surfaces, and cutting with the least amount of mm)], a feed rate of 0.0001-0.003 in/rev (0.0025-0.08
work hardening. Best results are obtained by rough mm/rev) is recommended for both the solution-annealed and
machining before age hardening and finishing after heat aged conditions. The surface speed should be kept at about
treatment. Table 13 lists the machining data for INCOLOY 220 ft/min (67 m/min) for solution-annealed material and 60
alloy 925. ft/min (18 m/min) for material in the aged condition.
Information on machining is available in the Special
Metals publication “Machining” on the website Table 13 - Machining data for INCOLOY alloy 925 Tool Material
www.specialmetals.com.
Annealed Aged

App. hardness range (Rockwell) 80Rb 40Rc

Chip Control Depth of cut in 0.250 0.050
When machining INCOLOY alloy 925, it is important to m m 6.4 1.3
obtain good full turn chips. High speed steel tools require High speed steel
chip curlers or lipped tools. The lip should be wider and Surface speed ft/min 40-50 15-20
deeper for material in the solution-annealed condition. m/min 12-15 4-6
Typical dimensions, for chip breakers operating at 0.010 Feed in/rev 0.030 0.008
in/min (0.25 mm/min), are 0.020 in (0.5 mm) deep and 0.080 mm/rev 0.8 0.2
in (2 mm) wide. Tool material T-5 M-36
Carbide
Surface speed - Brazed tool
ft/min 175-225 40-50
m/min 53-69 12-15
Surface speed - Throw away
ft/min 200/250 50/100
m/min 61-76 15-30
Feed in/rev 0.020 0.008
mm/rev 0.5 0.2
Tool material C-6 C-2

Note: Water base-oil emulsion or chemical solution is used as cutting fluid.

9
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

Trepanning & Turning Threading

A series of machining tests has been conducted on
INCOLOY alloy 925 aged bar. The test consisted of O.D.
turning on a Bullard CNC lathe and trepanning on a
Boehringer trepan machine using American Heller trepan
heads and inserts.
This test was to establish effective metal removal rates
and to analyze movement of the material during machining
caused by stress. Also, the test determines if the movement
was being caused by stress induced by the machining
process.
Lathe threading
Standard single-point lathe threading practices are adequate
for threading INCOLOY alloy 925 in the solution-annealed
or aged conditions. Threading speeds are 12-18 ft/min (3.7-
5.5 m/min) for solution-annealed material and 3.0-3.5 ft/min
(0.91-1.1 m/min) for aged material. The depth of cut will
vary, becoming less as the work progresses.
Die head threading

Trepanning: Threading dies should be made of molybdenum high-speed

Hole size = 4.25 in (108 mm) steel (Grade M-2 or M-10). A chaser throat angle of 15 to
rev/min = 56 20° is recommended for producing V threads where no
in/rev = 0.008 (0.2 mm/rev) shoulder is involved. When close-to-shoulder threading
SFM = 62 must be done, a 15° rake angle is recommended. The speeds
given for lathe threading also apply to die threading.
At 100 SFM there was good chip information, but rapid
tool failure was noted at the higher SFM on the inside
insert. Thread grinding

Turning: External threads for INCOLOY alloy 925 can be produced

Diameter = 9.625 in (245 mm) by form grinding with aluminum oxide (150-320 grit)
rev/min = 46 vitrified-bonded grinding wheels. The recommended
in/rev = 0.029 (0.74 mm/rev) coolant for thread grinding is a high-grade grinding oil of
Surface about 300 seconds viscosity at 70°F (21°C). Extreme care
= 116 (35 m/min)
feet/min must be taken to prevent overheating during grinding.
Depth = 0.1875 in (4.76 mm)
of cut Thread rolling
SECO SNMG-643
Tool = Grade TP20 MR5
Maximum tensile properties may be obtained by thread
Material rolling after direct aging of INCOLOY alloy 925. However,
Length = 34.75 in (883 mm) usually it is preferred to thread roll as-drawn or solution-
annealed alloy 925 and then age harden. Material in the soft
On material which had been trepanned, there was no ovality condition is more easily threaded and subsequent aging
distortion while turning down to smaller diameters. On
material which had been trepanned to produce a wall
thickness of less than one inch (25 mm), distortion of up to
0.010 in (0.25 mm) was noted after turning. If the material
was allowed to set for several weeks after trepanning, the Reaming
run out was eliminated or substantially reduced. Reheating
the material at 1150°F (621°C)/2 h after trepanning also Operating speeds for reamers should be about 2/3 of the
substantially reduced run out during the turning operation. sped used for drilling. The reamer feed into the work should
As a rule of thumb, the best stock removal rates were be 0.0015 to 0.004 in (0.4-0.1 mm) per flute per revolution.
obtained by running slower SFM and heavier chip loads. It Feed rates that are too low will result in glazing and
is also important to note that a good setup is critical in the excessive wear. Conventional fluted reamers, flat solid
turning operation to prevent additional ovality problems. reamers and insert tools for built-up reamers are made of
high-speed steel. Composite tools having steel shanks tipped
with cemented carbide are recommended for age hardened
alloy 925.

10
 I N C O L O Y fi alloy 925

W arping
Stresses produced during the machining process may result
in distortion or warping. This can be minimized by reducing
the machining speeds and/or the depth of cut.

Heat Treatment
Solution annealing in preparation for age hardening should
be done at 1800-1900°F (980-1040°C) for a minimum of
30 min and a maximum of 4 h. Cool at a rate equivalent to
air cooling, or faster, for sizes of 1 in (25 mm) or under.
Water quench all sizes over 1 in (25 mm).
The following age hardening treatment is normally
used: 1350-1380°F (732-749°C)/6-9 h, FC to 1150°F
(621°C), hold at 1150°F (621°C) ± 15°F (8°C) for a total
aging time of 18 h. Cool at a rate equivalent to air cooling,
or faster.

INCOLOY alloy 925 is designated as UNS N09925.

Designations and specifications for the product include
NACE MR-01-75, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Case 2218 Section VIII Division 1, and Special Metals
Corporation internal specification HA 46.

Alloy 925 is available as tube, round bar, flat bar and forging
stock.

Publication Number SMC-070

Copyright © Special Metals Corporation, 2004 (Sept 04)

INCONEL, INCOLOY, MONEL, INCO-WELD and

725NDUR are trademarks of the Special Metals
Corporation group of companies.
The data contained in this publication is for informational purposes only and may be
revised at any time without prior notice. The data is believed to be accurate and
reliable, but Special Metals makes no representation or warranty of any kind
(express or implied) and assumes no liability with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained herein. Although the data is believed to
be representative of the product, the actual characteristics or performance of the
product may vary from what is shown in this publication. Nothing contained in this
publication should be construed as guaranteeing the product for a particular use or
application.

11
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