Where,

M13 = total juice in the feed

V1 = amount of vapour in the 1st effect

V2 = amount of vapour in the 2nd effect

V3 = amount of vapour in the 3rd effect

V4 = amount of vapour in the 4th effect

V5 = amount of vapor in the 5th effect

P1 = amount of product in the 1st effect

P2 = amount of product in the 2nd effect

P3 = amount of product in the 3rd effect

P4 = total product produced in the 4th effect

P5 = total product of the fifth effect

Overall Brix Balance:

𝐹𝑥𝑓 = 𝑃5 𝑥𝑝5

0.15𝐹 = 371155.5522(0.40)

𝑘𝑔
𝐹 = 989748.1392
ℎ𝑟

Overall material Balance:

𝐹 = 𝑉𝑇 + 𝑃
 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑇 = 989748.1392 − 371155.5522
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑇 = 618592.587
ℎ𝑟

Assume:

𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉3 = 𝑉4 = 𝑉5

𝑘𝑔
618592.587
= ℎ𝑟
5

𝑘𝑔
= 123,718.5174
ℎ𝑟

First effect

𝐹 = 𝑉1 + 𝑃1

989748.1392 = 123,718.5174 + 𝑃1

𝑘𝑔
𝑃1 = 866029.6218
ℎ𝑟

Second effect

𝑃1 = 𝑉2 + 𝑃2

866029.6218 = 123,718.5174 + 𝑃2

𝑘𝑔
𝑃2 = 742311.1044
ℎ𝑟

Third effect

𝑃2 = 𝑉3 + 𝑃3
 742311.1044 = 123,718.5174 + 𝑃3

𝑘𝑔
𝑃3 = 618592.587
ℎ𝑟

Fourth effect

𝑃3 = 𝑉4 + 𝑃4

618592.587 = 123,718.5174 + 𝑃4

𝑘𝑔
𝑃4 = 494874.0696
ℎ𝑟

Fifth effect

𝑃4 = 𝑉5 + 𝑃5

494874.0696 = 123,718.5174 + 𝑃5

𝑃5 = 371155.5522

Solid balance:

First effect:

𝐹𝑥𝑓 = 𝑃1 𝑥𝑝1

𝐹𝑥𝑓
𝑥𝑝1 =
𝑃1

𝑥𝑝1 = 0.1714

Second effect:

𝑃1 𝑥𝑝1 = 𝑃2 𝑥𝑝2
 𝑃1 𝑥𝑝1
𝑥𝑝2 =
𝑃2

𝑥𝑝2 = 0.20

Third effect:

𝑃2 𝑥𝑝2 = 𝑃3 𝑥𝑝3

𝑃2 𝑥𝑝2
𝑥𝑝3 =
𝑃3

𝑥𝑝3 = 0.24

Fourth effect:

𝑃3 𝑥𝑝3 = 𝑃4 𝑥𝑝4

𝑃3 𝑥𝑝3
𝑥𝑝4 =
𝑃4

𝑥𝑝4 = 0.3

Fifth effect:

𝑃4 𝑥𝑝4 = 𝑃5 𝑥𝑝5

𝑃4 𝑥𝑝4
𝑥𝑝5 =
𝑃5

𝑥𝑝5 = 0.4

According to Hugot (1986), the specific heat of sucrose solution is given to a close

approximation by the equation

 Cp  1  0.006B

Solving for the specific heat of the clarified juice:

Feed:

𝐶𝑝𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 1 − 0.06(15°𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑥)

𝐵𝑇𝑈 1.055𝑘𝐽 2.2046𝑙𝑏𝑚 1.8℉

= 0.91 × × ×
℉. 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑘𝑔 ℃

𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 3.8097
𝑘𝑔℃

Frist effect:

𝐶𝑝1 = 1 − 0.06(15°𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑥)

𝐵𝑇𝑈 1.055𝑘𝐽 2.2046𝑙𝑏𝑚 1.8℉

= 0.8974 × × ×
℉. 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑘𝑔 ℃

𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝1 = 3.759
𝑘𝑔℃

Second effect:

𝐶𝑝2 = 1 − 0.06(21.7°𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑥)

𝐵𝑇𝑈 1.055𝑘𝐽 2.2046𝑙𝑏𝑚 1.8℉

= 0.88 × × ×
℉. 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑘𝑔 ℃

𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝2 = 3.6842
𝑘𝑔℃

Third effect:
 𝐶𝑝3 = 1 − 0.06(27°𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑥)

𝐵𝑇𝑈 1.055𝑘𝐽 2.2046𝑙𝑏𝑚 1.8℉

= 0.856 × × ×
℉. 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑘𝑔 ℃

𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝3 = 3.5837
𝑘𝑔℃

Fourth effect:

𝐶𝑝4 = 1 − 0.06(33.1°𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑥)

𝐵𝑇𝑈 1.055𝑘𝐽 2.2046𝑙𝑏𝑚 1.8℉

= 0.82 × × ×
℉. 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑘𝑔 ℃

𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝3 = 3.433
𝑘𝑔℃

Fifth effect:

𝐶𝑝5 = 1 − 0.06(44°𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑥)

𝐵𝑇𝑈 1.055𝑘𝐽 2.2046𝑙𝑏𝑚 1.8℉

= 0.76 × × ×
℉. 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑘𝑔 ℃

𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝3 = 3.1818
𝑘𝑔℃

Boiling Point Rise in each effect:

First effect:

3.6 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥
𝐵𝑃𝑅1 =
100 − 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥

3.6 (15°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥)
=
100 − 15°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥
 𝐵𝑃𝑅1 = 0.7447

Second effect:

3.6 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥
𝐵𝑃𝑅2 =
100 − 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥

3.6 (21.7°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥)
=
100 − 21.7°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥

𝐵𝑃𝑅2 = 0.9

Third effect:

3.6 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥
𝐵𝑃𝑅3 =
100 − 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥

3.6 (27°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥)
=
100 − 27°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥

𝐵𝑃𝑅3 = 1.1368

Fourth effect:

3.6 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥
𝐵𝑃𝑅4 =
100 − 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥

3.6 (33.1°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥)
=
100 − 33.1°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥

𝐵𝑃𝑅4 = 1.5429

Fifth effect:

3.6 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥
𝐵𝑃𝑅5 =
100 − 𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥
 3.6 (40°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥)
=
100 − 40°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥

𝐵𝑃𝑅5 = 2.4

TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE OF STEAM

EVAPORATOR NUMBER TEMPERATURE,ᵒC PRESSURE, kPa

1 150 270.38

2 120 198.67

3 111 148.54

4 98.3 95.70

5 85.8 59.84

∆𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖;𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 𝑇𝑠1 − 𝑇𝑠 (𝐵𝑃𝑅1 + 𝐵𝑃𝑅2 + 𝐵𝑃𝑅3 + 𝐵𝑃𝑅4 + 𝐵𝑃𝑅5 )

= 150 − 85.8 − (0.7447 + 0.9 + 1.1368 + 1.5429 + 2.4)

∆𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖;𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 57.475

Apparent Heat Transfer

Apparent Heat Transfer Coefficients (Hugot E. , 1986)

Apparent Heat Transfer Coefficients kcal/m2/°C/h

1st Vessel 2200

2nd Vessel 1600

3rd Vessel 1400

 4th Vessel 900

5th Vessel 550

Solving for ΔT

1
𝑈1
∆𝑇1 = Σ∆𝑇1 ( )
1 1 1 1 1
𝑈1 + 𝑈2 + 𝑈3 + 𝑈4 + 𝑈5

1
= 57.475 ( 2200 )
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
2200 1600 1400 900 550

∆𝑇1 = 5.5314

1
𝑈2
∆𝑇2 = Σ∆𝑇2 ( )
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
𝑈1 𝑈2 𝑈3 𝑈4 𝑈5

1
= 57.475 ( 1600 )
1 1 1 1 1
2200 + 1600 + 1400 + 900 + 550

∆𝑇2 = 7.6056

1
𝑈3
∆𝑇3 = Σ∆𝑇3 ( )
1 1 1 1 1
𝑈1 + 𝑈2 + 𝑈3 + 𝑈4 + 𝑈5
 1
= 57.475 ( 1400 )
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
2200 1600 1400 900 550

∆𝑇3 = 8.6921

1
𝑈4
∆𝑇4 = Σ∆𝑇4 ( )
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
𝑈1 𝑈2 𝑈3 𝑈4 𝑈5

1
= 57.475 ( 900 )
1 1 1 1 1
2200 + 1600 + 1400 + 900 + 550

∆𝑇4 = 13.5211

1
𝑈5
∆𝑇5 = Σ∆𝑇5 ( )
1 1 1 1 1
𝑈1 + 𝑈2 + 𝑈3 + 𝑈4 + 𝑈5

1
= 57.475 ( 550 )
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
2200 1600 1400 900 550

∆𝑇5 = 22.1254

Calculating the actual boiling point of the solution in each effect

𝑇𝑠2 = 𝑇1 − 𝐵𝑃𝑅1 = 143.7239

𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑠1 − ∆𝑇1 = 144.4686

𝑇2 = 144.4686 − 0.7447 − 7.6056 = 136.1183

 𝑇𝑠3 = 𝑇2 − 𝐵𝑃𝑅2 = 135.2183

𝑇3 = 𝑇2 − 𝐵𝑃𝑅2 − ∆𝑇3

= 136.118 − 0.9 − 8.6921

𝑇3 = 126.5262

𝑇𝑠4 = 𝑇3 − 𝐵𝑃𝑅3 = 125.3894

𝑇4 = 𝑇3 − 𝐵𝑃𝑅3 − ∆𝑇4 = 111.8683

𝑇𝑠5 = 𝑇4 − 𝐵𝑃𝑅4 = 110.3254

𝑇5 = 𝑇4 − 𝐵𝑃𝑅4 − ∆𝑇5

= 111.8683 − 1.5429 − 22.1254

𝑇5 = 88.2