Solutions of Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients by Laplace Transforms (Copyright ©2006, 1994, 1973 by The MeGrseHHill Gomparies, Inc. Click hete for terms: of use.CHAP 24) SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2B SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Laplace transforms are used to solve initial-value problems given by the rth-order li ‘with constant coefficients car differential equation oT, for, on Benya wo (240) b 7 m of both sides of valty, amd finally take for ¥(s). Then solve for Fis) algebre way = EY) first the differential equation is solved and then the initial conditions are rary constints, the Laplace transform method solves the entire initial-value problem in one step, There are (wo exceptions: when no-initial conditions are spevifiee andl wher the initial conditions ame not al x =O In these sitmations, ey through cy im Eis, (24.2) and (24,3) remain arbitrary and the solution to differential Bq, (24.6) is found in terms of these constants, They are then evaluated separately when appropriate subsidiary conditions are provided, (See Problems 24 11 through 24:13.) Solved problems WAL Solve y= Sy=0; WO) = 2, ‘Toking the Laplace: transform of both sides of this differential equation and using Property 24.4, we obtain Py") = SH Ly) = 40}. Then, using Eq, (24-4) with cy=2, we find lsytp-21 S¥ia from which Y4s) Finally, taking the irwerse Laplace traneform of Yq, we obtain nae ‘oone | Wb Solve y’ =e*, yO) = 0. Taking the Laplace transform of both sides of this differential equation and using Propesty 24.4, we find that ey’) - SLCy} = He}, Them, using Appendix A and 1g. (24-4) with y= 0 we obtain fomwbich ¥4s}=— veer) SP (sF)—01-S¥)= Finally, taking the inverse transform of Ys), we obiain w= EEN {see Appondix A, entry 14), WAS. Solve +y = sim 1; MO) © 1 ‘Taking the Laplace transform of both sides ofthe differential equation, we obtain ADAG Hsin or [SFE H+ FiabeMs. SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS [tap 24 Solving for Fis), we find yeh teeter eh sel Taking the inverse Lapin ransom, and using the eexult of Probleen 22.17, we obtain oe yoyeet la sr) foie! { | Solve y+ 4y= 0, 10) = 2, ype 2. ‘Taking Laplace tansfonns, we have ‘2(y") +406(y) = S6(0. Then, using Fig. (24.5) with ¢=2 and e, we obtain [F¥is) ~ 252] 4-449) =0 Dems 2e+ sine Solve y= Sy! + y= th O}= Taking Laplace transforms, we obtain E69") —SE(y") +4669) = (0). Then, using hot Eqs. (24%) amc (24.5) with ey= 1 and c we hawe [s"¥ish~ © = 5] = 3[s¥is) = I] + 4Mis) =O 42 are Finally, taking the iewerse Laplace transform and using the result of Problem 22.10, we obtain Solve yy! w= 4 Taking Laplace transforms, we have £{y") — 4 424.5) with oy= Vand cy = 4, we obtain iy) 24 (9) 40.08). Then, using both Fs. (26.4) ant - 8 Ie'YQs)— 5 -41-DsYn)- = 2FG = oe, poe solving for Fis}, {See Problem [3.141CHAP 24] SOLLITIONS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, 25. 27. Sol rey dy Ry sin x, (0) 1 CO) = 0, ‘Taking Laplace transforms, we obtain Ey") +40 EY) + BL ty) = Lfsia xp. Sinew ey=T and c becomes 0, is [°F(9)- 8-0} + ale) —1] +8719) vel sod fl Thus, ¥(y=—*4 _ 4 __} _ Sede OO 61K ede 8 Finally, taking the inverse Laplace transform and wsing the results of Problems 22.9 and 22.18, we obtain viride cote te sin Qn) (See Problem 13.3.1 AK Solve ¥— Dy + y= flrr MO) In this equation fx) is unspecified. Taking Laplace transforms and designating SC fst) by Fs), we obiain Posy ['¥(s) -(0)s~ 0] = 2[sVisy-O]+ FEI = FG) of Yisy= = From Appendix A, entry 14, 6°0(1i(2— 1°) =e Thus, taking the inverse transform of Hs) asx using comvlutions, we conclu that vixk=ae! + fads [ue fox~ od 29. Solve y+ y= fOr. MO) =. 'O)= if fC) 2 x21 Note that ffx) = 2u (r— 1, Taking Laplace transforms, we obi i xed [e¥ap— (hs — 0+ Yak = LE FE} = 2 (ate 1) = ee Since it Follems from Theorem 23.4 that xref fe 2 — Beas (= yun 1) wal 210. Solve y" +’ =e WO) = = Ft) =O. ‘Taking Laplace transforms, we cbtain SEy""} + 8G} = te") Then.sssing bg, (24.31 wi we have: =Band by (244), 1 [s"F(s) —c01s — (ns —0] +158) —0) wea or Fp=6 SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, [cap 2a Finally, using the method of partial fractions and taking the ive seyett'| Lot betl 5 Lal L 7 1+ Se! + Soosr tiny sre a 2 ALL Solve y’ No initial conditions ane specified. Taking the Laplace transform of both sides of the differential equation, we obtain Sy=0 BV} ~ SEC) = (0) Then, using: By, (24.8) with 6, = (0) kept arbitrary, we Bave bre, SHU) ‘Taking the inverse Laplace transform, we find that wns use? { 2.12. Solve y"— By + 2y= er" No RECS 20 tor ial conditions are specified. Taking Laplace transforms, we have 4 [e'¥(4)— seg — ey] — MEMS) — eg] + AM ME= Lis + Tp Here ¢) ann ey must remain arbitrary since they: represot 40) and y'(O), respectively, which are unkarswn, Thus, DAIS. Solve yay + 2y jal conclitions are given af x= 1, not x= ft Using the resulls of Problem 2412, we have as the selution ilVerential exuation Theis to just the 1 vad! + dg" +te le td +eCHAP 24] SOLLITIONS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, 7 BLA, Solve TT 0.058 IE) = 20,000, ‘This is a differential equation for the unknown Finetion Ne) in the independcat variable f; We set Mis) =JA4N(0). Taking Laplace transforms of the given dfferentiol equation ancl using (24.4) with N replacing, we have [rst — N(0i] = 0.0883 [sNts} ~ 20,00] = QOS ‘or, upon saving for Nis, Ms) =005 Then from Appendix A. entry’? with a= 0015 and ¢ replacing x, we obtain Nurser = ‘Compare with (21 of Problem 7.1 LIS. Solve 4 + S00 = 54(0) = 0. This isa differential equation for the unknown function (in the independent variable J, We set Ms} =P (010) Taking Laplace transforms of the given differentinl equoticn and wsing Eq. (24.4) wath F replacing y, we Ba Lalla) 10)] + 34 )= t) Le —0] + 50119) ={2) x, pa salving fr 6, 13) =——— se Then using the method of partial fractions and Appendia A, nth f replacing x, me oblain Ney = Ey} = £ tz oa ‘Compare with (1) of Problem 7.19 WIG Solve t+ lor =2sin dr, xt) = (0}= This is diffesential equation for the unknown function a(f) én the independent variable We set Xs) = F(0(N). Taking Laplace tastes of the given differential equation and using Eq, (24.5) with x replacing. Ye Bae (x (9) == A] + 16K = ae [rxw-28 SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Then using Appendis A, entries 17 and 9 with a x= FHS tata y ‘Compute with the results of Problem 14.10, Supplementary Problems (Use Laplace ransfoems to solve the following problems, m7 y TAM, y'42y=2yOH=1 2419. 2AM, yt 2p=0. y= 1 2421 2422, ¥—Sy=e% p00 2425, y+ 20y= Gein Is, WV=6 2427, yf vesina, ODM D, yOp= 2428 yt yO) B90) 0 2A, yh yf Bye sine OF = y= 0 sin x, 90) =O, yO) = 2 ASL y+ y t=O; NO) =A, VHS —3 DAS y+ 2y' + Sy = 37 MOV = LF O= DARA y+ Sy —3y = aura =O, YO) =O MO} =0, ¥(0=0. y7O)=O 24s. aan Beg acow2r, goy=0 MAM E44 4v=0, 40)=2, 50} de as, . mas, Shae 425¢=0, xfe)=0, H}=6 ats Ce) =0, 8p: 4, gta aa iar as [tap 24 zo