PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering EE600S POWER QUALITY LTPC3003 OBJECTIVES: + To introduce the power quality problem + To educate on production of voltages sags, over voltag + Tostudy overvoliage problems + To study the sources and effect of harmonics in power system * To impart knowledge on various methods of power quality monitoring, UNIT INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY 9 ‘Terms and definitions: Overloading - under voltage - over voltage. Concepts of transients - short duration variations such as interruption - long duration variation such as sustained interruption. Sags and swells - voltage sag - voltage swell - voltage imbalance - voltage fluctuation - power frequency variations. International standards of power quality. Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Associations (CBEMA) curve. UNIT I VOLTAGE SAGS AND INTERRUPTIONS 9 Sources of sags and interruptions - estimating voltage sag_ performance. Thevenin’s equivalent source - analysis and calculation of various faulted condition. Voltage sag due to induction ‘motor starting. Estimation of the sag severity - mitigation of voltage sags, active series compensators. Static transfer switches and fast transfer switches. UNIT OVERVOLTAGES 9 Sources of over voltages - Capacitor switching — lightning - ferro resonance. Mitigation of voltage swells - surge arresters - low pass filters - power conditioners. Lightning protection — shielding - line arresters - protection of transformers and cables. An introduction to computer analysis tools for transients, PSCAD and EMTP. UNIT IV HARMONICS 9 Harmonic sources from commercial and industrial loads, locating harmonic sources.Power system response characteristics - Harmonics Vs transients. Effect of harmonics - harmonic distortion - voltage and current distortion - harmonic indices - inter harmonics — resonance. Harmonic distortion evaluation - devices for controlling harmonic distortion - passive and active filters. IEEE and IEC standards, UNIT V POWER QUALITY MONITORING 9 Monitoring considerations - monitoring and diagnostic techniques for various power quality problems - modeling of power quality (harmonics and voltage sag) problems by mathematical simulation tools - power line disturbance analyzer ~ quality measurement equipment - harmonic / spectrum analyzer - Hicker meters - disturbance analyzer. Applications of expert systems for power quality monitoring. TOTAL : 45 PERIODS and harmonics and methods of control OUTCOMES: * Ability to understand and analyze power system operation, stability, control and protection. TEXT BOOKS: 1. Roger. C. Dugan, Mark. F, MeGranagham, Surya Santoso, H.Wayne Beaty, ‘Electrical Power Systems Quality’ McGraw Hill,2003.(For Chapters},2,3, 4 and 5). 2. Eswald.F.Fudis and M.AS.Masoum, “Power Quality in Power System and Electrical Machines,” Elseviar Academic Press, 2013. 3._ J. Arrillaga, N.R. Watson, S. Chen, ‘Power System Quality Assessment’, Wiley, 2011 REFERENCES: 1. G.T. Heydt, ‘Electric Power Quality’, 2u1 Edition. (West Lafayette, IN, Stars in a Circle Publications, 1994). (For Chapter 1, 2, 3 and 5) M.H.J Bollen, “Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions", (New York: IEEE Press, 1999). (For Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 5) G.J.Wakileh, “Power Systems Harmonies ~ Fundamentals, Analysis and 2007. 4, E,Aeha and M.Madrigal, “Power System Harmonies, Computer Modelling and Analysis, “ Wiley India, 2012. 5. R.S.Vedam, M.S.Sarma, “Power Quality - VAR Compensation in Power Systems,” CRC Press 2013. 6. C, Sankaran, ‘Power Quality’, CRC press, Taylor & Francis group, 2002. iter Design SpringerKEOORK - Power Quarry Unit E “LarropuetioN To Power Quauity . Rwee Quanity + Abnormal Yehovrous ona Jpevon aupslom One? 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For example IEEE adopts some of ANSI standards as IEEE standards for some specific issues. The standards are derrived by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer) , IEC (International Slectro technical Communication) , CENELEC (European committee for Electro technical Standardization), ANSI (American National Standards Institute), NER (National Electricity Regulator), SEMI (Semiconductor Equipement and MAterial International) and UIE (International Union for Electricity Applications). 2416 E POWER QUALITY STANDARDS 2.1.1 IEEE 519 IEEE STD 519-1981, I = Guide for Harmonic Control and Reactive Compensation of Static Power Converters is sponsored bt Static Power Converter Committee (SPCC) of the Industry Applications Society (IAS). It introduces the harmonies. It introduces quantifying factor for harmonies such as DF, TIF. It focuses recommended practices for Line notch limits . Voltage distortion limits, Telephone influence limits and Flicker limits. IEEE STD 519-1992, IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power System is sponsored by Transmission & Distribution Committee of the IEEE PES & SPCC of the IEEE IAS. It discusses in depth about the harmonics. It is educative and informative in nature. It introduces THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) and TDD (Total Demand Distortion). It focuses on Recommended practices for Individual consumers , Recommended practices for Utilities and Recommended methodology for evaluating new harmonic sources IEEE STD 519-2014, IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power System is sponsored by Transmission & Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES). It focuses on Harmonic measurements and recommended harmonic limits for voltage and current distortion 2.1.1.1 IEEE 519 for current harmonic The limits are: 1. Assure that the electric utility can deliver relatively clean power to all of its customers 2. Assure that the electric utility can protect its electrical equipment from overheating, loss of life from excessive harmonic currents, and excessive voltage stress due to excessive harmonic voltage. The voltage distortion limits are 3% for individual harmonies and 5% THD. ‘The harmonic limits in IEEE 519 are based on a customer load mix and location on the power system. The limits are not applied to particular equipment, although, with a high amount of nonlinear loads, itis likely that some harmonic suppression may be necessary For current distortion limits, IEEE Std 519 uses a short circuit ratio to establish a customers size and potential influence on the voltage distortion of the system. The short circuit ratio (Isc/t) is the ratio of short circuit current (ISC) at the point of common coupling with the utility, to the customer's maximum load or demand current (IL). 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