UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY

(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)

Iriga, City

College of Teacher Education

Theoretical Framework

All educational systems should be designed to promote knowledge. Teacher should

be aware of the related studies, theories and the way learners learn. The main theory of

the study is to present some good practices which are based on the core principles of

four Learning Theories: Cognitivism by Jean Piaget, Constructivism by Jerome Bruner

and Active Learning by Vygotsky.

Jean Piaget’s, Cognitivism Theory intentioned to explain the theory of cognitive

development as a theory in psychology and its application to E-Learning design. Piaget

explains that the role that the human brain plays in helping learners understand new and

complex concepts. Cognitive processes such as Observing, Classifying, Categorizing,

Attention, Perception, Interactivity, and, Reasoning. All of this plays an important role in

helping learners learn. What this means is that the ability to effectively absorb,

understand, and apply certain concepts and theories is directly related to the cognitive

abilities. For instance, if learners lack a span of attention, or can’t appropriately observe

a teacher conducting a teaching activity, they are less likely to grasp the essence of what’s

being taught or demonstrated.

A good example of this may be an application where E-Learners are able to configure

their dashboards or canvases based on certain preferences. Some learners respond well

to graphical stimulus, while others become more attentive in a text-based or audio-visual

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

College of Teacher Education

environment. Allowing learners to "control" how lessons are presented will enable them

to absorb content more effectively.

One of the cornerstones of Cognitivism is its focus on learning through self-discovery.

What this tells E-Learning course developers is that they shouldn’t over-weight their

curriculums with content that "tells learners"; instead, content must be presented in a way

that learners are forced to discover some aspects of the syllabus for themselves.

Jerome Bruner, Constructivism Theory explains the manner in which knowledge is

constructed. It focuses on construction of knowledge when the information obtained

comes in contact with the knowledge acquired by experiences. For Example: In an online

learning for instructional activity on how to write effective storyboards: [a] a real-life

perspective was provided through the use of a character who is an ID. [b] A “story” was

created, and the character was placed in real-life situations where she had to understand

and tackle different aspects of storyboarding. [c] Practical tips and guidelines were

provided to help learners apply their learning in actual work-environments. As far as

instruction is concerned, the teacher should try and encourage students to discover

principles by themselves. The teacher and pupil should engage in an active dialog (i.e.,

Socratic learning). The task of the teacher is to translate information to be learned into a

format appropriate to the learner’s current state of understanding. Curriculum should be

organized in a spiral manner so that the pupil continually builds upon what they have

already learned.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

College of Teacher Education

Bonwell & Eison, Active Learning Theory states that in active learning, pupils

participate in the process and participate when they are doing something besides

passively listening. Active learning is a method of learning in which pupils are actively

or experientially involved in the learning process and where there are different levels

of active learning, depending on student involvement. In the Association for the Study

of Higher Education (ASHE) report the authors discuss a variety of methodologies for

promoting "active learning". They cite literature that indicates that to learn, students

must do more than just listen: They must read, write, discuss, or be engaged in solving

problems. It relates to the three learning domains referred to as knowledge, skills and

attitudes (KSA), and that this taxonomy of learning behaviours can be thought of as

"the goals of the learning process". In particular, pupils must engage in such higher-

order thinking tasks as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Active learning engages

pupils in two aspects – doing things and thinking about the things they are doing.

There are a wide range of alternatives for the term "active learning" like learning

through play, technology-based learning, activity-based learning, group work, project

method, etc. the underlying factor behind these are some significant qualities and

characteristics of active learning.

Pupils build their own understanding of the world through experience, maturation,

and interaction with the environment and people around them wherein it is related to

the ISLK or what we say “Interactive Simulations Learning for Kids”, it provides fun,
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

College of Teacher Education

free, interactive teaching method, research-based science and mathematics

simulations.

With the theories provided by Jerome Bruner entitled Constructivist Theory, the

researcher came up with the idea of a Requisite E-Learning Tutoring which is the

Interactive Simulations Learning for Kids which is the Researcher Theory, this

theory is to focus on pupils to join in simulations unique features that are not available

in most learning tools (interactivity, animation, games). ISLK is very effective in

lecture, in class activities, lab and homework. The researcher believed that it is used

to change the traditional norms of how pupils engage in the classroom. The

effectiveness of this theory lies on the learning instructions utilize by the E-Learning

teacher in the tutorial process. The teacher must not only have knowledge in E-

Learning but also with the appropriate strategies and tests include pupil’s interviews

and observation of simulation use in classrooms.

In short, ISLK is the theory that help in today's learners wants relevant, mobile,

self-paced, and personalized content. This need is fulfilled with the online mode of

learning wherein pupils can learn at their own comfort and requirement. In the

traditional form of learning, if you cannot attend the lecture, then you have to prepare

for that topic on your own; in E-Learning, you can attend the lectures whenever you

want with ease.