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10 Razones Recude Dolor 2 PDF
10 Razones Recude Dolor 2 PDF
Ika Oktaviani
PII: S1744-3881(17)30392-4
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.11.007
Reference: CTCP 787
Please cite this article as: Oktaviani I, Pilates workouts can reduce pain in pregnant women,
Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.11.007.
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PILATES WORKOUTS CAN REDUCE PAIN IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Ika Oktaviani
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Address: Jl. Brigjend Sutiyoso No. 1, Metro City, Lampung, Sumatera, Indonesia
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Email: ika.oktaviani@yahoo.com
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PILATES WORKOUTS CAN REDUCE PAIN IN PREGNANT WOMEN
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of Pilates exercises for a decreasing pain
in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 40 pregnant women were divided into two groups, a
control group (followed a standard pregnancy exercise regimen) and a Pilates group
(completed a Pilates exercise regimen). A pain assessment was carried out after exercise,
using a visual analog scale. The Pilates group workout program lasted 70-80 minutes per
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day, once a week, for 8 weeks. Results: The reduction in the level of pain was found to be
significantly greater in the group of pregnant women who completed the Pilates workout (p <
0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that Pilates is an effective, healthy,
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and feasible method of reducing pain in pregnancy, and is therefore a beneficial alternative
workout for the suppression of pain in the third trimester of pregnancy.
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INTRODUCTION
A woman's body will experiences many changes throughout pregnancy. These changes
include weight gain, changes in posture, weakness of joints and ligaments and
musculotendinous stretching [1]. The incidence of back pain is very high, occuring in about
30-70% of pregnant women [2-5]. It has also been reported that 31.7% of pregnant women
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have pubic symphysis pain. In addition to back and symphysis pubis pain, other complaints
include upper back pain, sacroiliac joint pain, muscle cramps, pain in the lower extremity
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joints, limb discomfort, pedal edema, carpal tunnel syndrome, imbalance and collapse [6, 7].
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Pregnancy-related musculoskeletal dysfunction is influenced by the degree of physical
activity, cultural influences, environment, and hormonal changes. The hormone relaxin
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serves to relax ligaments in the pelvis for the birthing process [8], but also relaxes the
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ligaments supporting the spine thus triggering pregnancy-related pain. This condition is
The Pilates workout method is a technique focused on developing stability of the core
(muscles of the abdomen, low back, and hips), and improving posture, respiration, flexibility,
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strength and muscle control [10]. The Pilates approach focuses on actively utilizing the trunk
muscles to stabilize the pelvic-lumbar region [11]. There is evidence that lumbar stabilization
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exercises can improve internal muscle strength [12]. The Pilates method has been reported
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to be more effective than ordinary workout methods in reducing pain [13]. To our knowledge,
applying the Pilates method for the purpose of reducing pregnancy pain has not previously
been evaluted [14]. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Pilates exercises for
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Subject
This is an experimental study design. A total of 40 pregnant women were divided into two
groups, a control group (that followed a standard exercise regimen in pregnancy) and a
Pilates group (that performed Pilates exercises in pregnancy). The inclusion criteria for this
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study include the following: pregnant women in the third trimester which was defined by
gestational age ≥ 28 weeks; musculoskeletal pain (back and waist) affecting the pregnancy;
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maternal age 20-35 years; parity ≤ 3; and the absence of heavy lifting in daily activities. The
exclusion criteria of this study included maternal complications such as kidney disease (low
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back pain due to kidney disorder), pre-eclampsia, bone disorders, and placenta previa.
Assessment of pain
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Pain assessment was carried out using a visual analog scale (VAS) according to Bourbanis,
and completed by making a checklist (√) or circling (O) numbers on a pain scale
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corresponding to the level of pain felt. We included a brief interview guide equipped with
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images corresponding to specific pain scale ratings. A pain assesment was performed after
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Pregnancy exercise
The exercises were performed once a week for 8 weeks. Every exercise was guided by a
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The Pilates workout regimen consisted of 70-80 of Pilates exercises per day, once a week
for 8 weeks. This workout group performed a warm-up exercises comprising mild breathing
and stretching for 10 minutes. This was followed by the main workout, which lasted for 50-60
minutes, and a cool-down routine lasting 10 minutes. The Pilates workout program was
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based on the recommendations of the New York Pilates Academy International-Pilates (PAI)
Ethics
This study passed an ethical review by the Ethics Commission of Health Polytechnic,
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Tanjung Karang (No: LB.02.01/I.1/3235/2015)
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RESULTS
Table 1 presents the following data for both treatment groups: subjects age, gestational age,
gravidity, type of work, and initial pain score. There were no significant differences in the
mean age of the subjects, gestational ages, gravidity, type of work, or initial pain scores
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Figure 1 presents the pain scores before the workout, pain scores after the workout, and the
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differences between the two treatment groups. The pain scores in both groups before
undertaking their respective workouts were comparable (p <0.05). After undertaking the
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workout, there was a reduction in the pain scores in both groups. The reduction in the pain
scores was found to be significantly greater in the group of pregnant women that completed
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DISCUSSION
In this study, there were no significant differences in the subjects ages, gestational ages,
gravidity, and types of work between the two study groups, and therefore these two groups
could be legitimately compared. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the effects
of Pilates exercises of the reduction of pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. In this
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study, after completion of their workouts, there was a reduction in the level of pain in both
groups. The reduction in the level of pain was found to be significantly greater in the group
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of pregnant women who followed the Pilates workout regimen (p < 0.05). This would indicate
that the Pilates workout is seemimgly better than a common workout at reducing pain in the
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pregnant women in the third trimester. Researchers suspect that the reduction of pain in the
pregnant women who performed Pilates was caused by a decrease in levels of the hormone
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relaxin, but this possibility will need to be evaluated further in future studies. The hormone
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relaxin serves to relax ligaments in the pelvis for the birthing process [8], and also relaxes
the ligaments supporting the spine thus triggering pregnancy pain. Pregnancy pain is also
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aggravated by the separation of muscles due to the stretching of the uterus as well as by
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emotional stress [9]. Although the effects of Pilates are found only in short term [16], this
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study expands on previous findings that indicate that Pilates has been able to reduce pain in
women suffering from lower back pain [17], fibromyalgia [18], postmenopausal osteoporosis
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[19], and pain as results of infectin with the HTLV-1 virus [20].
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In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the Pilates workout is an effective,
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healthy, and feasible method of reducing pain, and thus is an alternative workout that is easy
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REFERENCES
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relaxation. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 1991; 20(88):7–15.
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7. Pierce H, Homer CSE, Dahlen HG, King J. Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain:
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listening to Australian women. Nursing Research and Practice 2012; Article ID 387428,
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16. Miyamoto GC, Costa LOP, Cabral CMN: Efficacy of the Pilates method for pain and
disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review with
meta-analysis. Braz J Phys Ther 2013; 17:517-532.
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trunk strengthening exercises on health-related quality of life in women with chronic low
back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2016; Feb 16.
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active/passive interventions on pain, anxiety, and quality of life in women with
fibromyalgia: Randomized controlled pilot trial. Women Health 2016; 16:1-20.
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19. Angın E, Erden Z, Can F. The effects of clinical pilates exercises on bone mineral
density, physical performance and quality of life of women with postmenopausal
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osteoporosis. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2015; 28(4):849-858.
20. Borges J, Baptista AF, Santana N, Souza I, Kruschewsky RA, Galvão-Castro B, Sá KN.
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A randomized crossover clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2014; 18(1):68-74.
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Figure 1. The pain scores before and after performing regular and Pilates exercise. The
reduction in the level of pain was found to be significantly greater in the group of pregnant
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Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics among subjects
(n = 20) (n = 20)
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Gestational age (weeks) 29.55 ± 0.98 29.65 ± 1.81 0.828
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Gravidity 1.55 ± 0.74 1.85 ± 0.81 0.235
Profession
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Homemaker 14 (70.00 %) 14 (70.00 %) 1.000
Note: values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Pregnancy complcations including
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HIGHLIGHTS
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