Hacer un esbozo de la gráfica de 𝑓: 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0

2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
2 −1 0 0 𝑥
𝐴 = −1 2 0 𝐵= 0 𝑥= 𝑦
0 0 0 1 𝑧

2 −1 0 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 −1 2 0 𝑦 + 0 0 1 𝑦 =0
0 0 0 𝑧 𝑧

𝑥 𝑡 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑡 𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0, 𝑘 = 0 … … . (1)
𝑆𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐴 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑃 2−𝜆 −1 0
P 𝜆 = 𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 = −1 2−𝜆 0 = −𝜆 𝜆2 − 4𝜆 + 3 = −𝜆 𝜆 − 1 𝜆 − 3 = 0
0 0 0−𝜆
𝜆 = 0, 1, 3
𝜎𝜆=0 :
2 −1 0
𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 𝑥 = 0 𝐴 = −1 2 0
0 0 0
𝐴 − 0𝐼 𝑥 = 0

𝐴𝑥 = 0
2 −1 0 0 2 −1 0 0
𝐴 𝑏 = −1 2 0 0 ~𝑓2 = 2𝑓2 + 𝑓1 0 3 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝑓2: 3𝑦 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0
𝑓1: 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 → 2𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 0 0 0
𝑥 = 𝑦 = 0 = 𝑧 0 → 𝑃1 = 0
𝑧 𝑧 1 1
𝜎𝜆=1 :
2 −1 0
𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 𝑥 = 0 𝐴 = −1 2 0
0 0 0
𝐴 − 1𝐼 𝑥 = 0

𝐴−𝐼 𝑥 =0
1 −1 0 0 1 −1 0 0
𝐴 − 𝐼 𝑏 = −1 1 0 0 ~𝑓2 = 𝑓2 + 𝑓1 0 0 0 0
0 0 −1 0 0 0 −1 0
𝑓2: −𝑧 = 0 → 𝑧 = 0
𝑓1: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 1 1 1
𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑦 = 𝑦 1 → 𝑃2 = 1
𝑧 0 1 2 0
𝜎𝜆=3 :
2 −1 0
𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 𝑥 = 0 𝐴 = −1 2 0
0 0 0
𝐴 − 3𝐼 𝑥 = 0

−1 −1 0 0 −1 −1 0 0
𝐴 − 3𝐼 𝑏 = −1 −1 0 0 ~𝑓2 = 𝑓2 − 𝑓1 0 0 0 0
0 0 −3 0 0 0 −3 0
𝑓3: −3𝑧 = 0 → 𝑧 = 0
𝑓1: −𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = −𝑦
𝑥 −𝑦 −1 1 −1
𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑦 = 𝑦 1 → 𝑃3 = 1
𝑧 0 1 2 0
 0 1 1 −1
0 1 1 0 0
1 2
𝑃 = 𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃3 = 𝑃𝑡 =
2 2 1 1 0
0 0 2
−1 1 0

𝑃𝑡 𝐴𝑃 = 𝐷 → 𝐴 = 𝑃𝐷𝑃𝑡 , 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑡 = 𝑃−1

𝑥 𝑡 𝑃𝐷𝑃𝑡 𝑥 + 𝐵𝑡 𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0

𝑥 𝑡 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑡 𝑥 + 𝑓 = 0
𝑥 𝑡 𝑃𝐷𝑃𝑡 𝑥 + 𝐵𝑡 𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 𝑥 𝑥´ 𝑥 1 0 1 −1 𝑥´
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑥 ′ = 𝑃𝑡 𝑥 → 𝑥 = 𝑃𝑥 ′ 𝑥= 𝑦 𝑥′ = 𝑦 ′ 𝑦 = 0 1 1 𝑦′
𝑧 𝑧 2 2 0 0 𝑧′
𝑧′
𝑦 ′ − z′ 𝑦 ′ + z′
𝑥= ,𝑦 = , 𝑧 = 𝑥′
2 2
𝑆𝑒 ℎ𝑎 ℎ𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠
𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑃 0
𝑡 𝑡 ′ 𝐵= 0
𝑥′ 𝐷 𝑥′ + 𝐵 𝑃𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0
1
0 0 0
𝐷= 0 1 0
0 0 3
0 1 −1 1
𝑑´ 𝑒 ′ 𝑓′ = 𝐵𝑡 𝑃 = 0 0 1 0 1 1 = 1 0 0
2 0 0 2
2 2 2
𝜆1 𝑥 ′ + 𝜆2 𝑦 ′ + 𝜆3 𝑧 ′ + 𝑑′ 𝑥 ′ + 𝑒 ′ 𝑦 ′ + 𝑓𝑧 ′ + 𝑘 = 0
2 2 2
0𝑥 ′ + 1 𝑦 ′ + 3𝑧 ′ + 1𝑥 ′ + 0𝑦 ′ + 0𝑧 ′ + 𝑘 = 0
𝑘=0
2 2 2 2
𝑦 ′ + 3𝑧 ′ + 𝑥 ′ = 0 → 𝑥 ′ = −𝑦 ′ − 3𝑧 ′
 𝑧
0 1 1 −1
𝑃 = 𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃3 = 0 1 1 𝑥′
2 2 0 0

0 1/ 2 −1/ 2
𝑃 = 0 1/ 2 1/ 2 𝑧′
1 0 0

𝑦
𝑥 ′ = −𝑦 ′2 − 3𝑧 ′2

𝐸𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙í𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑦′
2 2
𝑥 ′ = −𝑦 ′ − 3𝑧 ′
𝐸𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙í𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜