Engineering Mathematics-III (common for CSE and IT)

Unit-I – SET
1. Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false
(a)   
(b)   {}
(c)   
(d) {}  {}
(e) {a, b}  {a, b, c, {a, b, c}}
(f) {a, b}  {a, b, {{a, b}}}
(g) {a, b}  {a, b, {{a, b}}}
2. Determine the following sets
(a)   {}
(b)   {}
(c) {}  {a, , {}}
(d) {}  {a, , {}}
3. What can you say about the sets P and Q if
(a) P  Q = P
(b) P  Q = P
(c) P  Q = P
(d) P  Q = P  Q
4. If |A| = 5 and |B| = 10, find the maximum and minimum number of elements in A  B and
A  B.
5. Let Dn denote the set of natural numbers that divide n exactly. Write down the sets D60;
D84 and D60  D84. Find the number m such that Dm = D60  D84. Is it true that for any
natural numbers r and s there is a natural number m such that Dm = Dr  Ds.

6. If A, B and C are sets, prove both analytically and graphically, that

(a) A – (B  C) = (A - B)  (A - C)
(b) A  (B - C) = (A  B) – (A  C)
(c) A – (B  C) = (A - B)  (A - C)
7. Prove the following analytically or graphically:
(a) A – (A  B) = A - B
(b) A  B = (A - B)  (B - A) = (A  B) – (A  B)
8. A computer company wants to hire 25 programmers to handle systems programming jobs
and 40 programmers for applications programing. Of those hired, ten will be expected to
perform jobs of both type. How many programmers must be hired?
9. A survey has been taken on methods of commuter travel. Each respondent was asked to
check Bus, Train or Automobile as a major method of travelling to work. More than one
answer was permitted. The results reported were as follows: Bus 30 people; Train 35
 people; Automobile 100 people; Bus and train 15 people; Bus and Automobile 15 people;
train and automobile 20 people and all three methods 5 people. How many people
completed a survey form?
10. In a survey of 260 college students, the following data were obtained:
64 had taken a mathematics course; 94 had taken a computer science course; 58 had taken
a business course; 28 had taken both a mathematics and business course; 26 had taken both
a mathematics and a computer science course; 22 had taken both a computer science and a
business course; and 14 had taken all three types of courses.
(a) How many students were surveyed who had taken none of the three types of courses?
(b) Of the students surveyed, how many had taken only a computer science course?

11. The Journalism class recently took a survey to determine where the city’s people obtained
their news. Unfortunately, some of the reports were damaged. What we know is that 88
people said they obtained their news from television, 73 from the local paper, and 46 from
a news magazine. Thirty-four people reported that they obtained news from television and
the local paper, 16 said they obtained their news from television and a news magazine, and
12 obtained theirs from the local paper and a news magazine. A total of five people
reported that they used all three media. If 166 people were surveyed, how many use none
of the three media to obtain their news? How many obtain their news from a news magazine
exclusively?
12. In a psychology experiment, the subjects under study were classified according to body
type and gender as follows:
Endomorph Ectomorph Mesomorph

Male 72 54 36

Female 62 64 38

(a) How many male subjects were there?

(b) How many subjects were ectomorphs?
(c) How many subjects were either female or endomorphs?
(d) How many subjects were not male mesomorphs?
13. Suppose that 100 of the mathematics students at a college take at least one of the languages
French, German and Russian. Also suppose 60 study French; 40 study German; 37 study
Russian; 15 study French and German; 20 study French and Russian; 10 study German and
Russian. Draw Venn diagram and fill in the number of students in each region.
14. Let A={1,2,3,4,5,6}. Find whether or not each of the following is a partition of A
(a) P= [{1,2,3},{2,3,4,5,6}]
(b) P= [{1,2},{3,5,6}]
(c) P= [{1,3,5},{2,4,},{6}]
(d) P= [{1,3,5},{2,4,6,7}]
15. Let R be a binary relation on the set of all strings of 0s and 1s such that R = {(a, b)/ a and
b are strings that have the same number of 0s}. Is R reflexive? Symmetric?
Antisymmetric? Transitive? An equivalence relation? A partial ordering relation?

16. Let R be a binary relation on set of books such that (a, b) is in R, if a costs more and
contains fewer pages than book b. In general, is R is reflexive? Symmetric?
Antisymmetric? Transitive?
17. Give an example of relation that is (a) both symmetric and antisymmetric;
(c) Neither symmetric nor antisymmetric
(d) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
(e) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
(f) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
(g) Equivalence relation
(h) Partial ordering relation
18. If R is the relation on the set of positive integers such that (a, b)  R  a2 + b is even.
Prove that R is equivalence relation.
19. (a) If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}  {1, 2, 3, 4} and the relation R is defined on A by (a, b)R(c, d) 
a + b = c + d, verify that R is an equivalence relation on A also find the quotient set of A
by R.
(b) If the relation R on ℤ is defined by aRb if a  b (mod 4) find the partition of ℤ by R.

20. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 12}. Consider the partial order of divisibility on A. That is for a and
b  A, a ≤ b if and only if a|b. Draw the Hasse diagram of the poset (A, ≤).

21. Let S = {a, b, c} and A = P(S). Draw the Hasse diagram of the poset A with the partial
order .

22. Write the ordered pairs in the relation determined by the Hasse diagram on the set
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
4

3
1 2
23. Determine the Hasse diagram of the relation on A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} whose matrix is shown:
1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1
 
0 0 1 1 1
 
0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 1

24. Determine the matrix of the partial order whose hasse diagram is given

2 3 4 5

25. Let A = {a1, a2, a3}; B = {b1, b2, b3}; C = {c1, c2} and D = {d1, d2, d3, d4}. Consider the
following four functions, A to B; A to D; B to C and D to B respectively:
(a) f1 = {(a1, b2), (a2, b3), (a3, b1)}
(b) f2 = {(a1, d2), (a2, d1), (a3, d4)}
(c) f3 = {(b1, c2), (b2, c2), (b3, c1)}
(d) f4 = {(d1, b1), (d2, b2), (d3, b1)}
Determine whether each function is one-to-one, whether each function is onto and whether
each function is everywhere defined.
26. Let A = B = ℝ, the set of real numbers. Let f: A → B be given by the formula
1 1
f(x) = 2x3 – 1 and let g: B → A be given by g(y) = y  . Show that f is a bijection
3
2 2
between A and B and g is a bijection between B and A.
27. Let f(x, y) = (2x – y, x – 2y), where (x, y)  ℝ  ℝ
(a) Show that f is one to one
(b) Find f -1
28. Let f(n) be the maximum of n and 50, n  ℤ+. Determine whether f is one to one or onto
(or both or neither).
29. Let A = {0, 1} and define a1  a2 = a1 +2 a2. Let B = {1, 0}. Define f: A → B by f(0) = 1
and f(1) = 0.
(a) Prove or disprove that f(a1  a2) = max{f(a1), f(a2)}
(b) Prove or disprove that f(a1  a2) = min{f(a1), f(a2)}