SPLN 18B:1979 Lampiran Surat Keputusan Direksi PLN, PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK.NEGARA No. 134/D1R/79, Tangyal 3 Desember 1979 1EC PUBLICATION: First edition 1976 Application guide for on-load tap.changers Pedoman penerapan pengubah sadapan berbeban DEPARTEMEN PERTAMBANGAN DAN ENERGI PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK NEGARA Ze JALAN TRUNOJOYO BLOK M 1/135- KEBAYORAN BARU - JAKARTAon ew STANDAR SPLN 18B:1979 PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK NEGARA [Lampiran Surat Keputusan Direksi PLN. No. 124/91R/79, Tanggal 3 Desember 1979 1EC Publication 542 First Edition 1976 APPLICATION GUIDE FOR ON-LOAN TAP:CHANGERS PEDUMAN PENERAPAN PENGUBAH SADAPAN BERBEBAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1the, Englisn version::ot IEG Puptiéation 542 Is adopted as 2 PLN standard: gecording to’ decree of the PLN Board of Director No,.134/01R/79, Sed, December 1979 DThie English valtion’ Gi 1EC Publication 642 f reproduced IW.R50' copies tor use as company standard, by permission of International Eleét ovechnical Commission as stated in a letter ‘of the Ganerat Secretary dated 12th, July 1979, Copyright INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION Geneve, 1076 Issued by DEPARTEMEN PERTAMBANGAN & ENERGI PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK NEGARA, Jokarta, 1982ves OB APR 1999CONTENTS Page Foreword Clause 1. Scope gougqgaco cee eee 2. Selection of a tap-changer 21 Generalremarks 2... eee eee ed a 2.2. Insulation level a0 eae 23 Current 2 ee ee a rn 24° Breaking capacity Lee 2.5 Number of tapping positions... 6... US 2.6 Discharge problems with change-over selector’. jajun, +s 27 Mechanicallife . 2... 2.8 Motordiive mechanism 2.9 Pressure and vacuum tests ge NEE Pe ee 2.10 Lowetemperature conditions 2 SeosuosHeoas 2.11 Continuous operation . . 3. Location of oil-immersed tapichangeficomponents . 2" as. 3.1 Tapselectors . ss 3.2. Diverter and seftctor sitched.. 6... gL a 3.3 Oil level alam contacts 2s... ee ee ee 4, Field service. 2 a Le 41 Saféty of paration 1. Se 4.2 Parallel operation Pw a eee 43° Contact erdsion and off contamination ee ee 5. Information'requifed with enquiry or order. dA Rating adi@.genéial data ee 5.2 Insulation level. . 5.3. Pressure, vacuunt'and tetiperature requirements. Sale Gpecial en ee oouuocnd Fittings ART ANNA RRR ERR eR YEOH HEN EE 6 Motor-drive mechanismINTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION APPLICATION GUIDE FOR ON-LOAD TAP-CHANGERS FOREWORD 1 The formal decisions of axreements ofthe TE C on technieal matters, prepared hy Technical Committees on whic all the National Committees having a special interest therein ae represented, exDress. a8 nearly as possible, an international ennsensis af exinian fn the subjects dealt with. 2) They have the form of recommendations for international we and they are aggepred by the Nidal Committees in that sense 3) In order to promote international unification, the IE C expresses the wish thatall ‘Nalianal Committees should adopt the text of the LE C recommendation for thei national rules in so far as national:conditionvail'berit. Any divergence hetween the TFC ‘ecommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly indicated inthe later. PREFACE: This publication has been prepaved by-Sub-Cominittge 14B, On-load Tap-changers, of TE C Technical Com- mittee No. 14, Power Transformers It constitutes an application guidéfor on-laad sap-changers A first draft was discussed.ai the meeting licld in Brussels in 1971, and a second draft was discussed at the meeting held in Paris in 1973: A&.a resuit‘ct-this meeting, a:draft, Document 14B(Central Office)9, was submitted to the National Committees for.apptayal under the Six Mosths’-Rule in May 1974, The following couiitries voted explicitly in favour of pblicatign: ‘Australi Norway Avsttia Poland Relginm, Portugal Czechoslovakia Romania Denmark South Aftica (Republic of) ‘Finland Spain rie Sweden ‘Germany Switzerland Huitgary Turkey Italy Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Japan United Kingdom Netherlands United States of America Other LE C publications quoted inthis publication: Publication Nos, 761. Rower Tuausforsmers, Part 12 General Part 4: Tappings and Connections Part 5: Ability to Withstand Short Circuit 21d: Ondload Tap-changees (cond edition). X64 Loading Guide for Oilimmorsed TransformersAPPLICATION GUIDE FOR OD LOAD TAP-CHANGERS 1 Seupe This application guide is intended to assist in the selection of suitable onclond tap-changers for use in conjunction with the tapped windings of transformers or reactors which, in the following text, are refereed to as transformers As in the second edition of IE C Publication 214, On-load Tap-changers (sevisiun uf Publication 214 (1966)), the designation “on-load tap-changer” is shortened to “tap-changer” in the remainder of this guide and all the tap-changers referred to shall be presumed to comply with the requirements specified in I E C Publication 214. The recommendations of the application guide are not mandatory and only represent advice fo the tap-changer manufacturer and purchaser, The responsibility for the correct application of the fully assembled tap-changer in connection with the transformer is with the manufacturer of the transformer. 2, Selection of a tap-changer 2A General remarks Since the tap-changer represents only a small part of the total cost of the equipment in which itis used, it should he available standard types of be freely chosen 10 suit the equipment. However, acceunt should be taken of tap-changers Insulation level The following vatues occurring on all tapping positions of the transformer should be checked against the tap- changer manufacturer's declared values in accordance with Sub-clause 8.6.4 of IE C Publication 214: 1) Normal power-frequency operating voltages appearing on the tap-changer in service 2) Power-frequency voltages appearing on the tap-changer during tests on the transformer, 3) Impulse voltages appearing on tire tap-changer during tests on the transformer or in service. Note. — With some winding arrangements, the voltages appeaing on the isinsformer ean be abnormally high, €. polit tappings fn auto-ransformers, Hine-end tappings, and boost rangements These vnltapes ean be affected considerably hy the choise of linear, coarse/fine oF reversing tapping arrangements, Methods 0 catering for voltage variation which involve variatians in the magnetic fx in the transformer core ean alzo affect the voltages inpeiting on various parts of the tapschanger (we IF C Publietion 76, Power Traastorme). 2.3. Current ‘The tap-changer should satisfy the following conditions: 23.1 Rated through-current The rated through-current of the tap-changer as defined in Sub-clause 4.17 of IE C Publication 214 should be Jess than that resulting trom the highest value of tapping current of the tapped winding of the translormer (in -cordanice with Sub-clause 4.2 of LE C Publication 76-1, Part 1: General).2.3.2 Overload current When tap-changers are fitted on transformers which are subjected (0 overload conditions in accordance with LEC Publication 354, Loading Guide for Oil-immersed Transformers. they should generally be restricted to the occasional overload conditions stated in Sub-clause 4.2 of I EC Publication 76-1, unless specifically ordered for other overload conditions by the transformer manufacturer. The above requis a) Ifthe maximum rated through-current of the tap-changer is at least 1.2 times the highest tapping current of the transformer, oF )) ifthe tap-changer manufacturer is able to demonstrate that the temperatuegstise limits given in Sub-clause 8.1 of Publication 214 ate not exceeded when the contacts carry 1.2 times the maximum, rated throngh-enreent (The values of current to apply for the other tests of Clause 8 of Publiation 214 Femiin based on the value of the maximum rated through-eurrent) ‘The number of tap-changes for each occasional overload period should’ be fintited to the number of operations corresponding (9 one-half of one complete operating eycle andthe peak igmperature rise of the transition resistors should not exceed 360 °C for airenvironment tap-changers’G 300°C for sil-environment tap-changers. Where tap-changers are subject to overload condjtions‘tot in itcvordance with the limitations stated in LEC Publication 76-1 with regard ro the loading guide tanibil-immiersed teansformers, the tap-changer manufacturer should be consulted and given the current magnitude vid, duration so that the correct tap-changer can be recom icnded for the duty required 23.3, Short-cireuit current ‘The short-circuit current.of the tap-chanece as given,ifl Sub-clause. 8.3 of LE C Publication 214 should be not less than that resulting.from the Ovégcurfent of the disocigt#:trafisformer as given in Sub-clause 1.2 of IEC Publication 76-5, Part'S: Ability t:\Withstand Shost Ciscuit Note, ~ Partculst care SBaild be diken ra chek, this Surrent olf low-impedance and booster trans Faul-eurrent value roul lotate ihe cholde.oftapechanget, snes. Tn some instances, the 24° Breaking capsivity The highest tapping cazrent and the voliaze per step of the transformer should be within the values of rated through-current and relevait.rated step voltage declared by the tap-changer manufacturer for the particular tap. changer. For values outside of those declared, the tap-changer manufacturer should be consulted. For application to transformers with several different curcents and step voltages, the transition impedance should be designed so that the switched current and recovery voltage in the tap-changer do not exceed thoye covered by che type tests. ‘Note, — Ist applications, sash as furnace ansformers, te tap-changer may be called upon, it required, to operate during periods fof momentacy overloads uf te ty thie tives the W arsforier couniulus mantnum rating. The civerter switch oF seector switch should be chosen so that itis eapuble of mecting this condition, Wieie appropriate, consideration should be given 10 the effect on the step voltage, and in consequence on the breaking capacity, of methods of voltage variation giving vaviations in te aaginae Ru inthe transformer core. 25 Number of tapping positions ‘The number of inherent tapping positions of the tap-changers is generally -tandardized with various manu- facturers' equipment. The selection of the number of service tapping positions should preferably he made within that range.As the extent of the tapping range increases, the vol precautions be taken t0 avoid excessive voliages over the tapping range when operating or testing at mini winding positions. The effect can be very marked on furnace and rectifier transformers feeding cleetrolytic plants where wide tapping ranges are often necessary and the tap-changer is in the constant voltage winding, ie. wide variations in the magnetic flux in the transformer core occur. 26 Discharge problems with change-over selectors 1 chowld he noted that, under certain conditions, tap-changere with change-over celestors can allow momentary disconnection of the tapped winding. In such cases, diseluryes Letween the opening and closing contacts can occur during the operation of the change-over selector, and in order to avoid diflculties with regard to the dielectric stress and the formation of gases which could arise when the tap-changer operates under high voltage to earth, special precautions will he necessary There are many different methods of overcoming the problem but some smples are the use of two-way change-over selectors, control sesisturs, v1 capacitive bontrobbeween the main winding and the tapped portion of the winding, 2.7 Mechanical life The mechanical duty may need consideration if the expected ambet'ef operations per anu exceeds 20000, for example, this can occur on transformers for use on rolliny-mills, electedlytic plants or furnace supplies 28 Motoradrive mechanism, If the motor-drive mechanism is purchagid from a mantifacturer other than the manufacturer of the tap-changer, then it is the purchaser's responsibility:te, ensure: that che motor-drive mechanism is suitable for all its necessary duties. 29° Pressure and vacuum, testy Where applicable, the tap-chiinger ighen fully asseribled'Bas & withstand all the pressure and vacuum tests of s associated transformer. In suchieases, all the #leyant information should be given in the order to the manu acturer of the tgp-chasiger. 210 Low-téinperature ceiditienis Should the tap selectins divétter cwitchoc of Selector switches be located in separate containers outside the transformer tank, isfair, atid’the ambient temperature can be lower than ~25°°C, it is advisuble to specify the Guulity of the insulating’andfor lubricating®oils Should the tap selectors, diverter switches or selector switches be located inside the transformer tank and the oi temperature can be lower than “28:°C during operation, the tap-changer manufacturer shall he consulted, taking the quality of the transformer oil into consideration, If necessary, automatically controlled heating devices could be provided of, alternatively, means of preventing rap-change operation at abuounally low temperatures unay be considered, 211 Continuous operation Af the tap-changer is required to operate continuously. the temperature conditions may need ta he checked and he tap-changer manufacturer should be consulted,3. Location of oil-immersed tap-changer components 3.1 Tap selectors Unless otherwise agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tap selectors may be located within the main transformer oil. 3.2 Diverter and selector switches To prevent contamination of the main transformer of}, oilimmersed diverter of selector switches should be in a separate container which may be located inside or outside the main transformer oil. When located in the main transformer oil, it is not necessary for the container to be absolutely oiltight, providing that precautions are taken to avoid any mixture of the switch oil with the transformer oil and that the oil in the container can be changed easily without lowering the oil level in the transformer tank. Where appropriate, aigiangements should be made for it to be made clear in the transformer maintenance instructions that the main transformer oil should not be drained until all of the oil has been removed from the diverter switch contaitée, If an oil-tight container is required, it should be specified by the purchaser 33. Oil level alarm contacts If oil level alarm contacts are required, they should be'epecifd bythe purchaser. 4, Fleld service 4.1 Safety of operatton 1) Such protective devices asimiay-be eoisidered necessary’ shouts be connected in accordance with the manu- facturer’s instructions. by : 2) In order to minimjzé'switehing iuiider cxcessive.verldad Or shdft-circuit conditions, itis recommended that, 4n the case of motor Control, a projective device sttould.be fitted to prevent, or if iittated interrupt, an operation of the motor-drisé mechanistit when the transfarmer toad expeeds the agreed value. ‘Nore. — In she case of tssnual-coatroly: protective devices are Aot considered necessary as it is not normal practice to tap-change ually during ptzidds 4 Overload aid the probability of coincidence of a tapchange operation under short-ireult con aions 8 negligible 4.2 Parallel operation: In the case of paraliétoperation of transformers with tapped windings, care should be taken by the manufacturer and the user of the transfiymer to efisure that the currents circulating between the transformers are limited to an acceptable value. 4.3. Contact eroston and ot! contamination ap-changers have expendable items in their construction and the manufacturer's figures should be noted for maintenance periods in terms of time and in numbers of operations. Generally, expected contact life for a particular ‘ap.changer is given at maximum rated through current. If the load ourrent of the transformer is less tham this value, contact life is increased. The number of operations before oil-change is necessary is conditional on the oil being in good condition originally and maintained in a dry state.—5- For good utilization of the tap-changer, it is necessary to follow the maintenance instruction book of the (ap- changer manufacturer, which generally gives the above as a function of: 1) rated through-current; 2) the service duty of the transformer. 5. Information required with enquiry or order In order that the correct tap-changer can be specified, the following information should be given by the trans- former manufacturer 3.1 Rating and general dara L. Relevant specificution ‘Number of tap-changers required. Single or polyphase units. Number of phases in system . Frequency Rated power, in kilovaltamperes, of apparatus:to which the lijp-changer is to be connected. Rated voltage of the winding to which the tap-changei 6 %'Be connected Winding connections Tapping range required. given wi geisentsSbove,gad below the rated soltage of the winding, (See Sub- clause 2.5 of ICE Publication .b-4f2irt 4. Lappings'and Connections.) 10, Number of service tapping pgsitétts requitsl’ the numbering of these positions and their identification with reference to the transfornier. tapp 63% 11. Tapping arrangement (jc. lind, reversing or coarsesfine) 12, Position of tappings it winddg (@' line end, mide, neitéal point) 13. Highest tapping cuérent dE. the winding to.which the tapShanger is to be connected (see TEC Publi- cation 76-1, Subsélaiise 3.5.3.5). 14, Maximus value aiid:dutation of shortreiseuif'Garrent passing through the taprchanger. 15, Phase'voltage per step fif the step voltae varies-over the range, give full details, together with associated currents). 16,On neutralspoidi iap-changéts, whether one neutral terminal or three separate neutral terminals are realiired. 17. The, povidi-ffeginsney’ Voltage appéitting between the opening and closing contacts of the change-over selector. Bee Sub-cliuse 2.6 of this guide:) Note. ~The poweésteaietey voltage hast components, ie. sn inductive component and a epactive component, during the time 5.2. Insulation level ‘The following impulse voltage aud power-fieyuency vollage test valucs should be given: 1, Highest voltage between the extreme tappings and, where applicable, the highest voltage between the ends of the coarse tapping winding section and the fine tapping section. 2, Highest voltage between the most onerously stressed tapping and earth 3 Highest voltage between tappings of adjacent phases. 4, Highest voltage between the diverter switch and earth, 5. Highest voltage between phases of the diverter switch, 6. Highest voltage between open diverter switch contacts Note, —1f applicable, partial discharge and switching impulse levels should be given.Pressure, vacuum and temperature requirements 1. Maximum working pressure when oil-filled, Maximum pressure during oil tects on the apparatus. 3. Maximum vacuum to be applied 4. Type of processing, maximum temperature, vaomm and dirvtion if the tap-chinger is fitted hefore this operation. 5. Temperatures in special environments, e.g. noise enclosures, e 6, Minimum oporating temperatures and details of any special low-temperature req iirements if below —25 °C 54 De cliuse 2.3.2 of this guide), ls of periods of overload, v: lue and duration (see “C Publi igh. 351, Glquse 3, and Sub Details of duty of apparatus, c.g. di tribution traasformer, a s Furnace traivsforme'. ete. 3. Details of transport of transformer. 4. Any special requirements of the spe-ification 38 Finings hhems not covered by the tap-changer manufséturer\'siand iri,» 9. valves, efe., should he pecified 5.6 Motor-drive mechanism To enable the correct controf:devices is'be included in ths mc tor-drive mechanism the f illest possible details of th: control scheme should be'given b. the purchaser,.4%€ udii 2 which. if any, of the fol owing basic control functions are required, toygthe#with the ype of device neccss.tty or the fu rction. Local electrical denitgol ang. indication, Remote clesitici. convo] and indication Local agitomatie édnygot ind Indication, wit'br Withew tin-crop compensation Remote automatic control and indic itig,,withgr:witlo ut li ve drop ¢ »mpensation. Paiallel'cantrol of two or inore Gan formers, ‘Supervisct¥icdiitral’and indicétion’ whe eee Mn the ease ef seinote sind supervis iy control and ind cat 1, the approximate distance beoween the ta chatiger ad the Gomtrof paint should bestated. 8. Supplier of Corttroivear 9. Auxiliaryssupily details for,cléctrical motor and cont of «qripmen’, i.e. normal vottage, maximum and minimum voltage limits if nog;within the standard limits given i (EC P iblication 2:4, Sub-clause 11.2, a.c. or dc, Ia.c,, frequéiiey, number of phases and availability of neutral poin