Here is the definition of the logarithm function.

In this definition y=logbx is called the logarithm form and by=x is called the exponential form.

Note that the requirement that x>0 is really a result of the fact that we are also requiring b>0. If you
think about it, it will make sense. We are raising a positive number to an exponent and so there is no
way that the result can possibly be anything other than another positive number. It is very important to
remember that we can’t take the logarithm of zero or a negative number.