BIOGRAPHIES OF 10 AUTHORS

By Abdul Rafay Of 10-B

Edgar Allan Poe: was one of the most important and influential American
writer, editor, and literary critic of the 19th century. Much of Poe's work
was inspired by the events that happened around him. He was born on
January 19, 1809 in Boston. Poe was the second child of actors David and
Elizabeth Poe. His father abandoned the family in 1810, and his mother
died the following year. He was then taken in by John and Frances Allan
And he was with them well into young adulthood. Tension developed later
as John Allan and Edgar Poe repeatedly clashed over debts, and the cost of
Poe's secondary education. He attended the University of Virginia but left
after a year due to lack of money.
It was at this time that his publishing career began with the anonymous
collection Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827). He married his 13-year-old
cousin, Virginia Clemm, in 1836. His Famous work included The Raven
(1845), The Black Cat (1843), The Fall of the House of Usher (1839),
Annabel Lee (1849). "The Fall of the House of Usher" is a narrative short
story included in the collection Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque in
1840. Poe wrote it because he may have become inspired by events that
took place years before he was born, in the year 1800. "The Fall of the
House of Usher" is considered among Poe's most famous works of prose
though was criticized for being too formulaic. The death of Edgar Allan
Poe on October 7, 1849, has remained mysterious since the cause of death
is disputed. On October 3, the American author was found delirious in
Baltimore, Maryland.
Stephen Crane: One of America's most influential realist writers, Stephen Crane,
born in New Jersey on November 1, 1871, produced works that have been credited
with establishing the foundations of modern American naturalism. Crane is also
known for his poetry, journalism, and short stories such as "The Open
Boat", "The Blue Hotel", "The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky", and The
Monster. His writing made a deep impression on 20th-century writers,
most prominent among them Ernest Hemingway, and is thought to have
inspired the Modernists and the Imagists.
Born November 1, 1871, in Newark, New Jersey. He began
writing at the age of four and had published several articles by the age of
16. Crane's first novel was the 1893 Bowery tale Maggie: A Girl of the
Streets, generally considered by critics to be the first work of American
literary Naturalism. In 1896, Crane endured a highly publicized scandal
after appearing as a witness in the trial of a suspected prostitute, an
acquaintance named Dora Clark. Late that year he accepted an offer to
travel to Cuba as a war correspondent. His famous works included The
Red Badge of Courage (1895), Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893), The
Open Boat (1897), The Blue Hotel (1898), War is Kind (1896). His
Short story “The Open Boat” was based on Crane's experience of
surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida. Crane was stranded at sea
for thirty hours when his ship, the SS Commodore, sank after hitting a
sandbar. He and three other men were forced to navigate their way to
shore in a small boat. Plagued by financial difficulties and ill health,
Crane died of tuberculosis in a Black Forest sanatorium in Germany at
the age of 28.
Edith Wharton: American author best known for her stories and novels
about the upper-class society into which she was born. She also worked
as a playwright, and designer. Wharton drew upon her insider's
knowledge of the upper-class New York "aristocracy" to realistically
portray the lives and morals of the Gilded Age. She Was born on
January 24, 1862 in New York City. Wharton wrote and told stories
from an early age. When her family moved to Europe and she was just
four or five she started what she called "making up." Wharton keenly
observed the social changes happening around her which appeared
later in her writing. Wharton officially came out as a debutante to
society in 1879. Wharton married in 1885. Her Family abandoned her
reading and writing but he somehow managed to write some best
work.
His famous work included The Age of Innocence (1920), Ethan
Frome (1911), The House of Mirth (1905), Roman Fever (1934). The
Moving Finger is a short story written by Edith Wharton which was first
published in 1901 in the Crucial Instances collection. She was the first
woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature in 1921. She was
inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1996. he died on
August 11, 1937, age 75 at Pavillon Colombe.
Ray Bradbury: was an american author and screenwriter. He worked in
variety of genres, including fiction, horror, mystrey, fantasy, science
fiction.though he hated himself to be classified as a science fiction
author. Bradbury was born on August 22, 1920 in Waukegan, Illinois.
throughout his youth, Bradbury was an avid reader and writer[12] and
knew at a young age. Bradbury's first published story was
"Hollerbochen's Dilemma", which appeared in the January 1938.
Predominantly known for writing the iconic dystopian novel Fahrenheit
451 (1953), and his science-fiction and horror-story collections, The
Martian Chronicles (1950), Bradbury was one of the most celebrated
20th- and 21st-century American writers. "There Will Come Soft Rains"
is a short story by science fiction author Ray Bradbury which was first
published in the May 6, 1950 issue of Collier's. Later that same year the
story was included in Bradbury's The Martian Chronicles (1950). He
wrote this story to make human aware of the consequensce of
technology. Recipient of numerous awards, including a 2007 Pulitzer
Citation, Bradbury also wrote and consulted on screenplays and
television scripts, including Moby Dick and It Came from Outer Space.
Many of his works were adapted to comic book, television, and film
formats. Bradbury suffered a stroke in 1999[73] that left him partially
dependent on a wheelchair for mobility.[74] Despite this, he continued
to write, and had even written an essay for The New Yorker, about his
inspiration for writing, published only a week prior to his death. He died
in new york After long illness in 2012.
Alex La Guma: was a black novelist of south Africa during the
apartheid era. La Guma was born in District Six, Cape Town, South
Africa. He was. the leader of the South African Colored People’s
Organization (SACPO) and a defendant in the Treason Trial. His works
helped characterize the movement against the apartheid era in South
Africa. La Guma's vivid style, distinctive dialogue, and realistic,
sympathetic portrayal of oppressed groups have made him one of the
most notable South African writers of the 20th century. He published his
first short story, "Nocturn", in 1957 He was known for his brief works,
for instance, “A Work In A Night”, “The Stone Country”, And “The
Lennon orchard”. His novels and short stories exposed the apartheid to
an international audience. He wrote “The Lemmon Orchard” to reveal
the discrimination of educated black men. La Guma’s high reputation is
based on his vivid style, his colorful dialogue, and his ability to present
sympathetically and realistically people living under sordid and
oppressive circumstances. His short stories were banned in his own
countries. he was arrested many times and eventually exiled to Cuba. In
his later years he served as the representative of the African National
Congress in Cuba. La Guma was awarded the 1969 Lotus Prize for
Literature. He died in 1985.
Bernard MacLaverty: (born 14 September 1942) is an Irish writer of
fiction. His novels include Lamb, Cal, Grace Notes and The Anatomy
School. He worked as a medical laboratory technician and was a mature
student at Queen's University Belfast. He lived there until 1975 when he
moved to Scotland with his wife, Madeline, and four children (Ciara,
Claire, John, and Jude). He currently lives in Glasgow.
His first published work, Secrets & Other Stories (1977), is a collection
of short stories, and from this point MacLaverty has received strong
praise His famous work includes Midwinter Break (2017), Cal (1983),
Grace Notes (1997), The anatomy school (2001), Lamb (1980). He has
written versions of his fiction for other media - radio plays, television
plays, screenplays and libretti. In 2003 he wrote and directed a short film
"Bye-Child". He has also written 2 books for young children: A Man in
Search of a Pet (1978), which he also illustrated; and Andrew
McAndrew (1988). Secrets is a simple short story by Bernard
MacLaverty in which he explores the theme of curiosity, letting go,
guilt, love, innocence and forgiveness. Throughout his writing career he
has engaged with the long-term effects of British imperialism, the
influence of Catholicism and the damage caused by sectarian violence.
Award from Scottish Arts Council, 1978, for Secrets and Other Stories.
An

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John Mcgahern: John McGahern, (born November 12, 1934, Dublin,
Ireland—died March 30, 2006, Dublin), Irish novelist and short-story
writer known for his depictions of Irish men and women constricted and
damaged by the conventions of their native land. McGahern was the son
of a policeman who had once been a member of the Irish Republican
Army (IRA). While taking evening courses at University College (B.A.,
1957) in Dublin, he worked as a teacher. His first published novel The
Barracks (1963). McGahern is noted for his accomplished, effortless
style and his keen observations of the human heart and of Irish society.
His famous work included Amongst Women (1990), The Dark (1965),
That They may Face the Rising Sun (2002). The Dark which was banned
by the Irish Censorship Board. McGahern is also considered a master of
the Irish tradition of the short story. Several collections were published
as well as Love of the World, a collection of non-fiction essays.
His short story “the Stoat” conveys the theme of selfishness,
fear, responsibility, rejection and honesty. “The Stoat” has a fascinating
textual history. McGahern's work has been very influential in Ireland and
elsewhere. A younger generation of Irish writers, such as Colm Tóibín,
have been influenced by his writing. His work has been translated into
many languages, in particular French. He got 1962 AE Memorial Award
(Irish Arts Council). He died in December 2006 due to cancer.
Patricia grace: (born Aug. 17, 1937, Wellington, N.Z.), New Zealand
writer who was a foundational figure in the rise and development of
Maori fiction. She attended Wellington Teachers’ Training College and
Victoria University of Wellington and began a career as a teacher of
English as a second language. While teaching and raising her seven
children, Grace joined a writing club and began to publish her stories.
Her first published short stories were in Te Ao Hou and the New
Zealand Listener. Although Grace has always identified herself as a
Maori, she writes in English. in 1984 Grace gave up teaching to become
a full-time writer. She returned to adult fiction with the novel Potiki
(1986), about Maori respect and feeling for environment.
Her famous work included Potiki (1986), Dogside Story
(2001), Waiariki (1975), Baby no-eyes (1998), Chappy (2015). Her short
story “Journey” is a description of life's journey of progress which
explores the theme of change, powerlessness, frustration, responsibility
and acceptance. Grace currently lives in Hongoeka Bay, Plimmerton. n
2006, she was one of three honorees awarded the Prime Minister's
Awards for Literary Achievement. She has been described as "a key
figure in contemporary world literature and in Maori literature in
English." She was awarded the 2008 Neustadt International Prize for
Literature.
Janet Frame: Janet Frame, in full Janet Paterson Frame Clutha, (born
August 28, 1924, Dunedin, New Zealand leading New Zealand writer of
novels, short fiction, and poetry. Her works were noted for their
explorations of alienation and isolation. She wrote novels, short stories,
poetry, juvenile fiction, and an autobiography. Frame was born to a
railroad worker and a sometime-poet who had been a maid for the
family of writer Katherine Mansfield. Her early years were marked by
poverty, the drowning death of her sister, and the disruptions created by
her brother’s epilepsy. In 1945, while studying to be a teacher, she
suffered a breakdown. Misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia, she spent
nearly a decade in psychiatric hospitals. From 1947, following the
drowning death of another sister, she endured repeated courses of
electroconvulsive therapy. During that time, she read the classics
voraciously and cultivated her writing talent. In 1951, while still a
patient, Frame’s first book, The Lagoon, was published.
His Famous work included Gezichten In Het Water (1961), Les
hiboux pleurent vraiment (1957), To the Is-Land (1982), The envoy
from mirror city (1985). Her short story “the bath” conveys the theme of
isolation and loneliness. She wrote three volumes of his memoir. She
received inaugural Prime Minster awards for Literary Achievement.
Janet Frame died in Dunedin in January 2004, aged 79.
Tim Winton: Tim Winton, in full Timothy John Winton, (born August
4, 1960, Perth, Australia), Australian author of both adult and children’s
novels that evoke both the experience of life in and the landscape of his
native country. He was born in Karrinyup, a suburb of Perth, Western
Australia. He moved with his family at age of 12 to the regional city of
Albany. Winton had decided by age 10 to be a writer. He studied
creative writing at the Western Australian Institute of Technology. Tim
Winton began his first novel, An Open Swimmer (1982), at the age of
19, while on a Creative Writing course at Curtin University.
His famous works includes Cloudstreet (1991), Breath (2008),
Dirt Music (2001), The Riders (1994), The Shepherd's Hut (2018). His
Short story “On Her Knees” conveys the theme of pride, dignity, and
hard work. In 1995, Winton’s The Riders was shortlisted for the Man
Booker Prize for Fiction, as was his 2002 book, Dirt Music. Both are
currently being adapted for film. He has won many other prizes,
including the Miles Franklin Award a record four times: for Shallows
(1984), Cloudstreet (1992), Dirt Music (2002) and Breath (2009).
Cloudstreet regularly appears in lists of Australia's best-loved novels.
Winton is actively involved in the Australian environmental movement.
He is a patron of the Australian Marine Conservation Society. He is still
alive and lives in Western Australia.