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Digital Transmission (Line Coding) (Line Coding) : EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission
Digital Transmission (Line Coding) (Line Coding) : EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission
(Line Coding)
x(t) Kx(t-ττ)
δ(t-ττ)
h(t)=Kδ
X(f) H(f)=Kej2ππfττ
Kej2ππfττX(f)
Simple equalizers invert channel distortion
Can enhance noise power
Channel N(f) Equalizer
X(f) H(f) + 1/H(f) X(f)+N(f)/H(f)
-B B
Band Pass Filter
A A
-B2 -B1 B1 B2
Sx(f) |H(f)|2Sx(f)
H(f)
0 τ
Useful for synchronization: |Rx(τ)|≤ Rx(τ)
PSD and autocorrelation FT pairs: Rx(τ)⇔ Sx(f)
bk x (t ) = ∑ akδ (t − kT ) y (t ) = ∑ ak f (t − kT )
Binary Data Impulse k
Pulse k
Line Coding
h(t)=f(t)
Sy(w)=|F(w)|2Sx(w)
where
Now, we can use this to find the PSD of various line codes.
Moreover, both ak and ak+1 are either 1 or -1. So, akak+1 is either 1 or -1.
They are equally likely to be 1 or -1 on the average, out of N terms the product akak+1
is equal to 1 for N/2 terms and is equal to -1 for the remaining N/2 terms.
The decoder merely detects the state of each signal interval and
compares it to the state of the previous signal.
If changed occurred, a 1 is decoded. Otherwise, a 0 is
determined.
dk 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
dk 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
d k −1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
mk 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
dB
-2T –T 0 T 2T 3T
Gauge (diameter)
Probability of Error
Power=A2/2 -4
10
-6
10
SNR=Power/σ2
-8
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2
Signal-to-Noise Ratio=Power/σ