MAJOR GENERAL ISKANDER MIRZA 1955-58 DOMESTIC SUCCESSES * 1956 Constitution * Modernization + Rural development program + Industrialization * Karachi airport established (1955) * Telephone system expanded * Provision in health, education services DOMESTIC FAILURES * One Unit Scheme + Rise of Nationalism in East Pakistan — they realized that they needed to take solid steps to protect their rights + Undemocratic Rule established (Martial Law) + Political instability - changed prime ministers too much FOREIGN SUCCESSES * Establishment of Defence Pacts * Took Kashmir issue in UN FOREIGN FAILURES + USSR backed India over Kashmir issue* Unable to solve Kashmir issue + USSR aid to build a steel mill was put down * Pakistan embassy attacked in Kabul ONE UNIT POLICY REASONS FOR ADOPTION + Better administration * Develop Unity * To counter growing influence of East Pakistan REASON FOR OPPOSITION + East Pakistan found it an attempt to overpower them + Provinces lost their identity + Princely statesmen lost their control REASONS FOR DECLARING MARTIAL LAW IN 1958 * There were a number of Prime Ministers between 1956 and 1958 and it reached a stage when Ayub Khan achieved that status that he felt the army should take control until stability had been restored and questions answered. + East Pakistan's politicians wanted more say in the running of the central government which increasedtension. * The governments were corrupt and very little progress was seen since 1947. + Ayub believed that democracy has failed.