TRANSLATIONS — ¥*
FROM
DRAWING TO BUILDING
Robin Evans.
come to passin which, while on the one hand the drawing might
‘alucd.on the other the propertsrot drawing — its peel
powers in relation co its putative subject, the building — are hardly
recognized at all, Revagnition of the drawing's power as a medium
‘of words is translated from language to turns out, unexpectedly, to be recognition of the drawing’ dstiner
1 the thing that is represented, rather than
sradoxical nor asdissosiative asit
1 tohave the requisite evenness and comtinu- ness front and unlkene
itys things can get bent, bro
that there isa uni
cout mod
sof lost on the way, The asomption itslikenesstoit, which is neith
ce through which meaning may glide with:
sn just a naive delusion, however. Only by
tigation of drawings role in architec
nore words might be spent on langusge; more particu
nnconditional existence inthe frst place can cure, a few
that would have archivecure be like
ofthe pattern of deviations from this imagin- larly, on the common ant
languag snd
guage ff it. All things with conceptual
gest that somethingsimilaroccursinarchitecture dimension are like language, as all grey chings are like elephants
wing and the building, and that a similar suspension. rt deal in architecture may be Tanguagelike without being
of critical dsbeliet is necessary in order to enable architects to per- language. Some mught say thac the recent insistence that archiecture
is only the last wave of s persisenc verbal tide eroding
age to guide our
‘dastherite ofa
while such an isa lang
n done inarchi
of this inexplicitness a curious situation has
sdevilling our ability co see without
‘eli ghe words ofthe poet Pal Valé
recent biography of an American artist, "sing is forgetting the name
‘of the chingone sees? Can we really be ccitain? Might not this pursm
bye in danger of becoming a ridiculous piety? Having recognized tharwomb eet vision, we ae under no mora obligation to expel them
irom it, ven ifthe expulsion could be achieved Is understandable
that inthe incre she integrity oF our awe should imagine ie
contaminated by other forms of communication, jus ai is under
standable tht, in the interest of is agrandizcment, we should
imagine it comparable to language. Bu thisisony to offer excuses for
theponesion of incompatibeidess
Futidiovsner about the purity of vision ates foc fur that all
distinction will be lost as one category forces itself into another. We
Provct because we think tin danger of ing overwhelmed by 2
more powerful agency. With our minds fixed on the predominance of
dimgurge re might even risk enclosing archnerure within fa va
compound, denying it communication with anything else co pre-
serv itsintgrty. Ths would be posible, ye it seems very uae
to occur because, for architecture, even in the solitude of pretended
tutonony there one unfalngcomrnuicant and thar isthe drawing
Some English ae hsorian have Bor dieting arention tothe
transactions between language and the visual arts: Michael Batandal
‘vith she early alan humanists TJ Clark with French nineteenth
Century paiming* and Noman Bryson with sevenceenhy and
tighteenthecentary French painting’ Their stages, which ave
Sdvanced at history imo an aca never properly investigated, show
hinters and commentators tryingto extricate pantingtom ngage
Er trying to ecomumodane 00 i in what was aot mech & war
beeen the verbal and the vible av an economy heeween ther Fall
of riction though the deals back and forth may have been have
found their work invaluable an stimuli, I seem 10 me, how
ver, thar tis conamy dominated bythe rade berwsen tv powers
Canot be transfered tothe uy of achiectore without adapcion,
forthe archiceraral drawing constitute third force that may well
equilthow ofthe art work anditscommentaries,
My own stpicion of the enormous generative par played by
archtectoral drawing tems from abril period of teaching nan ar
College® Bringing with me the conviction that architecture and the
vinsal arte were cosy allied, Iwassoonsruckby what seemed athe
time the pecliardayaniag: under which orliecs labour, newer
working directly withthe object oftheir thought always workings
Eubiniphinons ineyecigcuetion, sluoe eles lhe' dere,
while painter and ceptors who might pend sme dine on pele
Frary Seether eal marta all ened op working onthe hinge
which, acral, absorbed most oftheir tention and effort | ill
picked with abstruse steretomic diagrams invaling protons of
fameles exuic curvatures, Oucal the emakablefesturerol theses
ther eva. le oor he orig am eck Boas the rclevare
ellen logael taped chea prjened namtcona cine
spheres at lang angiey they mceimorphoor ine thoes
plastic, volatile shapes, eommensucable only through the procedure
af projection vel, hiss tbe che sient cl
In here, then forma of crs on 4 plane surface that would,
throug pred projction ant a emsphererasfora oa ns
of teardrops with the roqulse number ofintestions? The answer
ular envelope of circles (Fig. 16). This annular envelope, I suggest, is
the real plan of the dome. Each one of the circles within the envelope
‘oul proce, ner proton, another closed curve, bu of aut
dferee shape The easst way to ow sae this so think ofthe
Sle the bse ofa cylinder he sides she cylinder Being the
projector lines) which cus through the hemisphere whist touching
“The resulting closed curve on the hemisphere, half of what icalled
2 hippopee,” looks nothing ike he vir from sshich thas asen
GF. 17) and, although the numberof inersetions stays the same,
Acither do the orginal ensemble of circlas resemble thie projected
teanstion on the dome, The envelope of ices onthe plane canbe
seen to have an unfortunate appearance the mid Iovengs of the
aenular sng limplyshumpat in a disibation chat hs nthe the
lysamic siggeiveness nor the quasisrucural appearance ofthe
dome, and eal conspicuously 0 restr the accelerating contac:
tion towards the inner ring so pronounced above. So, rather than
dually cof didactic evidence onthe floor, de POrme
Ainkert wth expanded tan thenclipedof ts outer rim nei
15. Diagonal cv oftneafequal longtde ancegua latte om sphere,
From Drspoctiva Corpora Regolariom by Wenzel faranitzer 1368
1 Stall forthe of doco Ral Chap Ane dear by
ean17 Three rosctionsafebippopce:the tection paced by aclindrdat
ies thrngh ands tangential to theepuator ofa spre Dring by he hor
looked sufficiently like the system of intersections to which it had
giver shape (Fig. 18 From this we may infer that, for de'Oeme, in
the end, the desire for perceptible likeness took precedence over the
desire to demonstrae the rigarous method through which the visible
difference had been achieved. The choice to eclipse his on cleverness
bby marring the projective equivalence becween the two patterns is all
elsewhere
the more poignant, given his insufferable tendency to brag
inthe Tome
‘This jn am interesting discovery, because it shows the goometsi
‘original 1 be complecely expendable, nd indeed quite ugly in com
parison sith its much more wonderful product, Parallel projection
in this example engendered moze potent forms from less, and did
it by an ingenious, regulated distortion of a shape regarded, by
ind by de Orme himself i his tvitingy on archi
tecture, as perfect to start with: the csc.” Happy results do not of
course occur under guarantee ofthe drawing technique, ako requir
ing, as they do, an inquisitive mind) a very strong preseatiment of the
sense within forms, together with a penetrating ability to visualize
spatial relations. Ths ability was doubsless enhanced by the practice
‘of projective geometry, but not purchased with it. Sulit would be as
crude co insist on the architec’s unfettered imagination as the true
source forms, as it would ro portray thedrawing technique alone as
‘the fount of formal invention. The point is tha the imagination and
the technique worked well ogether, che one enlarging the other, and
that the formsin question —and there are many more, not only in de
VOrme’s work, but in French architecture theaugh o the end ofthe
cighteenth century — could not have arisen other than through peo
iection. A study of de TOrme’s use of parallel projection shows