NOTE Sometimes we Need the definite article the,eg, the Red Sea; sometimes no article is used, eg. Mount Everest. The physical world The world and parts of the solar system Why do people want to go into space? (= the area outside the earth where the stars and planets are) I'd love to travel round the world. You find oil in many parts of the world. Ie’s the coldest place on earth. The hottest place in the world. (NoT-of the world) There's a five-hour time difference between Britain and New York. Rio de Janeiro is only three hours behind London. They're nine hours ahead of us in Sydney. Physical features I travelled through the continent of Asia. Few people have climbed Mount Everest. China is an enormous country. Elba is an island just off the coast of Italy. We flew over the Atlantic Ocean. 7 We've got a small house near Lake Como. te \ The Nile is the longest river in Africa. AN We went diving in the Red Sea. =" We travelled into the Sahara Desert. Parts of the Amazon rainforest are disappearing. Natural disasters A disaster is when something terrible happens. There is physical damage and people often die. msSBa Se earthquake hurreane volcano/volcanic eruption The earthquake destroyed many homes, (= many homes are so badly damaged, they don’t exist) They say the hurricane could hit Florida today. (= reach Florida today with great force) The floods have been terrible ~ hundreds of people have drowned. (= died from being under water) There are many active volcanoes in the world, such as Mount Etna. 88 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 Exercises Fill the gaps with the correct word. 1 Would you like to go round the ... if you had the chance? 2. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the . 3 Ona clear night you can see lots of Australia is 19 the snmneennenonnne HE 5 Ifyou think of time, is your country 6 Is China the largest country .. Britain or .. the world? ‘Complete the sentences. The Sahara is The Amazon is ‘The Mediterranean Africa is Crete and Corsica are Everest is the highest Michigan and Eyrie are two of the Great ~ Somiuaueone Fill the gaps in the text with the definite article (the) if necessary. My journey took me across (1) ... w= Atlantic Ocean ffOM (2) nnn Q).. .-. South America. | travelled through (4) down through the interior of (5) .. Brazil, From there | headed north again, through Bolivia, round (6) seenen-nn» Lake Titicaca and up to Cuzco. Then | crossed (7) e--~ ‘Andes and finally arrived in Lima. For the last part of the joumey I flew to (8) Jamaica in (9) eonerennee West Indies. Europe to ‘Amazon rainforest and ‘What type of disaster is being described in each of these sentences? 1 Ir lifted a car off the ground, and then we saw it disappear down the street. 2 Ir was about two metres deep and we watched as our furniture just floated away. 3. The walls began co move visibly, and large cracks opened up in the ground. 4 The heat was incredible and we watched as the red hot lava came down the mountain. Complete the sentences below using the correct form of the verbs in the box. destroy hit dive drown climb fly 1 Two children in the floods when their boat capsized. wwvwam the Village ~ there is nothing left. because the water is so clear. over the Alps on the way back from Geneva. swum the islands later today. ww the south face of the mountain. 3 It's a fantastic place to go 4 The plane 5 They say the hurricane may. 6 They're going to .. English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 89Weather Weather conditions Notice thar it is very common to form adjectives by adding *-y’. adjective adjective sun sunny wind windy cloud cloudy ice icy fog fogsy shower showery heat hot humidity humid It was very cloudy in the morning, but then the sun came out (= appeared) in the afternoon. The accident happened in thick fog (= bad fog) on the motorway. Rain For light rain (= raining a bit) we can use drizzle, e.g. It was cloudy with a bit of drizzle. For heavy rain (= raining a lot) we often use pour, e.g. It’s pouring (with rain) outside. Rain for a short period of time is a shower, e.g. We had several showers today - some quite heavy. Temperature thermometer << boiling hor warm — not very warm cold freezing {= very hot) {also chilly) (= very cold) a: How hot does it get in the summer? w: It can reach about 35°. (= 35 degrees) a: How cold does it get in the winter? &: Ir often goes below 0. (= zero) Wind a breeze a wind a strong wind a gale a hurricane A breeze is gentle and pleasant; a hurricane is over 100 km per hour and can be dangerous. It was a hot day but there was a gentle breeze. Her hair was blowing in the wind. “The trees were damaged in the gale last night. The hurricane destroyed many buildings. Thunderstorms A period of very hot weather is sometimes called a heatwave, and it often ends with a thunderstorm. First it becomes very humid (= when the air feels wet), then you get thunder and lightning, and finally very heavy rain. Afterwards, it is often cooler and feels fresher. 90 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 Exercises Identify the weather conditions in these pictures. 1. 4 Fill the gaps with a suitable word. We had really thick sm-romeneerm this MO When it's hor, you still get a LOVELY em Thope we don’t get any more thunder and We had a heavy of cain this morning, but it only lasted a few minutes. The hucricane completely the village. There’s nothing left. Ie’s quite hot when the sun . out. What's th _ today? It feels much colder than yesterday. They said it was ten degrees below .. in New York yesterday. That's too cold for me. off the sea. ONAGR OWE True or False? (If a sentence is false, change it to make it true.) yu need sunglasses. False (When it’s faggy you ton’ ser very wil.) the desert in the evening. Thunder makes a noise. Lightning can kill people. A shower is a type of wind. If it is humid, the air will be very dry. Heavy rain means that ic is pouring with rain. Ie often pours with rain in the desert. CUA Complete this text with suitable words. ‘An important influence on Japanese weather is the wind. During the summer it (1) from the Pacific, causing (2) .... n-~ and humid weather, but in winter, the north-westerty (3) ann» _--v~« {torn Siberia are very cold and it (4) sn heavily On the mountains in the north-west. The south-eastem parts receive cold dry air. Between June and mid-July, there is a period of very wet weather when the rice fields get the water they need. After that, there is less heavy rain, but the air is stil = - Autumn, however, is drier and usually very pleasant. ‘Write a paragraph about the weather in your own country, or a specific part of your country, e.g. your own region. Try to use as many words as possible from the opposite page. English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate} 91NOTE ‘The word ‘sheep’ is the singular and plural form, A young sheep is called a tamb. Animals and insects Pets and farm animals Many people keep pets (= own and look after domestic animals that live with people) in Britain. x ‘The most common are dogs and cats, but people also keep mice (singular = a mouse), rabbits and goldfish. goat Farm animals include: sheep, pigs, cows, rabbit horses, chickens and goats. \e b r mouse Pig Wild animals You will find these animals in a zoo or in the wild. e an App gorilla elephant ion monkey ving free, e.g. in parts of Africa) Some animals that live in the wild are in danger of extinction (= they may not exist much longer), so it is important that we protect them. (= make sure they stay safe) Insects tn ERB mosquito butterfly spider In the water, in the air and on the ground Here are some creatures (= living things, e.g. animals and birds) that swim, fly or move along the ground (e.g. a snake). on DB whale snake eagle 92 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)45.2 45.3 45.4 45.5 Exercises Look at the underlined letters in each pair of words. Is the pronunciation the same or different? Use the pronunciation guide in the Index to help you. Examples whale water (different) cat camel (same) 1 fion tiger 6 monkey — masquito 2 leopard — mosquito 7 camel snake 3 bear eagle 8 leopard shark 4 gorilla giraffe 9 monkey — butterfly 5 spider wild 10 mouse cow Fill the gaps with a suitable word. 1 Pye only ever seen... vm animals on television, or in a 200. 2 Some animals are in of extinction. 3. I don't just hate spiders and mosquitoes — I hate all 4 We used to animals on our farm. 5 6 Snakes can move along the wun really fast if they want. Some animals are disappearing — they continue to exist. _- them, so Arrange these words into three groups: farm animals, wild animals, and insects. monkey horse goat fly tion zebra elephant pig. mosquito tiger bee sheep ant leopard bear Complete the sentences with a suitable word. 1 They've got lots of pets: two dogs, four cats, and a 2. Their farm animals include cows, sheep and .... 3. The children love to see the ‘big cats’ at the zoo such as lions, tigers and 4 Thate most insects, but particularly mosquitoes and 5 We saw some really large animals at the safari park: elephants, giraffes and Start cach sentence with a suitable creature from the opposite page. can fly at a great height. -» €an swim very long distances. _.. can understand lots of human commands. can run very fast. can travel through the desert for long distances without water. can be 30 metres in length. can eat leaves from tall trees. ~. change their skin several times a year. can pick things up with their trunk. provide us with wool. English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediote) 93Countries, nationality and language HEA) Who speaks what where? country language “Argentina Spanish Brazil Portuguese Britain English China Mandarin (also Cantonese) Egypt Arabic France French Germany German Greece Greek Israel Hebrew Italy Tealian Japan Japanese Korea Korean Mexico Spanish Poland Polish Russia Russian Sandi Arabia Saudi Arabian Arabic Spain Spanish Spanish Switzerland Swiss ‘Swiss-German, French, Italian The United States (USA) American English Turkey Turkish Turkish I come from Argentina, so I am Argentinian and my first language is Spanish. The capital is Buenos Aires, which has a population of more than 10 million people. Regions . There are some names for regions of the world that we often use. Europe (e.g. Britain, Spain, etc.) the Mediterranean (e.g. Italy, Spain, etc.) the Far East (e.g. China, Japan, etc.) the Middle East (e.g. Egypr, Iran, etc.) the Caribbean (e.g. Jamaica, Trinidad, etc.) South/Latin America (e.g. Brazil, Chile, etc.) The people When we are talking about people from a particular country, nationalities ending in ‘-i' or “(iJan’ can be made plural with an ‘s’, but most others are formed with che definite article (and no ‘s’). (The) Thais/Israelis a The British Brazilians/Russians “The French Talking about people in general These are common ways of talking about people ‘in general’. The British are generally ... 1 think most French people are ... Russians tend to be very ... In general, Polish people are quite ... 94 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)46.1 46.3 46.4 46.5 46.6 46.7 Exercises Answer these questions without looking at the opposite page. Write down three countries whose first language is English. Whar language is spoken in Brazil? Write down three languages spoken in Switzerland. What language is spoken in Saudi Arabia? What nationality are people from Poland? What language is spoken in Mexico? Where do people speak Hebrew? Where do people speak Mandarin? OUNGRUN ‘What regions of the world are these countries in? 1 Germany Eup. 3. Jamaica 5 Japan 2 Saudi Arabia 4 Corsica and Sardinia 6 Argentina ‘Underline the main stress on the words in the box, and practise saying them. Brazilian Japan Japanese Egyptian Arabic Italian Austria . Korea Chinese Germany Saudi Arabia Egypt Complete these sentences with the name of the people from the country on the right. Examples I've worked a lot with Germans/Carmon people GERMANY T’ve spent lots of time with the french/french people. = FRANCE 1 We do a lot of business with JAPAN 2 Lused to know a lor of ISRAEL 3 [have always found very friendly. BRAZIL 4 People often say tha are reserved. BRITAIN 5 are very organised. SWITZERLAND 6 Timer a lot of ... on my trip to Moscow. RUSSIA Complete these sentences. 1 Athens is the capital o! 2. Ankara is the capital of . 3 Seoul is the capital of 4 Moscow is the capital of 5 Warsaw is the capital of 6 Madrid is the capital of Answer these questions about yourself. If possible, ask somebody from a different country. 1 Where do you come from? 2. What's the total population? 3 What's your first language? 4 What's the capital city? Write this sentence in three more different ways to make it more of a generalisation. “British people are polite.’ | think mast British people an. palit. English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 95