Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fourtran PDF
Fourtran PDF
Lecture 11
The Fourier transform
• definition
• examples
• the Fourier transform of a unit step
• the Fourier transform of a periodic signal
• properties
• the inverse Fourier transform
11–1
The Fourier transform
we’ll be interested in signals defined for all t
the Fourier transform of a signal f is the function
∞
F (ω) = f (t)e−jωtdt
−∞
Laplace transform of f
∞
F (s) = f (t)e−st dt
0
Fourier transform of f
∞
G(ω) = f (t)e−jωt dt
−∞
G(ω) = F (jω),
• if f (t) = 0 for t < 0, then the Fourier and Laplace transforms can be
very different
1 2/a
F (ω)
f (t)
0 −1/a t 0 −a a
1/a ω
1 2T
F (ω)
f (t)
0
0
−T T −π/T π/T
t ω
unit impulse: f (t) = δ(t)
∞
F (ω) = δ(t)e−jωt dt = 1
−∞
F (ω)
0
0
−π
−π/T π/T −π/T π/T
ω ω
The Fourier transform 11–8
Step functions and constant signals
the Laplace transform is 1/s, but the imaginary axis is not in the ROC,
and therefore the Fourier transform is not 1/jω
in fact, the integral
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
f (t)e−jωt dt = e−jωt dt = cos ωt dt − j sin ωt dt
−∞ 0 0 0
is not defined
1 a − jω a jω
Gα(ω) = = = −
a + jω a2 + ω 2 a2 + ω 2 a2 + ω 2
as α → 0,
a jω 1
→ πδ(ω), − 2 →
a2 + ω 2 a + ω2 jω
0 ∞
1
F (ω) = e−jωt dt = ejωt dt = πδ(ω) −
−∞ 0 jω
F (ω)
π π
ω
−ω0 ω0
F (ω)
jπ
ω0
ω
−ω0
−jπ
∞
f (t) = ak ejkω0t
k=−∞
∞
∞ ∞
F (ω) = ak ej(kω0−ω)t dt = 2π ak δ(ω − kω0)
k=−∞ −∞ k=−∞
F (ω)
2πa0
2πa−1 2πa1
2πa−2 2πa2
2πa−3 2πa3
ω
−3ω0 −2ω0 −ω0 ω0 2ω0 3ω0
write f as
f (t) = cos(ω0(t + φ/ω0))
and apply time shift property:
0.5
f (t) 0
−0.5
−1
−10 0 10
t
write f as a product f (t) = g(t) cos t where g is a rectangular pulse of
width 20 (see page 12-7)
2 sin 10ω
F(cos t) = πδ(ω − 1) + πδ(ω + 1), F(g(t)) =
ω
12
10
6
F (ω)
−2
−4
−1 0 1
ω
then ∞
1
f (t) = F (ω)ejωt dω
2π −∞
let’s check
∞ ∞
∞
1 1
F (ω)ejωt dω = f (τ )e−jωτ ejωtdω
2π ω=−∞ 2π ω=−∞ τ =−∞
∞
∞
1
= f (τ ) e−jω(τ −t) dω dτ
2π τ =−∞ ω=−∞
∞
= f (τ )δ(τ − t)dτ
−∞
= f (t)