5G NR TechnologyOverview2018

PA R T O N E :
5G NR TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
Keysight Technologies OCT 2018
Andjela Ilic-Savoia
AGENDA
• Introduction: Technology overview and Timelines

• NR NSA and SA
• Carrier Aggregation and Bandwidth Adaptation
• Numerology & Frame Structure
• Waveforms and Modulations
• Protocol Structure, Layers, Signals and Channels
• Beams, Beamforming and Beam Management
• Initial Access Procedure, example Call Flows
• Network Architecture, Deployment Options
© Keysight Technologies 2018 2

5G Boot Camp: 5GNR Technology overview
AGENDA

• NR NSA and SA

B R O A D R A N G E O F N E W S E R V I C E S A N D PA R A D I G M S
Great service In a Best experience Ubiquitous things Real-time & reliable

Amazingly fast
crowd follows you communicating communications
eMBB mMTC URLLC

Mobile Broadband Massive Mission-Critical
Access Machine Communication Machine Communication
IoT
• all data, all the time • 30 billion ‘things’ connected • ultra high-reliability
• 2 billion people on • low cost, low energy • ultra-low latency
social media

Latency
1ms
Self-driving
VR Gaming
Car
Remote
Surgery
Real-time 5G evolution
10ms
Disaster Gaming 4G limit
Alert
Industrial
Automation
100ms Automotive
e-call
Holographic
Broadcasts
1000s Remote Video Wireless

Sensor Streaming Office
< 1 Mbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps 10 Gbps Data Rate

ALIGNED WITH IMT VISION
• IMT 2020 are still defining specs

• IMT: International Mobile Telecommunications Initiative (by ITU)
• Phase 1 – mid 2018
• Focus on Enhanced mobile broadband and some low latency aspects
• Minimised changes to core architecture (LTE-EPC) – non-standalone operation initially
• 5G Radio Access Technology but for focus on sub-6 GHz channels
• Phase 2 – mid 2020
• Focus on massive Internet of Things and Ultra-Reliable, Low Latency Communications
• Novel layers and architecture to allow full 5G potential (Vehicular and multicast services)
• “mm-wave” 28, 37, 39 GHz channels and unlicensed spectrum
Rel. 12 Rel. 15 Rel.16

Rel. 13 Rel. 14
LTE-A 5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2
2015 2016 2017 June 2018 June 2019

K E Y M I L E S T O N E S A N D C A R D I N A L D AT E S
2017 Milestone
Commercialization Announcements
Q4: Verizon Pilots 5GTF 28Ghz Fixed Wireless in 11 cities
• Verizon: Fixed mm-Wave in 2017
2017 Milestone • AT&T: Fixed mm-Wave in 2018
Dec: 3GPP to 2017 to accelerate NSA 5G NR (NSA R15 completed) • T-Mobile: Sub-6GHz 5G in 2019
• KT: 5G in 2019
2018 Milestones • DOCOMO: 5G in 2020
Jun: 3GPP RAN Plenary SA 2020 Milestone • China Mobile: 5G in 2020
5G NR completed Summer (likely): 1st 5G Commercial
2015 Milestones
Sept: 3GPP 5G Workshop 2018 Milestone
Nov: ITU WRC 15 H2: VZ & ATT launch 5G 2022 Milestone
Dec: 3GPP RAN Plenary NR Fixed mm-wave Summer: 2nd 5G Commercial
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

You are here • Timelines more aggressive than in
previous G’s
R13 R14 5G NR R15 • Scope and difficulty higher than in
NSA previous G’s
Rel. 14
Rel. 14 Rel. 15
Rel. 15 Rel. 16 Rel. 17 & beyond

AT A G L A N C E – K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S
• 2 frequency ranges:
• FR1 (450MHz - 6000Mhz)
• Bands numbered from 1 to 255
• Commonly referred to as Sub-6Ghz
• FR2 (24.250 - 52.600 GHz)
• Bands numbered from n257 to n511
• Commonly referred to as mmWave
• Scalability required for different use cases/frequency bands
• Scalable numerology - sub-frame structure and component carrier bandwidth
• Introduction of mini-slots for low latency
• Channel Bandwidths up to 400 MHz for single Component Carrier
• 3D Beam-forming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis, massive MIMO
• Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency
• Lower layers / 5G-NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates, latency and efficiency
Specification Title
38.300 Overall Description
38.902 Study on New Radio Access Technology
38.211 Physical Channels and Modulation
38.212 Multiplexing and Channel Coding
38.213 Physical Layer Procedures for Control
38.214 Physical Layer Procedures for Data
38.321 NR Medium Access Control (MAC)
38.322 NR Radio Link Control (RLC)
38.323 NR Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)
37.324 NR Service Data Protocol (SDAP)
38.331 NR Radio Resource Control (RRC)
24.301 Non-Access Stratum
33.501 Security Architecture and Procedures for 5G
37.340 NR Multi-connectivity Overall Description

LTE (Based on 3GPP Rel. 15) New Radio (Based on 3GPP Rel. 15)
Frequency band Sub-6 GHz Sub-6 GHz, mmWave (up to 52.6 GHz)
FR1: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100MHz
Maximum Bandwidth (per CC) 20 MHz
FR2: 50, 100, 200, 400 MHz
5 (Rel.10) / 32 (Rel.12). Current
Maximum CCs 8
implementation is 5.
Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz 2n · 15 kHz
Waveform CP-OFDM for DL; SC-FDMA for UL CP-OFDM for DL; CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL
Up to 256 QAM DL (moving to 1024 QAM);
Modulation Up to 256 QAM UL & DL
Up to 64 QAM UL
Maximum Number of Subcarriers 1200 3276
Subframe Length 1 ms (moving to 0.5 ms) 1 ms
Latency (Air Interface) 10 ms (moving to 5 ms) 1 ms
14 symbols (duration depends on subcarrier spacing)
Slot Length 7 symbols in 500 µs
2, 4 and 7 symbols for mini-slots
Channel Coding Turbo Code (data); TBCC (control) LDPC (data); Polar Codes (control)
Initial Access No beamforming Beamforming
MIMO Up to 8x8 Up to 8x8
Reference signals UE Specific DMRS and Cell Specific RS Front-loaded DMRS (UE-specific)
Duplexing FDD, Static TDD FDD, Static TDD, Dynamic TDD

S I N G L E S P E C I F I C AT I O N C O V E R I N G S U B - 6 G H Z A N D M I L L I M E T E R W AV E
3GPP NR
FR1 – Frequency Range 1 FR2 – Frequency Range 2
Spec 5G NR NSA and SA 5G NR NSA
450Mz ~ 6000 MHz 24520MHz ~ 52600 MHz

Frequency
e.g. 3.4 – 3.7GHz, 4.4 – 4.9GHz e.g. 39GHz (3GHz of spectrum), 28GHz (800MHz)
Bandwidth (cc) Up to 100MHz Up to 400MHz
Maximum CCs 8 8
DL MIMO 8x8 2x2
Numerology 2n · 15 kHz n = {0, 1, 2} 2n · 15 kHz n = {2, 3, 4, 5}; 60kHz (n=2, 4x LTE)

(subcarrier spacing) 30 kHz (n=1, 2x LTE) 120kHz (n=3, 8x LTE), 240kHz (n=4, 16x LTE)
Waveform DL: CP-OFDM / UL: CP-OFDM or and DFT-s-OFDM DL: CP-OFDM / UL: CP-OFDM or and DFT-s-OFDM
Subcarriers 3276 3276
Subframe length 1ms 1ms
Slot length (t) Max @60KHz SCS: 250µs Max @240KHz SCS: 62.5 µs

• For FR1, 100MHz is the maximum channel • For FR2, 50, 100, 200 and 400MHz channel bandwidths are
bandwidth specified specified
3GPP TS 38.521-2 Table 5.3.5-1
3GPP TS 38.521-1 Table 6.1-1
NR band / SCS / UE Channel bandwidth
Channel NR SCS
Bandwidth 50MHz 100MHz 200MHz 400MHz
Band kHz
5MHz 60 Yes Yes Yes N/A
10MHz n257
120 Yes Yes Yes Yes
20MHz n258
120 Yes Yes Yes Yes
30MHz n260
120 Yes Yes Yes Yes
40MHz
50MHz
60MHz
80MHz Examples of identified bands:
100MHz
• 600 MHz: long range - mobile broadband and massive IoT
• 3.5 GHz: wide bandwidths - machine type communications (n77, n78)
• 28 and 39 GHz: extreme bandwidths - highest data rates (n257, n260, n261)
• 57-64 and 64-71 GHz: un-licenced spectrum, high data rates

NO ARBITR ARY DECISION – DRIVEN BY PROPERTIES OF CHANNEL
< 6 GHz mm Wave

Macro cells Small cells
Deployment Scenario
High user mobility Low user mobility
MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2
Tens of users A few users
Number of Simultaneous Users
Large coverage area Small coverage area
Main Benefit Spatial multiplexing, MU-MIMO Beamforming for single user
Channel Characteristics Rich multipath propagation A few propagation paths
Low spectral efficiency

Spectral Efficiency High due to the spatial multiplexing
(few users, high path loss)

Transmit diversity for MIMO multi-layer Transmission Multi-user MIMO (UL)
improved quality for higher data rates more users per cell
Beam-forming to increase Spatial multiplexing

receive power and SNR more users per cell

AGENDA

• NR NSA and SA

J U S T A N I N T R O : M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R
• LTE coverage
• Large existing network deployment
• Wide coverage due to lower frequency range
• 5G network
• System deployment will take time
• Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands
• NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution,
reliability and geographical coverage Option 2: Standalone NR
• Expectation: slow and smooth transition into 5G

NSA SA
Connection to both LTE and 5G Can work with 5G only (LTE not
mandatory necessary)
Control (Location Registration) 5G will be focused on U-Plane alone, 5G will be used for both U-Plane
while LTE is used for control including and C-Plane
call origination/ termination, location
registration, etc.
5G radio control parameters 5G radio control parameters will be 5G radio control parameters can be
exchanged through LTE. For that exchanged through 5G.
purpose, functions added to eNB.
Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE. UE monitors paging channels

on 5G.

5G NR SA
• Device NR
• monitors control channels for data scheduling RRC Connected
• provides channel quality estimate to gNB
• provides neighbor cell measurements
Connection (de)activation
• Device Suspend/Resume
• performs RAN based notification area updates
when moving outside the notification area NR
• stores the AS context RRC Inactive
• Device Connection establishment / release

Connection
• acquires SI,
Failure
• monitors paging,
• performs neighbor cell measurements
NR
• performs cell (re-)selection
RRC Idle

5G NR SA
Handover NR
E-UTRA
RRC Connected
RRC Connected
Connection (de)activation
Suspend/Resume
NR
Reselection RRC Inactive
Connection
establishment / release Connection establishment /
Connection release
Failure
Reselection
E-UTRA
RRC Idle
NR
RRC Idle

AGENDA

• NR NSA and SA

• Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz
• Maximum number of CCs is 8
NW Channel
NW Channel BW BW
Freq. Freq.
UE cat egory/capabilit y
UE cat egory/capabilit y
Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

• Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent
• Or they could be in the same band, non-contiguous
• Or in different bands
Band A – sub-6 GHz Band B – mm-wave (28GHz)

• RRC Connection and Registration is performed only on the Primary Component Carrier
• Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) are on this Primary CC
• Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all Component Carriers
SCC SCC PCC SCC SCC PCC SCC SCC
PDSCH PDCCH and PDSCH

PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH
(optional PDCCH)
Downlink Uplink

C O R E S E T 3 8 . 2 11 - 7 . 3 . 2 . 2
• Resource Element (RE): Same as LTE. The smallest unit of the resource grid made up of one
SC in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain.
• Physical resource block(PRB): 12 Subcarriers (same in every numerology)
• Resource Element Group (REG) : One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and
one OFDM symbol in time domain.
• REG Bundles : REG bundle = X * REGs.
• Control Channel Element(CCE) : CCE = X * REG bundles.
• Control Resource Set (CORESET): A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency
domain and 1, 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in time domain.
• Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling
message (38.331 v15.1.0).

CONTIGUOUS PHYSICAL RESOURCE BLOCKS (PRBS)
• An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

• It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH
• The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SS/PBCH block
• Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part
• One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically
signaled to a UE
• Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time instant
• Other configuration parameters include:

• Numerology: CP type, subcarrier spacing
• Frequency location: the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW
• Bandwidth size: in terms of PRBs

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S
1) Supporting reduced UE bandwidth capability 2) Supporting reduced UE energy consumption

Overall carrier
Overall carrier
BWP # 2
BWP
BWP # 1
3) Supporting different numerologies

Overall carrier
4) Supporting non-contiguous spectrum
Overall carrier
BWP # 1 BWP # 2
(num erology # 1) (num erology # 2) BWP # 1 BWP # 2
5) Supporting forward compatibility BWP activation/deactivation:

Som et hing com plet ely unknown
Overall carrier
• UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts
? • Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

• Activation/deactivation by DCI with explicit indication
BWP
Som et hing new and not yet defined

• Activation/deactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP
• The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink
• An additional lower frequency band UL carrier
• In non-stand alone mode it can enhance data rate and deployment range
• In stand alone mode it can improve performance at cell edges
• Supplemental Uplink is different from Carrier Aggregation because the UE may transmit on
• The Supplemental Uplink OR
• UL Component Carrier
(but not on both at the same time)

AGENDA

• NR NSA and SA

S C A L A B L E S U B - C A R R I E R S PA C I N G ( S C S ) - Δ F
• Sub-6GHz operation
max, µ subframe, µ
µ Δf = 2µ·15 kHz Cyclic Prefix N RB N slot
0 15 kHz Normal 275 1
Initial Access
1 30 kHz Normal 275 2 Data
2 60 kHz Normal, Extended 275 4
• Above 6GHz (mm-wave) operation

max, µ subframe, µ
µ Δf = 2µ·15 kHz Cyclic Prefix N RB N slot
2 60 kHz Normal, Extended 275 4
Data
Initial Access 3 120 kHz Normal 275 8
4 240 kHz Normal 138 16
5 480 kHz Normal 69 32

• Sub-carrier spacing = 2μ x 15 kHz
• Slot is 14 symbols - slot length decreases as subcarrier spacing increases
Number of slots
µ Subcarrier spacing Slot length Usage
per subframe
0 15 kHz 1ms 1 Outdoor large cell <3GHz
1 30 kHz 500μs 2 Outdoor small cell >3GHz <6 GHz
Indoor wideband cell 5GHz

2 60 kHz 250μs 4
Small cell above 6GHz
3 120 kHz 125μs 8 Very small cell 28GHz

mm-wave
4 240 kHz 62.5μs 16 Indoor very small cell mm-wave
5 480 kHz1 m s 31.25μs 32
120 kHz
120 kHz
120 kHz
120 kHz
120 kHz
120 kHz
120 kHz
120 kHz
60 kHz
60 kHz
60 kHz
60 kHz
30 kHz 30 kHz 15 kHz
SCS
SCS
SCS
SCS
SCS SCS SCS
500 µs 250 µs 1 ms 125 µs

FRAME STRUCTURE & NUMEROLOGY SUBFRAME
1 ms
Slot structure is flexible to provide for better spectrum utilization
15 SLOT
• SCS: 15 kHz*2n kHz 14 symbols
• Frame: 10 ms 1 ms
• Subframe: Reference period of 1 ms 30 SLOT

kHz 14 symbols
• Slot (slot based scheduling)
500 µs
• 14 OFDM symbols, or 12 with extended CP
60 SLOT
14 sym
• One possible scheduling unit kHz
• Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing 250 µs
120
S LO T
14 s
kHz
• Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)
125 µs
• 7, 4 or 2 OFDM symbols, can start immediately
240
S LO T
14 s
• Minimum scheduling unit kHz
62.5 µs © Keysight Technologies 2018 32
FDD AND TDD SLOTS
• Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)
• Downlink only (Slot Format 0, used in FDD)

• Uplink only (Slot Format 1, Used in FDD)
• Flexible: Downlink and Uplink (static, semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))
Downlink symbols
Ex: FDD at 700 MHz Uplink symbols
DL symbols UL symbols
Ex: TDD at 3 GHz
UL UL
Ex: TDD at 28 GHz DL symbols DL symbols
sym. sym.
High data volumes
Mini-slot
Not tied to the frame structure (2,4,7 symbols)

LTE – Fixed FDD or TDD operation
Downlink data Downlink data Uplink Ack
<------------- 1 ms sub-frame ------------>
5G NR – Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame
Control User Data Ack Control User Data Ack
Downlink centric SF Uplink centric SF
• Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement: the entire process is complete
within a single TTI.
• TTI = # of symbols * symbol length

AGENDA

• NR NSA and SA

Waveform:
• DL Waveform: CP-OFDM
• UL Waveform: CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM)
• CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios
• DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios
Multiple Access:
• Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)
• Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) not supported in Rel-15
Coding:
• Network selects coding scheme to match instantaneous channel conditions
• Optimization of capacity with a reasonable BLER (go with higher MCS)
• Reduction of latency but possibly lower throughput rate (some methods take longer to encode)
• eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity Check (LDPC)
• PBCH & Control - Polar Code

π/2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol QPSK - 2 bits per symbol
Q
Q 256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol
0 1 -1,1 1,1 Q 0010 0100
I I
-1,-1 1,-1
16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol 64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q I
Q 0001 0011
0000 0010
I I

AGENDA

• NR NSA and SA

39
• Higher protocol layers based on LTE Application
• User data all IP
• Registration, mobility, session management, handovers NAS IP
• Additions for lower layer enhancements (beamforming) RRC SDAP
• Enhancements to security in NAS and PDCP
• Service Data Adaptation Protocol: new protocol layer to PDCP PDCP
take care of QoS
RLC RLC
• PHY sees the largest area of change
MAC MAC
PHY PHY
Control Plane User Plane

User Plane Control Plane
NAS
(IP user data)
SDAP QoS RRC SI Paging RRC

Management
Compression Compression
PDCP Integrity Integrity
Ciphering Ciphering
Radio Bearers
RLC ARQ ARQ
Logical Channels
MAC HARQ HARQ

Transport Channels
Channel Channel Channel Channel
PHY Coding Coding Coding Coding
Physical Channels © Keysight Technologies 2018 41
Application
• New SDAP layer for QoS management in User Plane NAS IP

• Mapping between QoS flow and data radio bearer and
marking QoS flow ID in DL and UL packets, all the way to 5GC RRC
• PDCP Duplication configuration: “legs” added SDAP

• Map PDUs to more than 1 logical channel (duplicated PDCP PDCP PDCP
PDUs) would be sent over different Component Carriers
• RLC/MAC RLC RLC
• Support for Beam management procedures and Transmission MAC MAC
modes using different numerologies and/or TTI duration
• Reduction of processing latency:
Concatenation is performed in MAC by placing the MAC headers PHY PHY
immediately in front of the corresponding MAC SDUs.
Control Plane User Plane
Hence, no concatenation required in RLC

43
RLC
Logical Channels • Logical Channels - define the type of data to be

transferred: traffic (user data), paging messages,
dedicated control information…
MAC
• Transport Channels- define how the information will
be carried to the physical layer and the
Transport Channels characteristics of the data: error protection, channel
coding and CRC, data packet size…
PHY • Physical Channels - are characterized by their
timing and access protocols (ex: random access
Physical Channels channels), data rates (ex: traffic channels)…
Radio Link
NR Channels/Signals Description LTE Equivalent
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel PUSCH
PUSCH-DMRS, PUSCH-PTRS PUSCH-DMRS
Uplink
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel

PUCCH-DMRS PUCCH
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel PRACH
SRS Sounding Reference Signal SRS
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel PDSCH
PDSCH-DMRS, PDSCH-PTRS PDSCH-DMRS
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
Downlink
PBCH-DMRS PBCH
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel PDCCH, EPDCCH
PDCCH-DMRS EPDCCH-DMRS
CSI-RS Channel-State Information Reference Signal CSI-RS
PSS Primary Synchronization Signal PSS
SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal SSS
Red = New NR channels/signals vs. LTE
Note: LTE ONLY channels such as PCFICH, PHICH, C-RS, etc…are not shown

LOGICAL ,TRANSPORT & PHYSICAL CHANNELS
Logical BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH

Channels
Transport BCH PCH DL-SCH

Channels
DCI SFI
Physical
Channels
PBCH PDSCH PMCH PDCCH
Logical Transport Physical

BCCH – Broadcast Control Channel BCH – Broadcast Channel PBCH – Physical Broadcast Channel
PCCH – Paging Control Channel PCH – Paging Channel PDSCH – Physical Downlink Shared Channel
CCCH – Common Control Channel DL-SCH – Downlink Shared Channel
DCCH – Dedicated Control Channel
DTCH – Dedicated Traffic Channel DCI – Downlink Control Information PDCCH – Physical Downlink Control Channel
SFI – Slot Format Indicator

LOGICAL ,TRANSPORT & PHYSICAL CHANNELS
Logical CCCH DCCH DTCH
Channels
Control information can be carried

in PUSCH and PUCCH
Transport
Channels
RACH UL-SCH UCI
(Uplink Control
Information)
Physical
Channels
PRACH PUSCH PUCCH
Transport Channel Name Physical Physical channel Name Purpose
Channel Channel
UL-SCH Uplink Shared PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel User data, Channel reports, RRC
Channel setup information
RACH Random Access PRACH Physical Random Access Channel Initiates connection
Channel
UCI Uplink Control PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel Channel reports, HARQ-ACK,
Information Physical Uplink Shared Channel Scheduling Request
PUSCH
48
• PSS, SSS Primary and secondary synchronisation signals
• DM-RS Demodulation Reference signals (for PDSCH/PDCCH and PBCH)
• PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal (for PDSCH)
• CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal
• PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel

• PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
• PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

• Demodulation Reference signals (DM-RS) for acquisition of PBCH, PDCCH and PDSCH
• DM-RS for PBCH is spread over the same bandwidth as the PBCH (on the same symbols)
• Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) for connected state beam management
• Refinement of the beam when a UE is in the connected state (and moving)
• Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS) is for phase tracking and phase noise compensation
• Fine time and frequency tracking
• Path delay spread and Doppler spread

• Minimum System Information (TTI every 80ms)
• MIB: Minimum system information is carried onto PBCH
• Payload 32 bits (+24 bits Polar Coding CRC)
• Modulation QPSK
• Remaining Minimum System Information
UE gNB
• The rest of the Remaining Minimum System Information
(RMSI) is carried on PDSCH
Minimum System Information
• The numerology used for RMSI is indicated in PBCH payload always present and broadcast periodically
Other System Information

• Other System Information optionally present and broadcast periodically
• On-Demand system information delivery
On-Demand Other System Information
• Carried on PDSCH using the same numerology as the RMSI broadcast or dedicated signalling

Message Purpose
SIB 1 Defines the scheduling of other system information blocks and contains information required for
initial access
SIB 2 Contains cell re-selection information, mainly related to the serving cell
SIB 3 contains information about the serving frequency and intra-frequency neighboring cells relevant
for cell re-selection
SIB 4 contains information about other NR frequencies and inter-frequency neighboring cells relevant
for cell re-selection
SIB 5 contains information about E-UTRA frequencies and E-UTRA neighboring cells relevant for cell
re-selection
SIB 6 Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) primary notification
SIB 7 Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) secondary notification
SIB 8 Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) warning notification
SIB 9 contains information related to GPS time and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

53
• DM-RS Demodulation Reference Signals (for PUSCH/PUCCH)
• PT-RS Phase-tracking Reference Signals (for PUSCH)
• SRS Sounding Reference Signal
• PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel

• PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
• PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

• Provides synchronisation and uplink channel estimation
• Separate DMRS for PUSCH and PUCCH
• Sent in 1 or 2 symbols every timeslot for PUSCH
• Sent by the mobile upon request of the gNB to allow uplink channel estimation when no other
transmissions are scheduled (on PUSCH or PUCCH)
• Periodicity and subframe offset are configurable

AGENDA

• NR NSA and SA

• Question: Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna?
• The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency bands >6 GHz is driving an abrupt and
unprecedented change in how devices and systems have to be designed, operated and
tested:
• The Friis propagation equation predicts losses at FR2 frequencies are much higher than in
FR1:
• Path Loss ~ f 2
• To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link budget, it is necessary to use high gain antennas
comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link
• High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals
• Radio propagation at mmWave is very different to < 6 GHz – very sparse and spatially dynamic,
rather than rich multipath with Rayleigh fading

Beamforming
BEAMSTEERING VS. BEAMFORMING Beamsteering
• The simplest use of large antenna arrays at the base station is beamsteering – create narrow beams
within the cell to direct signals to specific locations, possibly with reflections involved
• A key difference between beamsteering and beamforming is steering only needs to know the
direction of the user while beamforming requires precise real-time channel state information
(CSI)
• To then exploit the channel, beamforming requires full digital control of the amplitude and
phase of every antenna element while beamsteering can be done using simple analog phase
shifters
• In a predominantly line of sight channel with several users in different locations, beamforming would
simultaneously generate a beam towards each user much like beamsteering
• The benefits of beamforming become more apparent as the channel becomes more scattered,
which is when simpler beamsteering is less effective

D O W N L I N K S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N S I G N A L ( S S ) B L O C K S , B U R S T S A N D S E T S
SS Block SS Burst SS Burst Set

1 symbol PSS One or multiple SS Block(s) One or multiple SS Burst(s)
1 symbol SSS Transmission is periodic (20 ms
2 symbols PBCH by default)
Confined within a 5 ms window
SS Burst Set Periodicit y (20 m s)
SS Burst Set PSS = Primary Synchronization Signal

SSS = Secondary Synchronization Signal
SS Burst SS Burst SS Burst PBCH = Physical Broadcast Channel SS Burst
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
... ... ... ... ...
5 m s window
(half-fram e)

BEAM SWEEPING Time
SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5
• All SSB are transmitted on the same single-antenna port

• Each SSB within a SS Burst Set is potentially
transmitted on a different beam
• The same beam pattern is repeated for each SSB
within the SS Burst Set period (20 ms by default)
• The UE identifies a SSB within the Burst Set by using:
• The time index carried by the PBCH DMRS
• The rest of the SSB index carried by the PBCH data
• The best SSB is used to respond to with the PRACH

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5
Tim e
P P
P S
B B
S S
C C
S S
H H
SS Block
Mapping bet ween DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH
DL DL DL DL
SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 ... UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4
Sam e Tx beam
direct ion as in
TRxP t he DL Tx
beam
X P P
Rx PSS, SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission
UE

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N , R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G
gNB UE
Wide Coverage Beam-sweeping Synchronization Signals
transmission
Beam-sweeping System Information

transmission
Basic information for all UEs
Beam-sweeping Random Access Preamble Single-beam or

reception Beam-sweeping
Random Access Response & System
UE-specific Information
selected beam
Required only for UEs after random access
UE-Specific
Coverage
UE-specific Data and control channels

beamforming

MOBILITY AND THE CHALLENGE OF DIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS
Search
Acquisition
Tracking
Feedback
Connected
high gain
tracking
Refinement
Switch

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G
• Not having beam refinement

is like having a race car with
no steering wheel
• It could be pointed in one
direction at the race start
• But a mobile environment
looks more like Monte Carlo
and at each corner the car
without steering wheel would
crash

Search
Acquisition
Tracking
Feedback
Connected
high gain
tracking
Refinement
Switch

• a set of L1/L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) and/or UE
beams that can be used for DL and UL transmission/reception, which include at
least following aspects:
• Beam sweeping: operation of covering a spatial area, with beams transmitted and/or received
during a time interval in a predetermined way.
• Beam determination: for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own Tx/Rx beam(s).
• Beam measurement: for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed
signals
• Beam reporting: for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam
measurement
• Beam refinement (in connected state only)

UEs will not be mandated to
support two simultaneous
NR Cell beams for Rel-15
NR Cell
TRxP
TRxP
TRxP
TRxP
TRxP
TRxP
Beam Managem ent
TRxP
Handover A typical Rel-15 UE

implementations will have
only one simultaneously active panel
• The network and device will use beamforming antennas (maybe as
low as 12 degrees?)
• Narrow beams increase the received power (Signal/Noise) level
• Beams to different UEs can re-use the same time and frequency
resources
• All Common and Dedicated channels are transmitted (and received)
over beams
• Beams are bilateral for (t, f, (x,y,z)) – TDD operation only

• mm Wave has great potential (spectrum!)
• mm Waves do not bend around corners (refract) and are easily blocked or attenuated
• They do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)
• mm Waves act more like light rays so may be directed using special antennas
• Path loss through the air is much greater than at LTE bands
• Changing from 1 to 28 GHz the loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m
• Cables are lossy and expensive, galvanic connectors may not be exposed/available
Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

AGENDA

• NR NSA and SA

• SRB 0 - for RRC CCCH messaging (common signalling, not assigned to UE)
• During RRC Connection setup and re-establishment
• SRB 1 - for High priority DCCH messages

• Carries RRC messages
• Also NAS messages if SRB 2 is not yet established
• SRB 2 - for Lower priority DCCH messages

• Carries NAS messages
• Established after security has been configured
• SRB 3 - for DCCH messages for Secondary Node (SN) in Dual Connectivity
• SRB 3 is established and changed by the Secondary Node
• Carries SN RRC Reconfiguration and SN Measurement Report messages

72
LT E A N C H O R - A D D N R
• SI only sent on the Master Node (MN)
• Only Frame timing and Frame Number is sent on

the Secondary Node
• Master Node sends RRC Connection

Reconfiguration to the UE for adding NR
• UE performs Initial Access Procedure on NR cell
Secondary Node addition (EN-DC)

Network
UE
gNodeB
RA
1. Random Access Preamble
(random identity)
2. Random Access Response RAR

• RNTI: Radio Network Temporary (timing advance, random identity
Identifier. C-RNTI, uplink grant)
• C-RNTI – Cell RNTI
3. RRC message
(C-RNTI)
4. RRC message
(Contention Resolution with C-RNTI)

UE LTE Connected
UE PRACH on LTE
LTE Attach
Procedure
LTE Attach Complete

gNB Connected
NR Initial Access, Msg1-Msg4
NR Add
Successful

77
Network Network
UE Network
gNodeB AMF
RRC Connection
RRC Connection Setup Complete Attach Request

(Attach Request)
Authentication
Security
Default EPS Attach Accept

RRC Connection reconfiguration
Bearer
(Attach Accept)
RRC Connection reconfiguration complete Attach Complete

(Attach Complete)

NAS NAS Messages
• Data Correctness - protected by Integrity: “can’t change

KNAS int Integrity the content”
• Data Confidentiality - protected by Encryption

KNAS enc Encryption (cyphering) – “only I can read/understand” the message
Encapsulation
RRC messages User Plane

Data
PDCP
KRRC int Integrity KUP int Integrity
KRRC enc Encryption KUP enc Encryption

PROTOCOL R&D TOOLSET (PRT)
Turn NR Cell ON, SSB ON
UE beam search and PRACH
Initial Access, Msg1-Msg4
Attach Procedure
NR Attach Complete

AGENDA

• NR NSA and SA

BOTH NSA AND SA
• NR or LTE RAN?
• NR or LTE Core?
• UP and CP
Courtesy of Eriksson © Keysight Technologies 2018 82

S TA R T W I T H N O N - S TA N D A L O N E ( N S A )
Option 2:
Standalone NR
Release 15 Early Drop (December 2017)

• NR Non Stand-Alone (NSA) – eNB as master node
• 4G Core Network (EPC)
• Enhanced LTE (eLTE)
Release 15 (June 2018)

• 5G Core Network
• Enhanced LTE (eLTE)
• NR SA and NSA Combinations © Keysight Technologies 2018 83
OPTIONS 3/3A/3X
• Dual Connectivity with EPC: E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

• Master Node eNB (LTE)
• Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)
x2 interface no load-sharing PDCP split

OPTIONS 7/7A/7X
• Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN: NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

• Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) – eNB evolved (eLTE)
• Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

OPTIONS 4/4A
• Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN: NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

• Master Node gNB (5G NR)
• Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

AMF/UPF AMF/UPF
5GC
• AMF - Access and Mobility

NG Management Function
NG • UPF - User Plane Function
NG
NG
NG
NG
NG
NG
Xn NG-RAN
gNB gNB
Xn
Xn
Xn
ng-eNB ng-eNB

5GC AND NG-RAN RESPONSIBILITIES
gNB or ng-eNB AMF SMF
Inter Cell RRM NAS Security UE IP address

allocation
RB Control
Idle State Mobility
Handling PDU Session
Mobility Connection Cont. Control
Radio Admission Control

UPF
Measurement
Configuration & Provision Mobility Anchoring • AMF Access and Mobility
Management Function
Dynamic Resource • SMF Session Management
Allocation (Scheduler) PDU Handling Function
Internet • UPF User Plane Function

• Layer 3 - Radio Resource Control (RRC) gNB or ng-eNB
• Allocation and control of radio bearers (RB control) Inter Cell RRM
• Dynamic radio resource management and scheduling RB Control

• Radio Mobility Management
Mobility Connection Cont.
• Measurement reporting and Handover control
Radio Admission Control
• Layer 2
• Encryption and integrity check Measurement
Configuration & Provision
• Ensuring reliable data transfer, control of data Dynamic Resource
throughput Allocation (Scheduler)
• Layer 1
• Modulation and Coding, RF transmission / reception

• NAS Control plane functions related to the network attachment
• Registration (Attach)
• Authentication
• Control of ciphering and integrity checking AMF
• Signalling to establish a PS session NAS Security
• Negotiation of QoS parameters

Idle State Mobility
• Tracking Area Updates in Idle mode Handling
• Mobility support in Active mode (handovers)

• Determination of the Session Management Function

• Session Management
• Allocation of IP address to the device SMF
• Control of policy enforcement and Quality of UE IP address

allocation
Service
• Selection and control of User Plane Function PDU Session
Control
(UPF)
• Steering of traffic at the UPF to the appropriate
destination

• Routes user data to the appropriate gNB (or ng-
eNB) as the mobile moves
• Routes data to the external Packet Data Network UPF
• Quality of Service handling for user plane (data Mobility Anchoring
rate enforcement)
PDU Handling
• Packet inspection (policy rule enforcement)
• Traffic usage reporting

5G Network Test
Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation & Load Test Network Simulation & Test
5G Signaling Validation Test
5G NR Protocol Validation Radio Signaling Test 5G NR Conformance Test
Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions
System-Level Simulation Component Characterization Digital Conformance Test
Parametric Signal Test RF and mmW Over-the-Air Test Manufacturing Test Automation

• 3GPP Webpage www.3gpp.org
• Keysight Solutions www.keysight.com/find/5G
• Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note
• Copy of these slides

www.keysight.com/find/5GBootCampPresentations
94

5G NR TechnologyOverview2018

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PA R T O N E :

• Introduction: Technology overview and Timelines

© Keysight Technologies 2018 2

• Introduction: Technology overview and Timelines

© Keysight Technologies 2018 3

Great service In a Best experience Ubiquitous things Real-time & reliable

eMBB mMTC URLLC

© Keysight Technologies 2018 4

1000s Remote Video Wireless

© Keysight Technologies 2018 6

• IMT 2020 are still defining specs

Rel. 12 Rel. 15 Rel.16

© Keysight Technologies 2018 7

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

© Keysight Technologies 2018 8

© Keysight Technologies 2018 10

© Keysight Technologies 2018 11

FR1 – Frequency Range 1 FR2 – Frequency Range 2

Spec 5G NR NSA and SA 5G NR NSA

450Mz ~ 6000 MHz 24520MHz ~ 52600 MHz

Bandwidth (cc) Up to 100MHz Up to 400MHz

DL MIMO 8x8 2x2

Numerology 2n · 15 kHz n = {0, 1, 2} 2n · 15 kHz n = {2, 3, 4, 5}; 60kHz (n=2, 4x LTE)

Subcarriers 3276 3276

Subframe length 1ms 1ms

© Keysight Technologies 2018 12

© Keysight Technologies 2018 13

< 6 GHz mm Wave

Channel Characteristics Rich multipath propagation A few propagation paths

Low spectral efficiency

© Keysight Technologies 2018 14

Beam-forming to increase Spatial multiplexing

© Keysight Technologies 2018 15

• Introduction: Technology overview and Timelines

© Keysight Technologies 2018 16

• Expectation: slow and smooth transition into 5G

© Keysight Technologies 2018 17

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE. UE monitors paging channels

© Keysight Technologies 2018 18

• Device Connection establishment / release

© Keysight Technologies 2018 19

© Keysight Technologies 2018 20

• Introduction: Technology overview and Timelines

© Keysight Technologies 2018 21

© Keysight Technologies 2018 22

• Or they could be in the same band, non-contiguous

Band A – sub-6 GHz Band B – mm-wave (28GHz)

© Keysight Technologies 2018 23

SCC SCC PCC SCC SCC PCC SCC SCC

PDSCH PDCCH and PDSCH

© Keysight Technologies 2018 24

© Keysight Technologies 2018 25

• An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

• Other configuration parameters include:

© Keysight Technologies 2018 26

1) Supporting reduced UE bandwidth capability 2) Supporting reduced UE energy consumption

3) Supporting different numerologies

5) Supporting forward compatibility BWP activation/deactivation:

• UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

? • Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

Som et hing new and not yet defined

© Keysight Technologies 2018 28

• Introduction: Technology overview and Timelines

© Keysight Technologies 2018 29