tIcf imkvv{Xkm-lnXy ]cn-jØv

2017 Pq¨ hmeyw 51 e°w 12

FUn-‰¿ :
tUm.-F≥.-jmPn
nshaji101@gmail.com
amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿ :
]n.-F. X¶-®≥
FIvkn-Iyp´ohv FUn-‰¿ :
kn. cma-N-{μ≥
Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿ :
F≥. thWp-tKm-]m-e≥
]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn :
s{]m^.Fw.sI.{]kmZv
tUm.B¿.hn.Pn.tat\m≥
tUm.Imhpºmbn _meIrjvW≥
s{]m^.sI.B¿.P\m¿±\≥
s{]m^.]n.sI.cho{μ≥
s{]m^.Sn.]n.Ip™n°Æ≥
s{]m^.Sn.Fw.i¶c≥
tUm. F≥.-N-{μ-tam-l≥Ip-am¿
tUm.Fw.PmXthZ≥
tUm.sI.Fkv.]pcpj≥
tUm.sI.Fkv.kp\ojv
tUm.Pb{io.F.sI
Sn.cm[maWn
tPmPn Iq´ptΩ¬
Sn.]n.{ioi¶¿
Pn.tKm]n\mY≥
\njtamƒ Fw.
tUm. ]n.ssjPp
AUz.Sn.sI.kpPnØv
Nn{Xo-I-cWw: sI. kXojv
en]nhn\ymkw, teHu´v : ]n.-sI. _m_p
apJ-Nn{Xw IS-∏mSv : Acp¨ `´v
CXn¬ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ Nne Nn{X߃°pw
t^mt´mIƒ°pw hnhn[ sh_vssk‰pItfmSp≈ IS∏mSv H‰-{]Xn hne: cq] 20˛00 hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy: cq] 200-˛00
tcJs∏SpØp∂p.
aWn Hm¿U¿ Abbvt°≠ hnem-k-w:
teJ-\-ß-fnse A`n-{]m-b-߃ teJ-I-cp-tS-Xm-Wv;
imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-Øn-t‚-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√. amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿,
kμ¿in°pI: www.kssp.in, wiki.kssp.in, www.luca.co.in, imkv{X-KX
- n, ]cn-jZv `h≥, Nme-∏pdw,
www.facebook.com/onlinekssp tImgn-t°mSv˛ 673 002. t^m¨ : 0495˛2701919, 9446381919
teJI-tcmSv aWn Hm¿U¿ Iq∏-Wn¬ icn-bmb X]m¬ hn-em-kw,
teJ-\-߃ F√m-am-khpw ]Ømw-Xo-b-Xn-°v -ap≥]v ]n≥tImUv klnXw tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØpI.
e`n-°-Ø-°-hn[w Ab-bv°p-I. _m¶n¬ ]W-a-S-bv°p-∂Xn\v :
hnemkw 1. tÉv _m¶v Hm^v {Smh≥Iq¿-˛ CS-∏≈n {_m©v/
FUn-‰¿,
imkv{X-KX - n, ]cn-jZv `h≥, A°u≠v \º¿ -67060180370 / IFCtImUv SBTR 0000218
F.-sI.-Pn. tdmUv, CS-∏≈n ˛ 682 024. t^m¨ : 2. Im\d _m¶v˛Nme-∏p-dw-(tIm-gn-t°m-Sv){_m©v/A°u≠v
0484˛2532723, 2532675 \º¿ 1144101026962 IFCtImUv CNRB 0001144
Nn{X-߃ Dƒs∏Sp∂ ]£w kn.-Un. Ab-bv°p- _m¶n¬ ]W-aS- b - v°p-∂h - ¿, Xob-Xn-˛X
- p-I˛- G
- Xv _m¶v/
∂tXm C sabn¬ sNøp-∂tXm A`n-Im-ayw. DTP {_m©v-˛-A-S-®-Xns‚ Dt±iw F∂nh Hcp Im¿Un¬
sNbvX-XmWv teJ-\-sa-¶n¬ t]Pvta°-dn\v ]pdsa ta¬ ]d™ hnem-k-Øn-tem, C˛-sabv¬ hgn
]n.-Un.-F-^v. th¿j≥ IqSn Ab-bv°m≥ {i≤n-°pI. sasthragathy@gmail.com, As√-¶n¬
C sa-bn¬ sasthragathy@gmail.com ksspmagazine@gmail.com F∂ hnem-k-Øntem
teJ-\ß
- f- nse \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ amkn-I-bptS-Xm-hW- - Ab-bv°m≥ {i≤n-°p-I.
sa∂n√. F¶nepw imkv{X-KXn Db¿Øn-∏nSn-°p∂ k¿°p-te-j≥ At\z-jW - ß- ƒ°v
imkv{X-Øns‚ kao-]\tØmSv A\p-`m-hm-flI - tam t^m¨ : 0495˛2701919, 9446381919
kwhmZm-flI - tam BIp-∂Xv \∂v. C sa-bn¬ : ksspmagazine@gmail.com,
 tIcf imkvv{Xkm-lnXy ]cn-jØv
2017 Pq¨ hmeyw 51 e°w
49(1) 12 9
e°w
........................................................................................................................

teJ-\ß
- ƒ

10 bp‡n-]-c-Xbpw sshIm-cn-I-Xbpw
tIc-f-k-aq-l-Øn¬
˛tUm. sI.-F≥.K-tWiv

...........................................................................................................
17 Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m-≠nse
tIcf\thm-∞m\w
˛tPmPn Iq´p-Ω¬ ÿncw ]w‡n-Iƒ
20 imkv{X-⁄-k-aqlw sXcp-hn-en-d-ßptºmƒ
˛tUm.-Un. cLp-\-μ-\≥
06 imkv{Xhm¿Ø-
˛tUm.-Fw.-B¿.kpZ¿i-\I
- p-am¿

25 kn. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥, \yq-´≥, sF≥ssÃ≥

]ns∂ tIcf kb≥kv & sSIvt\m-f-Pn
ImgvNbpw ImgvN-∏mSpw

07
skmssk-‰nbpw {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sn-Wßmw;
˛Sn.-Fw. Pb-cm-a≥ {]Ir-Xn-]n-W-ßm-Xn-cn-°m≥

27 ]pØ≥ tZiob hnZym-`ymk \bhpw

s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk taJ-ebpw
˛]n.-kp-\n¬Ip-am¿ 08 aq∂m¿ Itø-‰-Øns‚
Ipcp-°-gn-°m≥

33 kaqlw kwLw hy‡n: {]]©w a\p-jy≥ imkv{Xw

49
Ah-ÿm-¥-c-߃
˛tPm ªm°vtlmƒ
˛s{]m^.-sI. ]m∏p´n

41 ag-\m-Smb hb-\m-Sv kv^Sn-ItKm-f-߃ apX¬

52
˛sNdp-h-b¬ cma≥
sse‰vtImWp-Iƒ h-sc 1
˛km_p tPmkv

45
sImft{Ãmƒ: [mc-W-Ifpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw
˛]pXn-b-hnf B¿ inh-cm-a-]n≈ Im¿´q¨ ]w‡n

58 lc-W-^ew
˛sI.-kX
- ojv
 IØp-Iƒ

hn-th-N-\-Øns‚ ssk≤m-¥nI ]›m-Øew

kv{XoI-fpsS kmaq-ly-]-Z-hn, AXn\v Ah-cpsS imco-cn-I-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fpambp≈ _‘w
F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn¬ temI-Øn\v GXv Im-eØpw Adn-hn-√m-bva-Ifpw A_-≤-[m-c-W-Ifpw D≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-´p-≠v. Ah-bpsS Ncn-{Xw Adn-bp-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. ]t£ tUm.-Sn.-sI.-B-\μn imkv{X-K-
Xn-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-h-cp∂ ]c-ºc Cu Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Nne A‰-ßfpw aqe-Ifpw I≠pw Im´nbpw
IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-tX-bp-≈p. ssPh-im-kv{Xw, hnZym-`ym-kw, B¿Ø-hw, amXrXzw F∂o A≤ym-
b-ß-sfm∂pw ka-{K-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. H´-t\Iw N¿®-Ifpw X¿°-ßfpw \S-∂n-´p≈ hyXykvX \ne-
]m-Sp-Ifpw \ne-\n¬°p∂ hnj-b-ß-fmWv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Ch-tbm-tcm-∂pw. B hnim-e`- qanI-If - n-
te-s°m∂pw t]mImsX Ht∂m ct≠m hy‡n-If - psS \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ- am{Xw Aev]mev]w ]cn-Nb - -
s∏-SpØn Xr]vXb - m-hp-Ib- mWv teJn-I. B¿Ø-hs - Ø-∏‰ - n-bp≈ A[ym-bØ - n¬ The Curse: A Cultural
History of Menstruation F∂ ]pkvXI - sØ F{X Zp¿_-ea - m-bmWv D]-tbm-Ks- ∏-Sp-ØnbXv! Fgp-Øns\
Cßs\ ]cn-an-Xs - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv e£ysØ ]cm-Pb - s - ∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂v a\-kn-em-°psa∂pw ImtW-
≠-sX√mw ImWm≥ {ian-°p-sa∂pw Icp-Xp-∂p.
˛inh-cm-P≥, h´n-bq¿°mhv

Imem-h-ÿm-hy-Xn-bm\w
Imem-h-ÿm-hy-Xn-bm\sØ∏‰n Xøm-dm-°nb sabv e°w hfsc \∂m-bn. hnj-b-Øn¬
]b-‰n-sØ-fn-™-hcpw A\p-`-h-k-º-∂-cp-amb hy‡n-Iƒ FgpXn F∂-XmWv AXns‚ Imc-
Ww.
\ΩpsS kaq-lØ - n¬ Imem-hÿ- b- psS CSw-Xn-cn-be
- p-Is
- f-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ t_m[-h¬°-cWw
Bh-iy-ap-≠v. {]Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ a‰v P¥p-°fpw kky-ßfpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS {]Xn-Iq-em-h-ÿ-Isf
AXn-Po-hn-t®°pw. F∂m¬ a\p-jy\v AXv (£n{]-)km-[y-a-√-t√m. Fß-s\-bmWv a\p-jy\v
AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ Ign-bpI?
AXn-te°v shfn®w Xcp∂ teJ-\ß - ƒ XpS¿∂p≈ amk-ßf - n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØW - s
- a∂v A`n-
{]m-bs
- ∏-Sp-∂p. Iq´-Øn¬ ]d-b-s´, kwÿm-\-k¿°m-cns‚ \h-tI-c-f-an-j-\p-I-sf hni-I-e\w
sNøm≥ {ian® G{]n¬ e°w \njv-{]-tbm-P-\-I-c-ambmWv tXm∂n-b-Xv.
˛Zn-hm-I-c≥ ]pfn-°¬

Ahy‡
"F√mw ]gb- -]p-kvX-I-ß-fn-ep≠v; kwi-bn-t°-≠-Xn√' F∂ Xd-hm-Sn-Ø-tLm-j-W-Øn\v
{io.-kn.- cm-[m-Ir-jvW≥ apXn-cp-sa∂v Icp-Xn-bn-√. At±-l-sØ-t∏m-ep≈ hymJym-\-\n¿am-Xm-
°ƒ°v Hcp £m-a-hp-an-√mØ aX-ß-fpsS \mSmbn amdn-bn-´p≠v \thm∞m-\m-\-¥c tIcfw!
Ah-K-Wn-®p-X-≈msX At±-l-Øns‚ kn≤m-¥sØ Xpd-∂p-Im-´n-bXv DNnXw Xs∂-bm-bn.
{]]-©-sØ thZm¥ Xe-Øn¬ hymJym-\n°mw; ]mSn-s√-∂-√. ]t£ Aßs\ sNbvXn´v
CXmWv icn-bmb imkv{XobhymJym\w F∂v ]d-b-cp-Xv. imkv{X-Øns‚ Hcp k¿´n-^n-°‰v
Ic-ÿ-am-°m≥, Hcp te_¬ Nm¿Øn-°n-´m≥ Ch¿ hcn \n¬°p-∂Xv F¥n-\mWv? Ch-cpsS
kΩ-X-]-{X-Øn\v imkv{Xw hcn \n¬°p-∂n-√t√m?
˛kp-PnXv kp[m-I¿, IÆq¿
 apJ-°p-dn∏v
Pq¨ 2017

hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ amXr-`mj \n¿-_-‘-am-Ip-tºmƒ

Pq¨ ]pXn-sbmcp kvIqƒ A[yb-\-h¿j-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-°p∂ amk-am-W-
t√m. kwÿm-\sØ hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse ]Øv hsc-bp≈ ¢mkp-Ifn¬ ae-bmf]-T\w
\n¿_-‘-am-°m\p≈ k¿°m¿ DØ-chv Cu A[yb\-h¿j-Øn\v khn-ti-j-X-b-W-
bv°p-∂p. ae-bm-f` - mj kwkm-cn-°p-∂h - c
- psS \m´nse hnZym-eb
- ß - f- n¬ ae-bm-fØ
- n\v
km¿h-{Xn-I-amb {]th-i\w \¬In-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂Xpw, AXv Xncp-Øm≥ `mjm-Sn-
ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ kwÿm-\-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\v tijw Bdv ]Xn‰m-≠n-tesd Ign-tb-
≠n-h∂p F∂Xpw, IuXp-I-I-c-sa-∂√ e÷m-I-c-sa-∂m-Wv ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏tS-≠-Xv.
Aß-s\tb Ncn-{Xhpw hcpw-Im-ehpw AXns\ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw hgn-bp-≈p.
t_m[-\a - m-[yaw Ah-ch
- c
- psS amXr-`mj Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-t°-≠X - n-s‚ A°mZanIhpw
kmwkvImcnIhpw ⁄m\kºmZ\]chpw a\pjymhImi]c-hp-amb {]m[m-\y-sØ-
Ip-dn®v {]K-¤-cmb hnZym-`ymk Nn¥-Icpw kmaq-ly-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw ]e-Ipdn Hm¿a-s∏-
Sp-Øn-°-gn-™-Xm-Wv. imkv{Xkmt¶XnI cwKßfnepw ASnÿm\ taJeIfnepw
Gsd apt∂dnb cmPyßfnse√mw t_m[\am[yaw Ah-c-h-cpsS amXr`mjbmWv
F∂Xpw {i≤nt°≠ ImcyamWv. F∂m¬ kz¥w amXr-`m-jm am[yaØnep≈
]T\sØ A[aambn ImWpIbpw A\y-cpsS amXr-`m-j- hgn-bp≈ ]T-\sØ al-
Øcambn sIm≠m-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ {]hWXbpw AXn\v kuI-cy-ß-sfm-cp-°epw
tIc- f - Ø n¬ ASpØ ImeØmbn i‡ns∏´phcnIbmbncp- ∂ p. htcWy
hnZymebßfpw km[mcW hnZymebßfpw F∂ coXnbnepw Ahbv°p≈n¬ Xs∂
aebmfw aoUnbw Ivfmkp-Iƒ, Cw•ojv aoUnbw Ivfmkp-Iƒ F∂ coXnbnepw Cu
hn`P\w XpScp∂p. Fkv . kn.C.B¿.Sn Xømdm°n \¬Ip∂ aebmfam[ya
]mT]pkv X I߃ am‰nh®psIm≠v kzImcyI®hS°mcpsS ]pkv X I߃
D]tbmKn°p∂ hnZymebßfpw {]h¿Øn-®p-t]m-cp-∂p.
Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ k¿°m¿ taJe kz-Imcy taJ-e F∂ hy-Xym-ktam kne-
_kv hyXym-ktam IqSmsX tIcfØnse F√m hnZymebßfnepw aebmf`mj
]Tn∏n°Wsa∂ k¿°m¿ DØ-chv Hcp kp{]-[m\ Nph-Sp-h-bv]m-Wv. F∂m¬
At∏mgpw A[y-b\-am-[yaw ae-bmf-am-I-W-sa∂ \njvI¿j-bns√∂Xv \ncm-im-P-\-
Ihp-am-Wv. aebmfw am[yaØneqsS-bp≈ ]T\Øn\v C∂v \nehnep≈ ]cnanXamb
kuIcy߃ t]mepw C√mXmIm\pw ]Icw, aebmfw Hcp hnjbambn am{Xw
]Tn∏n®m¬ aXn F∂ A]ISIcamb hmZw Db¿∂phcm\pap≈ km[yX ImWm-Xn-
cp-∂p-Iq-Sm.
B[p\nIhn⁄m\w Dƒs°m≈m≥ am{Xw kmt¶XnI hnImkw aebmfØn\n√
F∂ hmZamWv aebmfw t_m[-\-am-[y-aam-°p-∂-Xns\ FXn¿°p-∂-Xn\v Dt]m¬-_-
e-I-ambn D∂-bn-°-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂-Xv. -CXv Xo¿Øpw \nc¿∞IamWv. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈
hnImkw `mjbv°v t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. AXn\v B[p\nIhn⁄m\
Øns‚ F√m taJeIsfbpw A`nktw_m[\ sNøm\p≈ Ahkcw `mjbv°p
≠mIWw. AXv {]tbmP\s∏SpØm\p≈ AhImiw kaqlØn\v In´Ww. ]T\hnj-
b-taXm-bmepw t_m[\w amXr`mjbneqsSbmIpI F∂Xv AXn-te-°p≈ BZy-]-
Sn-bmWv. hnZym-e-b-ß-ƒ `mj-bpsS t]cn¬ h®p-]p-e¿Øp∂ A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw
Aim-kv{Xo-b-X-Ifpw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v kvIqƒ XeØn¬ 12˛-mw ¢mkv hscbpap≈ hn-
Zym-`ymkw ]q¿W-ambpw amXr-`m-jb - n-em-°m-\p≈ \nb-a\- n¿am-WØ- n-te°v kwÿm\w
ASpØ NphSphbvt°-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu XpS°w Ahn-sStb ]q¿Øn-bm-Iq.
 kºm-Z-I≥: tUm.-Fw.-B¿.-kpZ¿i-\-Ip-am¿
imkv{Xhm¿Ø- {]n≥kn-∏mƒ, Fw.Pn.-tIm-tf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
Email: sudarsanmr@gmail.com)

{Klß-fpsS D¤hw: ]pXnb am¿§-߃

kuc-bq-Y-Øn-\v shfn-bn¬ Is≠-Ø-s∏´ Hcp {KlamWv s\]vSyq-
Wns‚ {Zhy-am-\-ap≈ HAT-P-26_n. `qan-bn¬\n∂v 430 {]Im-i-h¿jw AI
s-ebm-Wv CXns‚ ÿm\w. CXns‚ A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Bt‰m-anI`mcw
IqSnb aqe-I-ß-fpsS Afhv Ipd-hm-Wv. kuc-bq-Y{Kl-ß-fmb bpdm-\-
kn¬ \n∂pw s\]vSyq-Wn¬ \n∂pw CXv XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-hp-am-Wv.
s\]vSyq-Wns\ At]-£n®v Xs‚ \£-{X-Øn\v kao]-ØmWv Cu {Kl-
Øns‚ D¤-hs - a∂v Icp-Xs∏Sp-∂p. {KlßfpsS D¤-hs - Ø-Ip-dn®v ]pXnb
kn≤m-¥ßƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Cu Is≠-ج klm-b-I-am-tb°pw.
kuc-bq-Y-Ønse {Kl-ß-fpsS D¤h-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXmWv kuc-bq-Y-Øn\v shfn-bn-ep≈
{Kl-ß-fpsS D¤-hw kw_-‘n® \nK-a-\-ß-fn-¬ imkv{X-⁄¿ FØn-t®c-p-∂-Xv. {Zhy-am\w Ipd-hp≈
{Kl-ß-fn¬ ssl{U-P-t\-°mfpw loen-b-tØ-°mfpw Bt‰m-an-I-`mcw IqSp-X-ep≈ aqe-I-ß-fpsS _mlpey
ap≠m-bn-cn-°pw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v s\]vSyq-Wn¬ Cu aqe-I-ß-fpsS _mlpeyw kqcy-\n-ep-≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ
\qdn-c-´n-bm-Wv. s\]vSyq-Wns‚ 18 Cc´n {Zhy-am-\-ap≈ hymg-Øn¬ kqcys‚ A©n-c´ntb-bp-≈q. F∂m¬
s\]vSyq-Wns‚ {Zhy-am-\-am-sW-¶nepw Bt‰m-an-I-`mcw IqSp-X-ep≈ aqe-I-ß-fpsS km∂n[yw HAT-P-26 _n
˛bn¬ -Ipdhm-Wv. CXv {Kl-Øns‚ D¤-hsØ Ipdn®v ]pXnb kn≤m-¥-߃ cq]s∏-Sp-Øm≥ klm-b-I-c-
am-Ipw. F∂m¬ GsX-¶nepw \nK-a-\-ß-fn-se-Øm≥ Ct∏mƒ e`y-am-b{X Um‰ aXn-bm-hn-s√-∂mWv Cu
Kth-j-W-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ imkv{X-⁄cpsS A`n-{]m-bw. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Jet Propul-
sion Laboratory, Space Telescope Science Institute F∂o Kth-j-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-sebpw Ata-cn-°-˛-Cw-•-≠v˛
{^m≥kv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse hnhn[ k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fn-sebpw hnZ-Kv[-cmWv Kth-j-I-kw-Lmw-K-߃. Kth-
j-Whpw Kth-j-W^-ehpw kw_-‘n®v Ah-sc-gp-Xnb teJ\w sabv 12 se Sceince˛¬{]kn-≤s∏Sp-Øn-
bn- ´ p≠v . (Ah- e w_w: www.sciencenews.org/article/watery-exoplanets-skies-suggest-unexpected-origin-story)

C˛-kn-Kc
- ‰pw lm\n-Icw
]
- pI-bn-√msX ]pI hen°mw F∂ ]c-ky-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Cet{ŒmWnIv kn-Kcc-‰p-If - psS IS-∂p-hc - h- v.
hmk-\b - p≈ {Zmh-IsØ _mjv]a - m°n hen-°p∂ am¿K-am-Wv C-Xn¬ Ah-
ew-_n-°p-∂X - v. Cu {Zmh-IØ - n¬ km[m-cW - b - mbn \nt°m-´n\pw AS-ßn-bn-
cn-°pw. {]ikvXcmb hy ‡n-Iƒ C˛-kn-Kc - ‰v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]c-kyw I≠v
[mcmfw Iuam-c° - m¿ CXn-te°v BIr-„cm-Ip-∂p-≠.v C˛-kn-Kc - ‰- n-ep≈ cmk-
h-kvXp-°ƒ izmk-tIm-isØ tZmj-Ic - a
- mbn _m[n-°p-sa∂v ]pXnb ]T-\-
߃ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p. Ata-cn-°b - nse kvIqfp-If - n¬ ]Tn-°p∂ Iuam-c-
°m-cpsS C˛-kn-Kc - ‰v D]-tbmKw Ign™ h¿jw am{Xw aq∂va - S- ß - mWv h¿≤n-
®Xv! izmk-tIm-iØ - n\v am{X-a√ - , Iuam-c°
- m-cpsS akvXn-jv°Ø - n\pw \nt°m-´n≥ lm\n-Ic - a- m-sW∂v bp.-Fk - v.
^pUv B‚ v {UKv AUvan-\n-kvt{S-js‚ `mK-amb sk‚¿ t^m¿ Sp_mt°m t{]mUIvSvkv Ub-dŒ - ¿ - Mitch Zeller
Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p.
knK-c‰v hen ioe-am-Ip-∂X - n\v Imc-Ww AXn-eS- ß - n-bn-cn-°p∂ \nt°m-´n-\m-Wv. ]pI-he - n-°ptºmƒ AXn
t\mtSm∏w lm\n-Ic - a
- mb a‰v hkvXp-°fpw izmk-tIm-iØ - n-se-Øpw. C˛-kn-Kc - ‰
- n¬ a‰v ]Zm¿∞-ßf - p-≠m-hn-√.
]pXnb ]T-\Ø - n¬ izmk-tIm-iØ - n\v km[m-cW knK-c‰pw C˛-kn-Kc - ‰pw Htc-t]mse lm\n-Ic - a - m-sW-∂mWv
Is≠-Øn-bX - v. \nt°m-´n≥ AS-ßmØ C˛-kn-Kc - ‰pw izmk-tIm-iØ - n\v tZmj-Ic - a
- mWt{X. {Zmh-IØ - n-eS- ß - n-
bn-´p≈ tZmj-Ic - a- mb emb-Iß - fmhmw CXn-\v Im-cW - w. Ata-cn-°b - nse C¥ym-\t- ]m-fn-knep≈ C¥ym\
k¿h-Ie - m-im-eb - nse sFdn\ s]{Sm-sj(Irina Petrache) t\XrXzw \¬Inb kwL-amWv Cu Kth-jW - Ø - n-
te¿s∏-´X - v. sabv 26˛se American Journal of Physiology -Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology.˛bn¬ Ah-cpsS
{]_‘w e`y-am-Wv.(Ah-ew_w: www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/vaping-may-harm-lungs)

CuPn-]‰
v n¬ as‰mcp ]pcm-X\ ]ncnanUv
CuPn-]v‰n¬ DXvJ\
- \
- w \S-Øp∂ Hcp k - wLw Kth-jI - ¿ 3700 h¿jw ]g-°a - p≈ as‰mcp ]nc-anUv IqSn
Is≠-Øn. sIbvtdm°v 25 ssa¬ sX°mWv Cu ]nc-anUv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂-
Xv. 4600 h¿j-߃°v apºmWv kvt\^dp(King Sneferu) cmPmhv s_‚ (v Bent)
]nc-anUpw sdUv(Red) ]nc-anUpw \n¿an-®X- v. At±-lØ - ns‚ ]p{X-\mb Jp-
^p(Khufu) \n¿an-®XmWv Knk-bnse henb ]nc-anUv(Great pyranid of Giza). Cu
Ime-L´- Ø- n\v 1000 h¿jw tijw \n¿an-®X - mWv ]pXn-bX - mbn Is≠-Ønb
]nc-an-sU∂v IW-°m-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p. (Ah-ew_w: http://www.foxnews.com/science/
2017/04/04/egypt-just-found-another-ancient-pyramid.html

8 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017

Pq ¨h¿j-5: sHcpØbpw
temI ]cn-ÿn-Xn-Zn\w IqSn. Hmtcm
ap{Zm-hm-Iyhpw {]ta-bhpw hy
Xy-kvXa - m-bn-cn-°p-sa-¶n-epw, {]Ir-Xn-˛a
- \- pjy ]mc-kv]-
cyhpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS hn`-h˛-- P - ¥p-kk- ymZnPoh-Pme˛-]mcn-
ÿn-Xn-I˛A-¥c - o-£ k¥p-en-Xm-hÿ - I - fpw a\p-jys‚
\ne-\n¬]n\v F{X-am{Xw {][m-\-am-sW∂ Bfl-
t_m[w Hmtcm-cp-Øcnepw -D-W¿Øp-I, Ah-t_m[w
]pXp-°pI F∂-XmWv Zn\m-N-c-W-Øn-s‚ e£yw.
a\p-jys\ {]Ir-Xn-bpambn Iq´n-bn-W°pI (Con-
necting People To Nature) F∂ e£y-Øn-eq-∂nb {]h¿
Ø\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°mWv CØ-h-WsØ Blzm-\w.
Cu hnj-bw, \Ωƒ F{]-Im-c-amWv {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
`mK-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw F{X-ta¬ KmV-ambn \ma-
Xns\ B{i-bn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw ]cym-tem-Nn-°m≥
Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcbpw t{]cn-∏n-°p-sa-∂mWv Zn\m-N-c-W-
Øn\v Np°m≥ ]nSn-®p-h-cp∂ bp.-F≥.-C.-]n-bpsS
{]Xym-i.
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS kzm`m-hn-I-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ \ΩpsS
t£ssa-iz-cy-߃°v GsX√mw FÆ-a‰ coXn-I-fn-
emWv XpW-bm-Ip-∂Xv/XpW-tb-Ip-∂Xv F∂v Xncn-
®-dn-bm≥ imkv{X- ]ptcm-K-Xn am{X-a-√, BtKm-f-Xm-
]\w t]mep≈ s]cp-In-hc - p∂ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]iv\-
ßfpw DXIn-bn´p-≠v. temI-Ønse h\-ßfpw kap-{Z-
ßfpw aÆp-sa√mw Im¿_¨ Utbm-IvsskUpw
aosYbv\pw t]mep≈ lcnX-Kr-l- hm-X-I-߃°v
{]Ir-Xn- Hcp-°nb kw`-c-W-im-e-I-fm-sW∂v \ap-°-
dn-bmw. I¿j-Icpw a’y-_-‘\w \S-Øp-∂-hcpw
ÿe˛Pe {]Ir-Xnsb {]tbm-P\ - s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv \ap°v
`£Ww H-cp-°p-∂-Xv. `qan-bpsS AXn-i-b-I-c-amb
ssPh -ssh-hn-[y-sam-cp-°p∂ Zi-e-£-°-W-°n\v
Poho-h¿K-ßf - n¬ \n∂v tiJ-cn-°p∂ P\n-XI - ]- Z- m¿∞-
߃ D-]tbm-Kn-®mWv imkv{X-⁄¿ Huj-[ß - ƒ hnI-
kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Npcp-°-Øn¬, {]IrXn kpÿn-c-X-
tbmsS \ne-\n-∂mte a\p-jy\pw kpÿn-c-amb \ne-
\n¬]p≈p F∂v A¿∞-i-¶-bn-√msX ]d-bm-\mhpw
hn[w {]Ir-Xnsb B{i-bn-°p-∂-h-cmWv \Ωƒ.
temI-Øn-se-hn-sS-bp-ap≈ {Kmao-WP - \ - X {]Ir-Xn-
bp-ambn CW-ßn-t®¿∂v Xs∂-bmWv Pohn-°p-∂Xpw
D]Poh\-hrØn Is≠-Øp-∂-Xpw. {]IrXn k÷-am-
°n-bn-´p≈ kzm`m-hnI Pe-hn-Xc - W kwhn-[m-\ß - fpw
^e-`q-bn-jvT-X-bp≈ aÆp-amWv Xßsf \ne-\n¿Øp-
∂-sX∂v Xncn-®-dn-hp-≈-h-cmWv Ah¿. ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-
hyq-l-߃ aen-\o-I-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Aan-X-Nq-j-W-
Øn-eq-sSbpw Imem-h-ÿm-hy-Xn-bm-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw
A]m-b-`o-j-Wn-bn-em-hp-tºmƒ Ah-cmWv AXns‚
BLmX-߃ BZyw G-- ‰p-hm-tß-≠n-hc - nI; Ah-cpsS
kpÿn-Xn-bmWv _en-I-gn-°-s∏-Sp-I. ]mcn-ÿn-XnI
hyql-߃ \n¿h-ln-°p∂ tkh-\-ß-fpsS aqeyw
\mW-bc - q-]Ø
- n¬ aXn-°m≥ kmº-ØnI hnim-cZ- ∑ - m¿
{]b-Xv\n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS {]Zm-\ß - sf
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 9
 kmº-ØnI ]Zm-h-en-Ifn¬ aqey-\n¿Wbw \S-Øm-
\m-hn-√. AtX-k-abw ISpØ £maw I◊p-∂n-se-
Øp-thmfw B {]Zm-\-ß-fpsS aqeyw Bcpw Xncn-®-
dn-bm-dp-an-√.
{]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbmSpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-
]q¿W-amb kao-]\ - a
- mWv \ap-°p-≠m-tI-≠X - v. AØ-
c-samcp kao]-\-Øns‚ A`m-h-amWv temIw t\cn-
Sp∂ F√m ]mcn-ÿn-XnI{]iv\-߃°pw tlXp.
BtKm-fX - m-]\
- hpw hyh-kmbP\y-amb ]cn-kc - a- e
- n-\o-
I-cW- hpw Pe-t{km-X  - p-If- psS {lkzm-bp- pw acp-`q-
h¬°-cW - hpw F-∂p-th≠ Imem-hÿ - m-hy-Xn-bm-\w
hscbpw CXns‚ km£y-]{- X-ßf - m-W.v a\p-jys‚ DØ-
c-hm-ZnØw {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sm-bn-cp-∂n√ kz¥w kº-Øn-
t\m-Sm-bn-cp-∂p, F∂pw Fßpw Fhn-sSbpw.
tIc-fhpw hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-∂n-√. F∂v am{X-a√
tIc-fsØ kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw, ta¬]-d™ DØ-
c-hm-Zn-Ø-]q¿W-amb kao-]-\Øns‚ A`mhw AXn
s‚ aq¿[-\y-Zi - b
- n-em-sWt∂ ]d-tb-≠q. \ΩpsS ]cn-
an-X-amb hn`-h-k-º-Øp-I-tfm-Sv, ssPh sshhn-[y-
Ønt\m-Sv, PohnXw Ign-°p∂ ]cn-k-cØnt\mSv \mw
]pe¿Øp∂ at\m-`mhØn¬ CXv hniz-cq]w Im´n
\n¬°p-∂p. \sΩ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂ kmaq-ly-
˛cm{„ob {]ÿm-\-߃ ]›n-a-L´ kwc-£W
ip]m¿i-I-tfmSv Im´nb \ne-]mSv B at\m-`m-h-
Øns‚ icn-bmb {]Xo-Ia - mbn Ncn-{X-Øn¬ CSw ]nSn-
aq∂m¿ Itø-‰-Øns‚ Ipcp-°-gn°m≥..
] ›naL´Ønte°p≈ IpSntb‰hpw AhnsS
\S°p∂ `qan Itø‰hpw tIcfØn¬ cmjv-
{Sobhpw ]mcnÿnXnIhpamb henb {]Xnk‘nbm
bn amdnbn´p≠v. hnhn[ ImeL´ßfn¬ IpSntbdn
bhcpw henb em`w tamln®v Itødnbhcpw sImtfm
Wnb¬ ImeL´Øn¬ cq]wsIm≠ tXm´ßƒ
ssI°em°nbhcpw tN¿∂mWv ]›naL´Øn¬
a\pjyhmkw hym]n∏n®Xv. D]Poh\Øn\mbp≈
sNdpInS IpSntb‰w apX¬ h≥InS tXm´w apX
emfnamcpsS Itø‰hpw, hyhkmbmhiy߃°mbn-
Sqdnkw tem_n \SØp∂ Itø‰hpw ]›naL´
Øn¬ D≠mbn´p≠v. IpSntb‰sØ cmP`cWIme
Øpw Xncps°m®n cq]oIcWØn\v tijhpw `cW
IqS߃ t{]m’mln∏n®n´p≠v. "t{Km tam¿ ^pUv'
]≤XnbpsS `mKambpw kwÿm\ AXn¿Øn \n¿W
bn°p∂Xns‚ `mKambpw `cWIqSw ap≥ssI FSp
Øv \SØnb IpSntb‰ßƒ \ntj[n°pI km[ya√.
Ncn{X]camb ImcWßfm¬ Ah km[qIcn°s∏Sp
∂p F∂v IcpXWw. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ F√m \nb{¥
W߃°paXoXambn Itø‰w AXoh cq£amhpI
bpw Ip∂v, ae, ]mds°´pIƒ, h\w XpSßnb hnhn
[ `qcq]ßfS°w ÿqehpw kq£vahpamb ]cnÿn
XnbmsI XI¿°p∂ XcØn¬ henb \n¿amW
{]h¿Ø\߃ \S°pIbpw sNbvXpIgn™p. ]cn
ÿnXnbpsS XI¿® Imemhÿmam‰Øn\pw
10 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
®n-cn-°p-∂p. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ t]cn-emWv \ΩpsS
\m´nse H´p-an° h≥InS ]mcn-ÿn-XnI [zwk-\-
ßfpw \S-∂n-´p-≈Xv. hnI-k\w Bkq-{XWw sNøp-
∂-hcpw hnI-k\w \S-∏m-°p-∂-hcpw bmsXmcp ]mcn-
ÿn-Xn-Im-h-t_m-[-hp-an-√m-Ø-h-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂
thWw \Ωƒ a\-kn-em-°m≥. AXp-sIm≠mWv
s\¬h-b-ep--Ifpw \o¿Ø-S-ßfpw \nI-Øm\pw cq]-
am‰w hcp-Øm\pw Ip∂p-Ifpw ae-Ifpw CSn®v \ncØn
IS-Øm\pw `qan Xpc∂v Xpc∂v ]mdbpw I√pw
J\\w sNøm\pw ]pg-Isf Ib-ß-fm°n asÆ-Sp-
°m\pw h\-߃ Itødn sh´n shfp-∏n-°m\pap≈
A\p-a-Xn-Iƒ Bthmfw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn--°-s∏-´p-sIm-t≠-
bn-cp-∂X- v. {]Ir-Xn-tbmSv Cc-tbm-sS-∂h - Æ
- a
- p≈ Nqj-
I-`m-h-am-bn-cp∂p, ASn-a-tbm-Sp≈ DS-a-bpsS Ah-Im-
i`mh-am-bn-cp-∂p, i{Xp-hnt\m-sS∂ t]mse-bp≈
\njvTp-cX - b- m-bn-cp∂p Ah-bn¬ Bte-J\w sNø-s∏-
´-Xv.
{]IrXn a\p-jy-t\mSv C{X-ta¬ CW°w Im´n-
bn-´p≈ HcnSw tIcf-a√ - msX C¥y-bn¬ as‰m-∂p-≠m-
hn-√.-\m-a-Xn¬ A`n-am-\n-°m-dp-≠v. AXns\ ]mSn-∏p-
I-gvØm-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ {]Ir-Xn-tbmSv \mw CW°w
Im´n-bn-´n√. {]Ir-Xnbpw CW°w shSn-™p-Xp-S-ßn-
b-Xns‚ e£-Wa - m-bn-cp∂p CønsS \mw IS-∂p-t]m∂
hcƒ®. sX‰p-Xn-cpØn {]Ir-Xn-tbmSv CW-ßpI;
{]IrXn IqSp-X¬ ]nW-ßm-Xn-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬...
Pe£maØn\psams° ImcWambn amdnbn´p≠v.
A\mtcmKyIcamb I£ncmjv - { SobXmXv ] cyw
sIm≠pw ]mcnÿnXnI Aht_m[Øns‚ Ipdhv
sIm≠pw hnhn[ cmjv-{Sob]m¿´nIƒ Itø‰w Dƒ
s∏sSbp≈ IpSntb‰sØ Hfn™pw sXfn™pw
t{]m’mln∏n®psIm≠ncn°p∂p. Cu {]hWX
ASnb¥ncambn XS™v ]›naL´sØ Poht\msS
\ne\n¿ØpIsb∂Xv tIcfØns‚ \ne\n¬∏n\v
Xs∂ A\nhmcyamWv. tIcfØn¬ ]›naL´Øn¬
DS\ofw CØcw Itø‰w \S∂n´ps≠¶nepw CSp°n
Pn√bnse aq∂m¿ `mKsØ Itø‰w khntijamb
{i≤ BI¿jn°pwhn[w AXnk¶o¿Wamb H∂m
bn hf¿∂n´p≠v.
F¥v sNømw? Nne \n¿t±-i-߃
1. \nb-a-hn-cp≤-amb F√m Itø‰-ßfpw Hgn-∏n-°p-
I; D]-Po-h-\-Øn-\mbn IpSn-tb-dn-b-hsc ]cn-ÿn-
Xn°v tZmj-Icam-Im-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ ]p\-c-[n-h-
kn∏n°p-I.
2. 1971-˛\v apºv dh-\yp-`q-an-bnepw 1977˛\v apºv h\-
`q-an-bnepw \S∂ Itø‰ßƒ \nb-a-]-c-ambn
AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ AØ-c-°m¿
°v `qan-bn¬ Ah-Imiw \evIp-I; AXn\v tij-
ap≈ Itø-‰-߃ Hgn-∏n-°p-I.
3. tXm´-ap-S-a-Iƒ `qan Itø-dn-sb∂ Btcm-]Ww
 Db¿∂ CS-ß-fn-se√mw Ah-cpsS `qan Af∂v
Xncn°p-I; Ah¿ A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn ssIhiw h
®n-cn-°p∂ `qan Xncn-s®-Sp-°p-I.
4. ]m´-°m-em-h[n Ign-™Xpw ]e ImcW߃
sIm≠v k¿°m¿ aptºXs∂ Gs‰SpØn´p≈
Xpw Ct∏mgpw kzImcyhy‡nIfpsS Iøn¬ XpS
cp∂Xpamb tXm´ßƒ ]nSns®SpØv `qclnX¿°v
hnXcWw sNøpI. cmPamWnIyw dnt∏m¿´nse
ip]m¿iIfpw kwÿm\ Bkq{XWt_m¿Uv
`q]cnjv - I cWØns‚ XpS¿{]h¿Ø\ßsf
°pdn®v Xømdm°nb ]T\dnt∏m¿´nse hnhcß
fpw 1977˛\v apºv IpSntbdnbh¿°v ]´bw \¬Ip
∂Xv kw_‘n®v dh\yq-˛h\w hIp∏pIƒ \SØn
b kwbp‡ ]cntim[\bn¬ e`n® hnhcßfpw
CXn\mbn D]tbmKs∏SpØmhp∂XmWv.
5. CSp-°n-Pn√bnse ]´bw At]-£-Iƒ I¿°-i-
ambn ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂v _‘-s∏-´- I-
W-°p-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. "`qclnXcn√mØ tIc
fw' ]≤Xn {]Imcw CSp°nbn¬ BsI At]£
I¿ 20,000 t]cpw A¿lcmsW∂v Is≠Øn-b-
h¿ 8500 t]cpam-Wv. ]´bw Xømdm°nbXv 5700
t]¿°msW- ¶ n¬ ]´btcJ \¬InbXv 4500
t]¿°pw `qan Af∂v sImSpØXv 3500 t]¿
°pat{X. hm-k-tbm-Ky-a-√ F∂-Xn-\m¬ 425 t]¿
`qan Xncn®v \¬IpI- b p- ≠ m- b n. `qan°v Icw
AS®h¿ 500 t]cmWv; hoSv h®h¿ 27 t]cpw.
alm`qcn`mKhpw hymP At]£Itcm _n\manI
tfm BsW∂v thWw CXn¬\n∂v a\- n-em-
°m≥. BI-bm¬ (1) k¿°mcns‚ ]´b\bw
]p\x]cntim[nt°≠Xpw (2) Hm¨sse≥
t]m°v hchv \n¿_‘amt°≠-Xp-am-Wv.
6. tXbn-e-tØm-´-ß-fn¬\n∂v hnc-an-°p∂ `qc-ln-X-
cmb sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v ]m¿∏nSw \evI-W-sa∂v
Xocp-am-\n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv aq∂m-dn¬Ø-
s∂-bm-I-W-sa∂n√. Aev]w amdn ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-
ambn tZmj-ap-≠m-Im-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ Ah¿°p≈
]p\-c-[n-hmk ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
7. aq∂m¿ {]tZ-i-Øns‚ hml-I-tijn(Carrying ca-
pacity) ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n, A[nIw Xma-k-°m-
cps≠∂v Is≠-Øp-∂-]£w -Ahsc BI¿j-
I-amb ]mt°-Pn-eqsS ]p\-c-[n-hkn∏n-°p-I.
8. aq∂m-dnse `qan{]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v anj≥
amXrIbn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xpw PpUojy¬
A[nImcap≈Xpamb ssl ]h¿ IΩn‰n°v k¿
°m¿ cq]w \¬IWw. Cu IΩn‰n°v \nba]cam
b ]n≥_ehpw sImSp°Ww. CXns‚ t\XrXz
Øn¬ Bhiyamb{X k¿th DtZymKÿsc aq
∂mdn¬ hn\ykn°pIbpw \mj-W¬ dntam´v
sk≥knwKv GP≥kn- b psS klm- b - t ØmsS
D]{KlNn{XßfS°ap≈ kmt¶XnIhnZyIƒ
(Satellite imagery) D]tbmKn®v Bdv amkØn\Iw
dok¿th ]q¿Ønbm°n Bhiyamb Um‰m_m¶v
Xømdm°pIbpw Cu {]tZiØp≈ `qansb h\
`qan, tXm´`qan, Irjn`qan, hmk`qan F∂nßs\
th¿Xncn°pIbpw thWw. apºv hnXcWw sNbv
X ]´bßfpsS km[pXsb°pdn®v ]cmXnbpbcp
∂ ]£w ssl ]h¿ IΩn‰n°v AXv ]cntim[
\mhnt[bam°mhp∂XmWv. Cßs\ Xømdm
°p∂ tcJ D]tbmKn®v Itø‰w ]q¿Wambn
Hgn∏n°pIbpw A¿lcmb IpSntb‰°m¿°v
am{Xw `qan Dd∏m°pIbpw thWw.
9. Cu \S- ] - S n- { Ia߃ ]q¿Øn- b m- I p- ∂ - X p- h sc
aq∂m¿ taJebnse F√m \n¿amW{]h¿Ø
\ßfpw ]´-b-hn-X-c-Whpw -\n¿Ønhbv-°Ww.
(A-h-ew_w: aq∂m¿ Itø-‰-{]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-
∂Xv kw_-‘n® N¿®-Iƒ°mbn tIcf apJy-a{¥n
sabv 7˛\v hnfn-®p-tN¿Ø tbmK-Øn¬ imkv{X-km-
lnXy ]cn-jXv ka¿∏n® \n¿t±-i-߃)
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 11
 tUm. sI.-F≥.KtWiv
knganesh2008@gmail.com

bp‡n-]-c-Xbpw sshIm-cn-I-Xbpw
tIc-f-k-aq-l-Øn¬

bp ‡n- ]-c-X- F∂ t]mse bp‡n-cm-ln-Xyhpw

Hcp Zm¿i- \ nI taJ- e - b m- W v . bqtdm- ∏ n¬
⁄mt\m-Z-b-Øn-\v ti-j-ap-≠mb bp‡n-]-c-X-bpsS
hnImkw B[p-\n-Ii - m-kv{X-sØbpw kaq-lh - y-hÿ - -
sbbpw kzm[o-\n-®p-sh¶n¬ kam-¥-c-ambn bp‡n-
cm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ Z¿i-\-ßfpw hf¿∂p-h∂ -- p-. bp‡n-
s°-Xn-cmbn ssZhw, kzXzw, kØ apX-emb k¶-
ev]-ß-fnemWv CØcw Nn¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ Du∂n-b-Xv.
B[p-\n-I tem-IsØ {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Icp-X-
s∏´ `uXn-I-hm-Z-k-¶-ev]-ß-sfbpw kmaq-ly-ÿm-]-
\-ß-sfbpw imkv{X-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Isfbpw X≈n-
°-f-bp-∂-Xn-te°v Ah {ItaW FØn. ssZhw,
kzXzw apX-em-b-h-bv°v ]-Icw Aaq¿Ø a\p-jy≥,
D◊, I¿ØrXzw apX-emb k¶-ev]-ß-fpsS ASn-
ÿm- \ - Ø n¬ ⁄mt\mZb- I m- e sØ bp‡n- ] - c -
Xbv°v _Z-ep-Iƒ kr„n-°m≥ {ia-߃ \S-∂p. 19-
˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ \n∂v -h-f¿∂p-h∂ tkmjy-enÃv _Z-
ep-Iƒ, bp‡n-]-c-Xsb \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂
bqtdm-∏n¬ hf¿∂p-h∂ apX-em-fn-Øh - y-hÿ- sb adn-
I-S-°m-\p≈ {ia-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. imkv{X-km-t¶-Xn-I-
hnZy- I ƒ, kmaq- l y- hn- I m- k w apX- e m- b - h - b psS
{]k‡nsb Ah \ne-\n¿Øp-I-bpw, -km-aq-ly-amb
Nqj-Wc - q-]ß - ƒ C√m-Xm-°p-Ibpw, hn`-hß - f - p-sSbpw
Dev]-∂-ß-fp-sSbpw \oXn-bp-‡-amb ]p\¿hn-X-cWw
Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂ ]pXnb kaq-l-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ hn`m-
h\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tkmjy-en-Ãp-Iƒ, Iayq-
Wn-Ãp-Iƒ, A\m¿°n-Ãp-Iƒ, kn≥Un-°-en-Ãp-Iƒ
XpSßn \nc-h[n hI-t`-Z-ß-fp-≠m-sb-¶nepw kaq-l
bm-Ym¿∞y-ß-fn-ep≈ Du∂epw bp‡n-]-c-Xbpw
Ah-bpsS s]mXp-kz-`m-h-ambncp∂p. Cu kw`-h-ß-
fp-sSbpw kmaq-ly-{]-tbm-K-Øn-s‚bpw D¬]-∂-am-bn-
cp-∂p 20˛mw -\q-‰m-≠nse tkmjy-enkw.
kwhm-Z-߃°v c≠v kz`m-h-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
H∂v, Hu]-Nm-cn-I-amb, cq]-]-c-amb bp‡nsb ]n¥p-
S-cp-∂-h. Ahsb \ap°v en_-d¬ kao-]\w F∂v
hnfn-°mw. at‰-Xv, hni-I-e-\m-fl-I-amb bp‡nsb
]n¥p- S - c p- ∂ - h . tkmjy- e nkw t]mep≈ _Z¬
kn≤m¥ßƒ Hu]-Nm-cn-Ib - p-‡n-sbbpw hni-Ie - \- m-
fl-I -bp-‡n-sbbpw ]n¥p-S¿∂p.
20˛mw -\q-‰m-≠nse apX-em-fn-Ø-°p-g-∏-߃, alm-
bp-≤-߃, ^mkn-kw, tImf-\n-hm-gvN-bpsS XI¿®
F∂nh h≥tXm-Xn-ep≈ kmaq-ly-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bmWv
12 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
apX-em-fnØ temI-Øn¬ kr„n-®-Xv. AXn-t\m-Sp≈
{]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Hcp-h-iØv tkmjy-en-Ãv {]ÿm\
ßsf i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn. sXmgn-em-fn-h¿K -{]-ÿm-\-ß-
fpsS hf¿®- Iq-SmsX kmwkvIm-cnItaJ-e-bnepw
tkmjy-enÃv kzm[o\w h¿≤n-®p. djy≥ hn-π-h-
Øns‚ hnPbw Hcp-hi - Øv Bth-ia - p-W¿Øn-sb-¶n¬
tkmhn-b‰v am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ {]tbmK-sØ-Ip-dn-
®p≈ hna¿i-\-ßfpw i‡n-s∏-´p. Cu {]Xn-k‘n
kmwkvIm-cnIcwKØv "B[p-\n-IX' F∂v A-dn-b-
s∏-Sp-∂ Bhn-jv°m-ccq]-ß-fn-te°v \bn-®p.-⁄m-
t\m-ZbØns‚ bp‡n-]-c-X-bnep≈ Du∂epw kmaq-
ly-]p-tcm-K-Xn-sb kw_-‘n® Bi-b-ßfpw hna¿in-
°-s∏-´p. \o‰vsj-bn¬(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche;1844˛-
1900 ) \n∂v B- c w- ` n®v , Pmkv t ]¿kv ( Karl Theodor
Jaspers; 1883˛1969 ), lptkƒ (Edmund Husserl;1859- ˛
1938), sslU-K¿(Martin Heidegger;1889-˛1976) XpSßn
km¿{Xv (Jean-Paul Sartre;1905˛1980 ) hsc FØnb
D◊m-hm-Zn-Iƒ CØcw Nn¥-I-cm-bn-cp-∂p. am¿Ivkn-
k-Øns‚ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®v X- s∂ ⁄mt\m-Zb - Ø i‡-
ambn hna¿in® {^m¶v^¿´v kvIqƒ as‰mcp [mc-bm-
bn-cp-∂p. CØcw [mcIfpw ]ecoXn-Ifnep-≈ Iem-
hn-jv°m-c-cq-]-ßfpw tN¿∂v BZy-Im-e- bp-‡n-]-c-X-
bn¬ \n∂v `n∂-amb Nn¥m-[m-csb hf¿Øn-s°m-
≠p-h-∂p.
c≠v {]h-W-X-Iƒ
c≠v -X-c-Ønep≈ {]h-W-X-Iƒ°mWv CXv cq]w-
\¬In-b-Xv. tkmhn-b‰v am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ hna¿i-\-
Øn¬ \n∂v cq]w-sIm≠(Nn-e-t∏mƒ amthm-bn-khp-
ambpw em‰n\ta-cn-°≥ {]ÿm-\-ß-fp-ambpw sFIy-
Zm¿Vyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂) "]m›mXyam¿Ivknk'ambn-
cp∂p H∂v. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn bp‡n-]-c-X-bn¬
Du∂n-sb-¶nepw tkmhn-b‰v am¿Ivkn-k-Øn¬ \nco-
£n-°-s∏´ bm{¥nI `uXn-I-hm-Z-]-camb(Nn-ecXn\v
sshcp-≤ym-[n-jvTn-X-`u-Xn-I-hmZw F∂v t]cn-´p) [mc-
W-Is - fbpw cm{„ob tkz—m-[n-]X - y-{]-hW
- X- I
- s- fbpw
sNdp-Øp-\n¬°p∂-X-m-bn-cp∂p AXv. CØcw {]h-
W-X-Isf adn-I-S-t°-≠Xv am¿Ivkn-k-Øn¬ Xs∂
Imtem-Nn-X-amb am‰w-h-cp-Øn-s°m-≠m-I-W-sa∂v
Ah¿ hmZn-®p. kwkv°mcw ]cn-ÿn-Xn, sP≥U¿
apX-em-b- ta-J-e-I-fn-ep≈ Du∂¬ CXns‚ `mK-am-
bn-cp-∂p.
as‰mcp {]h-WX, am¿Ivkn-k-a-S-°-ap≈ kn≤m-
¥- ß fnse bp‡n- ] - c - X - b psS(I- t Øm- e n- ° - c psS
ssZhn-I-bp-‡nbpw CXn¬ s]-Spw) \ncm-I-c-W-am-bn-
cp-∂p. Aan-Xm-[n-Im-c-{]-h-W-X-I-fp-sS -h-f¿® a\p-jy-
Xz-lo-\-amb bp‡n-]-c-X-bn¬ \n∂v hf¿∂p-h-∂-Xm-
sW∂ Cu hmZw, bp‡n-]-c-X-bpsS hkvXp-Xm-hm-Z-
]-c-am-b, `uXnI bmYm¿∞y-ß-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb
kao-]-\-ßsf samØ-Øn¬ \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw D◊-
bnepw I¿Ør-Xz-ß-fnepw A\p-`-h-]-c-X-bnepw A[n-
jvTn-X-amb as‰mcp kao-]-\-Øn-te-°v -\o-ßp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. ssI¿°-Km¿Uv(Søren Kierkegaard, 1813˛-1855),
\o‰vsj, sslUK¿ apX-emb bp‡n-]-c-X-bpsS
hna¿i-I¿ ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°-s∏´p. ⁄m\hpw A[n-
Im-chpw XΩnepw kzΩpw ]chpw XΩnepw I¿Ør-
ÿm-\-ßsf tI{μo-I-cn-®p-ap≈ ^pt°m-(Michel Fou-
cault, 1926- ˛ 1984)bpsS hmZ- ß ƒ°pw, ]mT- ß - f psS
A]\n¿Ωm-W-ßsf tI{μo-I-cn® ZcnZm( Jacques
Derrida,1930-˛2004)bpsS \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ°pw, Ahsb
B[m-c-am°n sZtem-bvkv(Gilles Deleuze,1925˛1995),
KzØm-cn(Pierre-Félix Guattari,1930˛1992), AKw-s_≥
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 13
 (Giorgio Agamben,1942), s\{Kn(Antonio Negri,1933)-ap-X-
em-b-h-cpsS cm{„o-b \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ°pw {]m[m\yw
h¿≤n-®p. am¿Ivknkw A-S-°-ap≈ F√m cm{„ob
{]ÿm\ßfpw tNmZy-sN-ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kmaq-ly-hn-
πhw F∂ Bi-bw-Xs∂ hna¿in-°s - ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbv-
Xp. ss\k¿Kn-I-amb {]Xn-tcm-[-ß-fp-sSbpw Iem-
]-ß-fpsSbpw t{]mP-Œp-Iƒ°v e`n® {]m[m\yw
]n∂oSv _Z¬ Pohn-Xc - o-Xn-If
- n-te°pw "kap-Zm-bß - 'fn-
te°pw Xncn- ™ p. ]m›m- X y- a m¿Iv k n- k - Ø ns‚
kzm[o-\-Øn¬ cq]w-sIm≠ hnZym¿∞n-˛kv{Xo {]
ÿm-\-߃, Bt{^m A-ta-cn-°≥ {]ÿm-\-߃,
kmwkv I m- c n- I - { ]- X n- t cm[w apX- e m- b - h - t ]mepw
{ItaW CØcw {]Xn-tcm[ s{]mP-Œp-Ifpw Pohn-X-
ssi- e n- I - f p- a mbn amdn. kmaq- l y- h n- π - h - ß - f psS
{]k‡n \„-s∏´ A¥-co-£-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
tIc-f-Øn¬
tIc-f-Øn¬ P∑n-˛\m-Sp-hm-gnØ Iogvhg-°-ß-fpw
[¿a-imkv{X {]am-Wß - f- pw PmXn-_‘ - ß- fpw tN¿∂v
kr„n® kmaqly {]tbm-K-Øn-\p-≈n-emWv tIc-f-
P-\-X -\n-e-\n-∂-Xv. Aaq¿Ø-amb I¿a-^-e-ß-fp-
sSbpw [¿am-[¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\Ønep≈
hn[n-hn-]c
- yb-ßf- psS \Sp-hn-em-bn-cp∂p a\p-jy¿ Pohn-
®-Xv. {]Xn-tcm-[-߃ ss\k¿Kn-Ihpw hy‡n-]-c-hp-
am-bn-cp-∂p. kmap-Zm-bn-I-X-bp-sSbpw PmXo-b-Xbp-
sSbpw kzm[o-\hpw {Kma-P-\-߃ XΩn-ep≈ sFIy
14 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
hpw AØcw {]Xn-tcm-[-ß-fn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw ImWm-
am-bn-cp-∂p.
{_n´ojv `c-W-Øn≥ Iognse BZy-Im-e -I-em-]-
ß-fnepw Cßs\-bp≈ hy‡n-KX {]Xn-tcm-[Ø - ns‚
kz`m-hw-Im-Wmw. {_n´ojv \nIp-Xn-hm-gvN-bvs°-Xn-sc,
aX-]c - hpw A√m-ØX - p-amb \oXn-hy-hÿ - b - vs°-Xn-sc,
\mSp-hm-gn-Ø-Øn-s\-Xnsc \S∂ BZy-Im-e- I-em-]-
߃ CØ- c - Ø n¬s∏´- h - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. BZy- I me
kmaqly {]Xn-tcm-[-Im-cn-I-fnepw(N-´-ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ,
\mcm-bW - K- p-cp, Aø≥Im-fn, hmKv`S- m-\μ - ≥, inh-tbm-
Kn, thep-°p´n Acb≥, Idp-∏≥) CØcw {]Xn-tcm-
[-Øns‚ Awi-߃ ImW-mw. {ItaW apX-em-fn-Ø
- _ - ‘ - ß - f psS kzm[o\w ]pXnb s]mXp- t _m- [ -
Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-∂p. AXv
kmap-Zm-bn-Ihpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb \nc-h[n kwL-S-
\m-cq-]-ß-sfbpw hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-∂p.
]pXnb kwL-S-\m-cq-]-߃ D≠mbn-h∂ ]›m-
Ø-e-Øn-emWv bp‡n-]-cX hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. BZy
L-´Ø - n¬ \mSp-hm-gn-Øt- Øm-Sp≈ {]Xn-tcm-[Ø - ns‚
`mK-ambn bqtdm-]y≥ ⁄mt\m-Zb - a - p-{Zm-hm-Iy-߃°v
-In-´nb {]Nm-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. \mcm-b-
W-Kp-cphpw a‰pw AXn\v Hcp [m¿an-I-X-ehpw \¬In.
imkv{X-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS {]Nm-chpw AXn\v
Xmßm-bn. {ItaW ]pXnb kaqlcq]-sØ-°p-dn-
®p≈ k¶-ev]-߃ hf¿∂p-h-cn-Ibpw kl-P-Xzw,
kmtlm-Z-cyw, kzmX-{¥yw, km[p-P\w F∂ k¶
ev]w apX¬ ka„-nhmZw(tkmjy-enkw) hsc-bp≈
Bi-bß - ƒ N¿®-sN-øs - ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n¬°m-
esØ Iayq-Wn-Ãv-˛-tkm-jy-enÃv {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS
DZbw bp‡n-]c - X
- bpw kmaq-ly-]c - n-h¿Ø-\hpw XΩn-
ep≈ _‘-sØ-∏‰ - n-bp≈ t_m[y-ßf - psS ASn-ÿm-
\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
CØcw t_m[y-߃ ]e-co-Xn-bn-emWv {]Xy-£-
s∏-´X - v. `mjm˛kmwkv°m-cn-ssI-Iyw, Pohn-Xt- I-{μnX-
amb Ie, Bi-b-ß-fp-sSbpw Bhn-jv°m-c-cq-]-ß-fp-
sSbpw kmaq-ly-]c - X- , kmaq-ly-]c - n-h¿Ø-\Ø - n-ep≈
Hu’p-Iyw, imkv{X-t_m-[w, hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Ønepw
kaq-l-Po-hn-X-Ønepw ]pXnb kaq-l-Øns‚ \mºp-
Iƒ Is≠-Øm-\p-≈ -{i-aw. kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw ASn-
bm-f-cp-sSbpw PohnX-am¿§-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kwhm-
Z-߃ XpS-ßn-bh {][m-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ch-bn¬ {]I-
Sn-∏n® Bi-b-ßsf B[m-c-am°n bmYm--ÿn-Xn-
I˛Dev]X - n-jvWp- hn`m-Kß - ƒ F√m- X-eß - f- nepw hf¿
∂p-h-cn-Ibpw Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ sshcp≤y-߃ Pohn-
X-Øns‚ `mK-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. tZiob {]ÿm-
\hpw AXnse tkmjy-enÃv Iayq-WnÃv {]h-W-X-
Ifpw tN¿∂v ]pXnb Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Bi-
b-ß-sfbpw Bhn-jv°m-c-ß-sfbpw i‡ns∏Sp-Øn.
atX-X-c-Xzw, PmXn-\n-cm-kw, kzmX-{¥yw, P\m-[n-]-
Xyw, ]pXnb Pohn-X-{I-a-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-°p-dn-
®p≈ k¶-ev]-ßfpw hf¿∂p-h-∂p. sXmgn-emfn ka-
c-߃, I¿j-I-{]-ÿm-\-߃, hnZym¿∞n-˛bp-h-P-\ -
{]-ÿm-\-߃, kv{Xoap-t∂‰ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-
sb√mw Cu Bi-b-߃ kzm[o-\n-®p.
Bi- b - ß - f p- s Sbpw {]tbm- K - c o- X n- I - f p- s Sbpw
sshhn-[y-ap-s≠-¶n¬t]mepw en_-d¬ apX-emfnØ
Bi-b-ßsf B[m-c-am-°n-bmWv Ch hf¿∂p-h-∂-
sX-∂v -Im-Wmw. tkmjy-en-Ãv Bi-b-ß-fpsS hf¿
®bpw CXns‚ D≈n-em-bn-cp-∂p. bqtdm-∏n¬ hf¿∂p-
h∂ thh-em-Xn-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ ]pXp-k-aq-l-sØ-
°p-dn-®p≈ ip`m-]vXn-hn-izm-kØ - n¬ apßn-t∏m-bn. B
thh-em-Xn-I-fpsS kzm[o\w tIc-f-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-
s∏-Sp-∂Xv Fgp-]-XpI-fn-em-Wv.
A°mew h - sc \ne-\n∂ ip`m-]vXn-hn-izm-kØ
- n\v
XI¿® kw`-hn-®Xv ]e -Im-c-W-ß-fm-em-bn-cp-∂p.
B[p-\n-I¿ F∂v hnf-n-°m-hp∂, bptdm-]y≥ thh-
em-Xn-Isf kzmwio-I-cn®, Hcp- kwLw _p≤n-Po-hn-
Iƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ h-f¿∂p-h-∂p. s\lvdphns‚ ac-W-
tijw tIm¨{K-kn-ep-≠m-b- am-‰-ßfpw A`n-{]m-b`n-
∂-XI - fpw a≤y-h¿Øn-hn-`m-KØ - ns‚ B{K-lß - ƒs°-
Xn-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n- ]nf¿∂Xpw ]n∂oSv
\Ivk-sse‰v hn`mKw ]pd-Øp-t]m-bXpw ]ptcmKa\-
hm- Z n- I - ƒ °nSbnepw Bi- b - ° p- g ∏w kr„n- ® p.
CXns‚ ^e-am-bp-≠mb ]pXnb N¿®-Iƒ ]pXnb
Nn¥m[mcIsfbpw kt¶X-ß-sfbpw hf¿Øn-s°m-
≠p-h-∂p. Ah-bpw kmaq-ly-amb bp‡n-]-c-X-bvs°-
Xn-cm-bn-cp-∂n-√. F¶nepw bp‡n-cm-ln-Xy-Øn-t‚Xmb
Awi-߃°v ÿm\w \¬Ip∂ \nc-h[n LSI-߃
Ah-bn¬ Ie¿∂n-cp-∂p. Hcp-Im-eØv \Ivk-sse-‰p-
Iƒ AwKo-I-cn® hy‡n-KX D∑q-e-\-hm-Z-Øn\v
\¬I-s∏´ sshIm-cnI \ymbo-I-c-W-߃ DZm-l-c-
W-am-Wv.
\Ivks - se‰v {]ÿm-\Ø - ns‚ XI¿®, Iayq-WnÃv
]m¿´n-I-fn-ep-≠mb hn≈-ep-Iƒ, aX-h¿Ko-b-X-bp-
sSbpw PmXo-b-X-bp-sSbpw i‡-amb Xncn-®p-h-chv
XpS-ßn-b-h -tN¿∂v bp‡n-cm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ hmZ-K-Xn- science)amb Bbp¿th-Zw XpS-ßnb NnIn-’m-co-Xn-
Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬ i‡n- ]-I¿∂p. `q]-cn-jv°-c-W-Øn- Iƒ. hmkvXp apX-emb ho£-W-߃, BNm-c-a-cym-
\v -tijw Hcp ]pXnb a≤y-h¿Kw hf¿® {]m]n-®Xv, Z-Iƒ˛ Bhn-jv°m-c-߃ CXym-Zn-Iƒ°pw, sshIm-
Kƒ^v {]hm-kn- \n-t£-]ß - f- psS kzm[o-\Ø
- n¬ Cu cn-IX
- b
- psS kzXz-\n¿an-Xn-bp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\Ø
- n¬
a≤y-h¿K-Øns‚ i‡n-s∏-S¬, Zfn-Xc-- -S-°-ap≈ ]c- ]pXn-b Poh≥ h-bv°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
º-cm-KX Iogmf kaq-l-ßfpsSbpw ]nt∂m-°-hn-`m-
K-ßfpsSbpw hf¿® apc-Sn-®p-t]mb ÿnXn, BZnhm- sshIm-cnI kao-]\w
kn-I-fpsSbpw Xoc-tZ-i-hm-kn-IfpsSbpw ]pd-¥-≈- ]m›m-Xy-cm{„ß-fn¬ kw`-hn-®-Xp-t]mse Chn-
s∏-S¬ F∂nh-sb√mw hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ {ian-®Xv sSbpw kwL-SnX cm{„obhpw kmaq-ly-{]-h¿Ø-\-
tIc-f-Øn¬ BZy-Im-e-Øp-≠mb hnI-k-\-cq-]-ß-fp- ßfpw \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. hy‡n-KX D◊-Iƒ°v
sSbpw Ah kr„n® sshcp-≤y-ß-fp-sSbpw ]›m- {]m[m\yw ssIh-cn-Ibpw AØcw {]Xn-tcm-[-ßsf
ØeØne-√, CØcw hnI-k-\-cq-]-߃Xs∂ P\- DZm-ØhXv°cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚
hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m-\m-Wv. ]m›mXy B[p- ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ \oXn-I-c-Whpw Ah-bn¬ Nne-
\n-tIm-Øc D◊m-hm-Zn-If - psS kzm[o\w CØcw hmZ- Xn\v \¬Ip-∂p≠v. Cubn-sS-bp≈ "AΩ'amcpsS(ku-
K-Xn-I-fn¬ {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. amthm-bn-k-a-S-°-ap≈ ay-am-cpsS AΩ, PnjvWp-hns‚ AΩ, Pnj-bpsS
CS-Xp-]£ {]h-W-X-Isft∏mepw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ AΩ... ) {]Xn-tcm[w DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. {]Xn-tcm-[-
bp‡n-lo-\Xm ssk≤m-¥n-I¿ {ian-®Xpw Chn-sS Øns‚ hkvXp-\n-jvT-h-i-ß-sf-°mfpw {]m[m\yw
ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. kzmX-{¥yw, ka-Xzw, tkmjy-en- AΩ-am-cpsS kvt\l-hm-bv]n-\v -e-`n-°p-∂Xv, {]Xn-
kw, `c-W-Iq-Sw, P\m-[n-]-Xyw, imkv{X-km-t¶-Xn-I- tcm[w Fßs\ sshIm-cn-I-amb t£m`-ambn Nn{Xo-
hn-Zy-Iƒ apX-embhsb√mw apJy-[m-cm-cm-jv{So-b- I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂-Xn\pZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. "a\p-jym-
Øns‚ A[n-Im-c-cq-]-ß-fmbn hymJym-\n-°-s∏-Sp- h-Im-i-I-Y-Iƒ' F∂- t]-cn¬ F√m- Zn-h-khpw Ah-
Ibpw AXn¬ bp‡n-]-c-Xs-- b°qSn Dƒs∏Sp-Øp- X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Zmcp-W-I-Y-Iƒ, AØcw Zmcp-W-X-
Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS bp‡n-lo-\-Xbv°v ]pXnb CS- Iƒ°v Imc- W - a mb kaq- l - h y- h - ÿ - b n¬ \n∂v
߃ e`y-am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw ]gb th¿s]-SpØn, {]Xn-tcm-[-sØ-t∏mepw Poh-Im-cp-Wy-
CS-ß-fpsS X\n-bm-h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. aX-]-c- {]-h¿Ø\ambn am‰p∂ Ahÿ kr„n-°p-∂p. \ndw-
X, PmXo-bX F∂n-hhsb IqSm-sX, PmXo-b-ss]- t]msebp≈ hy‡n-K-X-ap-{Z-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v ASn-
Xr-I-߃˛ kzXz-\n¿anXnI-ƒ, imkv{X-]q¿h(pre- ÿm-\-ssh-cp-≤y-߃ kr„n-°m-\p≈ {iahpw, a‰p-
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 15
 ≈-h¿ \S-Øp∂ ka-cß - sf sshIm-cnIambn {]tbm-
P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXnbpw D≠v.
CØcw sshIm-cn-IX, GsXmcp kmaq-ly-{]-{In-
b-bp-sSbpw bp‡nkl-amb hni-I-e\Øn\v XS w
\n¬°p-∂-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. ]›n-a-L-´-ß-fnte-°p≈
Itø-‰hpw IpSn-tb-‰hpw tIc-f-Ønse ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-
I -L-S-\sb am{X-a√ -kº-ZvL-S-\tbbpw {]Xn-Iq-e-
ambn _m[n-°p∂XmWv. AtX-k-a-bw, ]›n-a-L-´-
ß-fnse C∂p]-tbm-K-s∏-SmØ πmt‚-j≥ `qan-Iƒ
Gs‰-SpØv `qc-lnXcmb P\-ßsf ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-∏n-
t°-≠X - p-am-Wv. AXn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Kuc-ha - mb N¿®-
Ifpw {]mtbm-Kn-I\ - S- ]
- S- n-Ifpw Bh-iy-hp-am-Wv. AXn-
\v -]-Icw kv{XoI-fpsS taep≈ A[n-t£-]-Øn-s\-
Xn-cmb sshIm-cnI {]Xn-tcm-[-ambn ka-c-߃ amdp-
∂p. hn-Zym-`ym-kcwKØv \S-°p∂ -hmWn-Py-h¬°-
c-W-Øns‚ Kuc-h-ta-dnb {]iv\-߃ Hcp "AΩ-hgn'
ka-c-am-bn- am-dp-∂p. BZn-hm-kn-I-fp-sS AXn-Po-h-\-
k-a-c-ßfpw CXp-t]msebp≈ sshIm-cn-I X-e-Øn-
emWv \S-°p-∂X - v. kv{Xo]o-U\ - s
- Ø-°p-dn-®≈ N¿®-
I-fn¬ Hcn-SØpw ]oU-\-ß-fn-te-°v \-bn-°p∂ kaq-
l-ssh-cp-≤y-ßsf ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂n-√. AXn-\v ] - I
- cw
Ah-sb√mw B¨tIm-bva-bv°v F-Xn-cmb hnIm-c-{]-
I-S-\-am-bn- am-dp-IbmWv. CØcw sshIm-cnI {]Xn-
tcm-[-ßsf "kmwkvIm-cnI {]Xn-tcm[w' F∂ DSp∏-
Wn-bn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
sshIm-cn-IX cm{„ob-k-a-c-ß-fn¬ am{X-a-√,
kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-Ønepw bp‡n-k-l-amb {]iv\-
\n¿Æ-b-Øn\v {]Xn-_-‘-am-hp-∂p. \m´n¬ tZhm-e-
b-ß-fp-sSbpw BNm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw ]p\-cp-∞m-\w- \S-
°p-∂Xv Xs∂, BNm-c-ß-sf-sbm∂pw sshIm-cn-I-
ambn tNmZyw -sN-ø-cp-sX∂ [mc-W-tbm-sS-bm-Wv.
A\mNmc-ß-sfbpw A‘hnizm-k-ß-sfbpw bp‡n-
k-l-ambn tNmZyw sNbvX ]mc-ºcyw tIc-f-Øn-
\ps≠t∂m¿°pI. F∂m¬ ]pd-tºm°v `qan- Itødn
tZhm-ebw ]Wn-Xmepw Ipcniv \m´n-bmepw hnizm-
k-Øns‚ t]cn¬ \ymbo-I-cWw hcn-I-bmWv. i_-
cn-a-e-bv°v -Np-‰p-ap≈ h\-߃ \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv hnizm-
k- Ø ns‚ taem- W v . hnizm- k - Ø ns‚ IS- ∂ p- I -
b‰w(DZm:BNm-c-]-c-amb Hgn-hp-Zn-\-߃) \nXy-Po-hn-
X-{]-h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°v(DZm: hnZym-eb - ß
- fpsS {]h¿Ø-
\w)t]mepw XS- -am-hp-I-bm-Wv. `£-Ww, hkv{X-[m-
cWw tcmK-ip-{iqj XpSßn F√m -ta-J-e-Ifnepw
CS-s]-S¬ \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. hmIvkn-t\-j-s\- sNm√n
D≠m-b- hn-hmZw DZm-l-c-Ww. "A¤p-X-I-c-amb tcmK-
im¥n'Ifpw a\w am‰-hp-sa√mw Ct∏mƒ \nXy-kw-`-
h-ß-fmbn amdnbn-cn-°p-∂p. am{¥nI Ge- p-Ifpw
c£-Ifpw hmkvXphpw apX¬ [ym\hpw tcmK-im¥n
ip{iq-jbpw HmXn-s°m-Sp-°epw hsc-bp≈ F¥pw
bp‡n-cm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ]pXnb km{am-Py-Øns‚ C\-
ß-fm-Wv. Ch tN¿∂mWv ]pXnb sshIm-cnI P\-
kw-kvIrXn kr„n-°p-∂-Xv.
kmaq-ly-amb bp‡n-]-cX AwKo-I-cn-°m-\m-hm-
ØXv sshIm-cn-I-X-bpsS {][m-\- co-Xn. kz¥w
Ip´nt°m _‘p-hns‚ Ip´nt°m hmIvkn-t\-j≥
^e-{]-Z-am-bn√ F∂ A\p-`hw, samØw Ip´n-I-fpsS
ta¬ hm-Ivkn-t\-j≥ \S-Øm≥ ]mSn√ F∂ \nK-a-
16 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
\-Øn-se-Øn-°p-∂p(]n-∂oSmWv _lp-cm{„-Ip-Ø-I-
Iƒ Xøm-dm-°nb hmIvkn≥ apX-emb \oXn-I-c-W-
߃ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xv). kz¥w Imcy-em`w GsX-
¶nepw t£{X-Øn¬ t]mb-Xp-sImt≠m GsX-¶nepw
A¨-Fb - n-UUv kvIqfn¬ tN¿∂v ] - T
- n-®X
- p-sImt≠m
km[n-®XmsW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ AXns\ Hcp
s]mXp- k n- ≤ m- ¥ - a m- b n FSp- ° p∂p. CXp- t ]mse
kvIqfp-Iƒ, Bip-]-{Xn-Iƒ XpS-ßn cm{„ob ]m¿´n-
Isf hsc Bfp-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Ah-c-h-cpsS
hy‡nK-X -t\´-ßsf B[m-c-am-°n-bm-Wv. kmaq-ly-
t\-´-߃ t]mepw AØ-c-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-°s∏Sp-
∂ ÿnXn. kaq-l-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-
W-Ifpw kz]v\-ßfpw a¨a-d-bp-I-bm-Wv. kmtlm-Z-
cyw, kl-P-Xzw, kzX-{¥-k-ap-Zmbw apX-emb k¶-
ev]-߃ \ma-h-ti-j-am-Ip-Ibm-Wv. A[n-Im-c-Øn-\v -
th-≠n-bp≈ hSw-h-en-°m-h-iy-amb hmN-I- I-k-
¿ØmbmWv Ah-sb√mw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°s∏Sp-∂Xv.
AtX k-abw F√m -a-X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fpw DZm-Ø-Ir-Xn-I-
fmbn hymJym\n°s∏Sp-Ibpw PmXn-t\-Xm-°-sf
t]mepw ssZhn-I-h¬°-cn-°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. kmaq-
lyamb bp‡n-]-cX, hy‡n-\n-jvT-X-bv°v -am-{X-a√
AXo-{μn-b-amb sshIm-cn-I-X-bv°pw Iog-S-ßp∂
Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv CXv.
bp‡n-]c
- X
- b
- vs°-Xnsc
B[p-\n-tIm-Øc D◊m-hm-Z-ß-fpsS Ip¥-ap\
am¿Iv k n- k - Ø n- s \- X nsc am{X- a √ ⁄mt\m- Z b
kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS apgp-h≥ -D-ev]-∂-߃°p-sa-Xn-sc-
bmWv \ofp-∂-Xv. imkv{Xw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp
bp‡n-]-c-X-bm-Wv. imkv{XsØ Hcp B⁄m-cq-]-
am-bmWv, A-t\z-jW cq]-am-b-√ Ah¿ ImWp-∂-Xv.
B[p-\n-Ik - a- q-lØ - n¬ Pohn-°m-\p≈ D]-Ic - W
- a - mbn
Cu B⁄-Isf AwKo-I-cn-°mw;AXm-bXv Hcp
kmt¶-XnI cq]-ambn \ne-\n¿Ømw. ]s£ ⁄m\-
cq-]-am-tI-≠-Xn-√. imkv{X-⁄-cp-sSbpw imkv{X hn-
Zym¿∞n-I-fp-sSbpw aX-]-c-X-bn¬ Cu ZznXzw hfsc
{]I-Sa- m-W.v imkv{X-Xe - Ø
- n¬ hf¿∂p-hc - p∂ ⁄m\-
hn-cp-≤X imkv{XsØ shdpw D]-I-c-Wmfl-I-⁄m-
\-am°n am‰p-I-bm-Wv. AtXmsS bp‡n-]-cX \in-
°p-Ibpw D]-Ic - Wmfl-IX thcq∂p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
bp‡n-]c - X
- b- v°v G - ‰hpw henb sh√p-hn-fn-bmbn amdp-
∂Xv imkv{X-cw-K-Øv X -- -s∂-bp≈ bp‡n-cm-ln-Xy-am-
Wv. CtX bp‡n-cm-lnXyw hnZym-`ym-k k-{º-Zm-b-
Øn-emsI hym]n-°p-∂p. bp‡n-]-c-ambn Nn¥n-°p-
∂-h¿t]mepw en_-d-ep-I-fmbn amdn CXns\ AwKo-
I-cn-°p-∂p.
⁄m\- c w- K - Ø p≈ {]Xn- k - ‘ n- b n- t e°mWv
bp‡n-cm-lnXyw \bn°p-∂-Xv. ⁄m\hpw kt¶-X-
ßfpw th¿s]-Sp-∂-tXmsS kwL-Sn-Xhpw Bkq-{Xn-
X-hp-amb kaq-lØ - ns‚ Bh-iy-߃°-\p-kc - n-®p≈
⁄mt\m¬]m-Z\w Akm-[y-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw GsX-
¶nepw hy‡n-bpsS ss\k¿Kn-I-kn-≤n-I-sf- am{Xw
B{i-bn-t°≠nh-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AtX-k-abw
]pdwtemI-Øp≈ Adn-h-pIƒ kt¶-X-ßfpw D¬]-
∂-ß-fp-ambn h≥tXm-Xn¬ FØp-I-bp-am-Wv. ⁄m\-
cwKw ]nd-tIm-´-Sn-°p∂psh-∂v -am-{X-a√, a\p-jym-h-
iy-߃ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn-\v t]mepw ]pdwtemIsØ
B{i-bn-t°-≠n-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p(Pm-Xo-bX hf¿
∂-Xn-\v -tijw \mw Hcp- X-hW IS∂pt]mb Ah-
ÿ-bp-am-Wv CXv). Cu -k-abw ⁄m\w \ne-\n¬°p-
∂Xv aX-]-c-X-bp-sSbpw B[n-Im-cnI "_p≤n-Po-hn-'I-
fpsS D¬]-∂-ß-fp-sSbpw AXn`uXn-I X-e-Øn-em-
Wv. Adnhv km¿h-{Xn-I-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\v -]-Icw Hcp sNdp-
\yq-\-]-£-Øn-¬ HXp-ßp-∂p.
kmaq-ly-hn-πh - ß- ƒ°m-hi - y-amb ASn-ÿm-\h - n-`-
h-߃t]mepw km[m-cW°m-sc kw_-‘n-®n-St- Øm
fw \ncm-Ic - n-°s- ∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿb - m-Wn-Xv. ⁄mt\m¬
]mZ-\k - n-≤n-Iƒ, bp‡n-]c - X- , At\z-jW - ] - c- X, Ah-
bpsS Dev]-∂-ßsf {]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øm-\p≈
Ign-hv, Ah-bv°-\p-]q-c-I-amb kmaq-lym-¥-co-£w,
cm{„ob-LS- \ XpS-ßn-bh - b - n-√msX \h-ka - q-lk- r-„n-
sb- ° p- d n®v Nn¥n- ° p- I - t ]mepw km[y- a - √ . Ah-
sbsb√mw C∂sØ B[p-\n-tIm-Øc sshIm-cn-IX
\ntj-[n-°p-Ib - m-Wv. A[n-Im-cL - S- \
- - F-∂X - p-t]mse
{]Xn-tcm-[hpw Hcp kmwkvIm-cn-Ic - q-]a- m-bn a- m-dp-Ibpw
am[y-a- Zriym-hn-jv°m-c-ß-fm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. cm{„ob-t]m-cm-´-߃°v Hcp h≥ ^p-Svt_mƒ a-
’-cØ - ns‚ kz`m-hw s - sI-hc - nIbpw GsX-¶nepw Hcp-
hn-`mKØns‚ hnPbØn-tem As√-¶n¬ ka-\n-e-
bntem AXv Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. ^pSv
t_m-fn-se -t]mse tPgvkn-Ifpw AS-hp-Ifpw X{¥-
ßfpw ico-c-`m-j-Ifpw hy‡n-K-X-amb [m¿„yhpw
Al-¥bpw Aen-hn-√m-bvabpw \mhp-]n-gbpw tImam-
fn-Øhpsa√mw cm{„ob\mS-I-ßfnepw {]Xy-£-s∏-
Sp-∂p. AØcw \mS-I-ß-fn¬ bp‡n]c-X-sb-°mƒ
ÿm\w hy‡n-\njvTXbv°pw ss\k¿Kn-I-X-bv°p-
am-Wv. hnπ-h-߃, AØcw ss\k¿Kn-I-X-I-fpsS
BI-kvan-I-amb {]I-S-\-߃, AXp-ey-amb Hcp
kw`hw am{X-am-Ip-∂p. AXv aX-]-c-amb Znhm-¤p-X- Ifpw kaq-l-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn¬ FØn°m-\p≈ Ign-
hp-am-Imw. hmWv.
⁄m\-Ønse {]Xn-k‘n cm{„ob {]Xn-k-‘n- CXn\v ssZhn-I-bp-‡ntbm GsX-¶nepw coXn-bn-
bm-Wv. hy‡n-]c - X- bnepw ss\k¿Kn-IX - b
- nepw A\p- ep≈ P\-hn-cp-≤ bp‡n-]-c-Xtbm A√ Bh-iyw.
`-h-]-c-amb sshIm-cn-I-X-bnepw Du∂p∂ cm{„ob- AØcw bp‡n-]-cX kaq-l-Øns‚ kmam-\y-t_m-
Øn\v kmaq-ly-hn-π-h-߃ kr„n-°m≥ km[y-a-√. [-am-Ip-∂Xv kaq-lsØ \in-∏n-°pw. AXn-\p≈ adp-
\hkaq-l-kr„n hy‡n-]-c-amb kw`-h-a-√. AØcw ]Sn ss\k¿Kn-I-X-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ bp‡ncmln-Xy-
am-sW-¶n¬ AXn\v Hcn-°epw A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ kr„n-
kw`-h-ß-fn-eqsS \ne-hn-ep≈ kaq-l-Ønse sshcp-
°p∂ kmam-\y-t_m-[sØ Cf-°m≥ km[n-°n-√.
≤y-߃ C√mbva sNøm≥ Ign-bn-√. hy‡n-KX Iq´m-
kwL-Sn-Xa - X
- ß
- ƒ°pw kap-Zm-bß - ƒ°pw kzb-tah
bva-Itfm Ah¿ kr„n-°p∂ t{]mP-Œp-Itfm ]pXnb
kmaq- l y- h n- π - h - ß ƒ kr„n- ° m≥ Ign- ™ n- ´ n- √ .
ka-q-lßsf hf¿Øp-I-bpan-√. hyXykvX Iq´m-bva- Ah¿°v kmaq-ly-hn-π-h߃°v -ti-j-ap≈ Bi-b-
I-fpsS GtIm-]-\w-sIm≠pw AXv km[y-a-√. kzm\p- kw-ln-X-I-fmbn amdm≥ Ign-™n-´p≠v F∂v am-{Xw.
`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw, t\cn-Sp∂ hkvXp-\n-jvT-bm-Ym¿∞y- Ct∏mƒ AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ GsX-¶nepw tijn kmap-
ß- f p- s Sbpw ASn- ÿ m- \ - Ø n¬ kaqlsam´msI Zm-bn-I-X-bn¬ Btcm-]n-°p-∂Xv Ncn-{XsØ ]nd-tIm-
FØn-t®-cp∂ kaq-l-k-¶-ev]-amWv kmaq-ly-hn-π-h- ´-Sn-∏n-°mt\ D]-Ic - n-°p-Ib
- p-≈p. \ap-°m-hi
- y-ap-≈Xv
Øn- t e°v \bn- ° p- ∂ - X v . AXn- \ v th≠XmI- s ´, \h-k-aq-l-kr-„n-bm-Wv; _¿_-c-X-bn-te-°p≈ Xncn-
sshIm- c n- I - X - b √, bp‡n- ] - c - X - b pw {]tbm- K - ] - c - ®p-t]m-°√ - . AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ C∂v hf¿∂p-hc - p∂
Xbpcam-Wv; hy‡n-]-c-amb Bh-iy-ßsf kaq-l- bp‡n-c-ln-X-cq-]-ßsf {]Xn-tcm[nt°≠Xv kaq-l-
Øns‚ Dev]m-Z\ - t- i-jn-If - p-ambn s]mcp-Øs - ∏-Sp-Øm- ap-t∂-‰-Øns‚ Bh-iy-am-Wv.
\p≈ Ign-hmWv; hy‡n-]-c-amb k¿Km-fl-I-Xsb (2017 G{]n-en¬ IÆq¿ \S∂ imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-
kmaq-ly-amb Bh-iy-߃°v -th≠n {]tbm-P-\-s∏- ]-cn-jØv 54˛mw hm¿jn-I-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ \S-Ønb
Sp-Øm-\p≈ Ign-hm-Wv; C∂v `c-W-I¿Øm-°-fpsS ]n.-Sn. `mkv°-c-∏-Wn-°¿ kvamcI {]`m-j-Ww.)
\nb-{¥-WØ - n-ep≈ F√m- hn-`h - ß- f - pw A[zm-\i - ‡
- n-
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 17
 tPmPn Iq´p-tΩ¬
jojikoottummel@yahoo.com
Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m-≠nse
tIcf \thm-∞m\w
B i-\njvb-ß^ƒ°v t\sc _ew-{]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv
-e-amWv F∂dn-bm-hp∂ Hcm-fm-bn-
cp∂p ln‰ve¿. AYhm ln‰ve¿°v -t]mepw Adn-bm-
hp-∂{X efn-Xa- mb H∂m-bn-cp∂p AXv. F∂m¬ Imbn-
I-amb _e -{]-tbmKw G‰hpw a\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-X-ambn
{]tbm-Kn-®Xpw ln‰ve¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ln‰ve¿
AXn\v Hcp {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-]m-Snbpw \n¿t±-in-®n-cp-
∂p. c≠v Bi-b-߃ XΩn¬ G‰p-ap-´p-tºmƒ, Ah-
bn¬ GXn\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn Imbn-I-amb _e-{]-
tbmKw D≠m-Ip-∂pthm AXn\v AXn-Po-h\ - k- m-≤yX
IqSp-X-emWv. ln‰ve¿ CsX-gp-Xp-∂Xv(sabv≥ Imw^v)
1924 G{]n¬ amk-Øn-em-Wv. AtX-Øp-S¿∂mWv
P¿a≥ \mknkw i‡n-{]m-]n-°p-∂X - v. P¿a-\nbpw C‰-
enbpw ^mkn-k-Øns‚ _q´p-Iƒ°v Xmsg sRcn-
™-a-cp-Ibpw ]ns∂ AXn-s\-Xntc s]mcp-Xm≥ Icp-
Øv t\-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ tIcfw PmXo-b-amb
D®-\o-N-Xz-߃s°Xnsc s]mcp-Xp-Ibpw AXn¬
\n∂v hnSpX¬ t\Sp-Ib - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ln‰ve¿
18 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
_e-{]-tbm-K-Øns‚ kn≤m¥w cq]-s∏-SpØn 90 h¿
j-߃°n-∏pdw tIcf kaq-l-Øn-\v -ta¬, AXns‚
{]mtbm-KnI cq]-߃ {]tbm-Kn-°s∏Sp∂ Hcp cm
jv{SobÿnXn Zriy-am-Wv. tate -kqNn-∏n® hmIy-
Øn\v Bap-Ja - mbn ln‰ve¿ Ipdn® hm°p-Ifpw A£-
cw-{]Xn ]men-°-s∏-Sp∂ ÿnXn-hn-tijw Xs∂-bm-
Wv Ct∏m-gp-≈-Xv. ln‰ve¿ ]d-™Xv _e-{]-tbm-K-
Øns‚ ss\c-¥-cyhpw {Iahpw {][m-\-amWv F∂m-
bn-cp-∂p. _e-{]-tbm-K- at[y Hcp -\n-anjw ktμ-ln-
®m¬ B CS-th-f-bn¬ FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ i‡n-bm¿Pn-
°pw(sabv≥ Imw^v). AXn\m¬ CS-th-f-I-fn-√msX
B{I- a n®psIm- ≠ n- c n- ° Ww F∂mWv AXn- s ‚-
b¿∞w. AXp-sIm≠v cmjv{Sob B{I-a-W-߃,
kwL¿j-߃, sIme-]m-X-I-߃ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-
®p≈ hm¿Ø-Iƒ XpS¿®-bmbn hcp-tºmƒ AXv
^mkn-k-Øns‚ Imsem-®-bmWv F∂v a\- n-em-t°-
≠-Xp-≠v. AXn-s‚-b¿∞w 21-˛mw-\q‰m-≠nse tIcf
\thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ XI¿°-s∏-tS≠ i{Xp
^mknkw Xs∂-bmWv F∂mWv. C¥y-bn¬, AXp- AXmWv "hS-°p-]-Sn-™m-dp-tZ-iØv Nph-∂-kq-cy-\p-
hgn tIc-f-Ønepw, ^mknkw h∂p-I-gn-™pthm Zn-®p' F∂ Ihn-Xsb(k-tlm-Z-c≥ Aø-∏≥) P\n-
C√tbm F∂p-≈- tNmZyw A{X-sbm∂pw {]k-‡-a- ∏n-®-Xv.
√. ImcWw AXv Hcp ]p≈n-∏pen \nßsf ]nSn- ]t£ CXv CtX -cq-]-Øn¬ F√m-°m-eØpw
IqSn°gn-t™m, \nß-fpsS t\¿°v NmSm≥ XpS-ßp- Bh¿Øn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. aX-]-cn-jv°-cWw kmaq-ly
∂-tX-bpt≈m F∂ tNmZyw -t]mse A¿∞-iq-\y- ]-cn-jv°-c-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw, Bcm-[-\m-kzm-X-{¥y-
am- W v . F∂m¬ ln‰v e - d psS P¿Ω≥ \mknkw Øns‚ hne-°p-Iƒ ewLn-°p-∂Xv bp‡n-Nn-¥-bn-
t]msetbm apt m-f-\n-bpsS C‰m-en-b≥ ^mkn-kw- te-°p≈ hf¿®-bm-Ip-∂-Xp-amb ImeØv am{X-amWv
t]m- s etbm Hmkv h mƒUv tam…n- b psS {_n´ojv CXv kwK-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ aXw kmt¶-Xn-I-am-
^mknkw (Xm-Xzn-I-X-e-Ønse¶nepw) t]msetbm bn-s´-¶nepw s]mXp-C-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂v am‰n-\n¿Ø-s∏-
A√ Chn-sS, AJn-te-¥ym-X-e-Ønepw AXns‚ Sp∂ L´-Øn¬, aX-]c - n-jvIc
- Ww kmaqly ]cn-jv°-
{]Xn-^-e-\-ambn tIc-f-Øn-epw, cq]-s∏-Sp-∂ aX-^m- c-Wa - m-Im-Ø L
- ´- Ø
- n¬, Bcm-[\ - m-kzm-X{¥yw F{X-
kn-kw. AXn\v GXn-t\m-sS-¶nepw kmay-ap-s≠-¶n¬ am{Xw ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-am-Ip-sa∂v kwi-bn-°m-sX-h-ø.
AXv kb-Wn-k-tØm-Sm-bn-cn-°pw. h¿Ø-am-\-Ime i_-cn-a-e-bnse kv{Xo{]-th-i-\-hmZw DZm-l-c-W-am-
^mknkw aX-]-c-amWv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂, 19˛mw sb-Sp-°mw. Kpcp-hm-bq-c-º-e-Øn¬ A[xÿn-XP\-hn-
\q‰m-≠nepw 20˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]I - p-Xn-bn-ep-ambn `m-K-߃ {]th-in°p-∂Xv kmaq-ly-am-‰-Øn\v hgn
]S¿∂ \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ apc-Sn-∏n¬ \n∂p-am-Wv sbmcp°p-∂Xv, kaqlw aX-Øns‚ \nb-a-߃ ]men-
AXv Du¿Pw tXSp-∂-sX∂pw ImWmw. ChnsS tIc- ®n-cp∂ L´-Øn-em-Wv. kaqlw atX-X-c-am-sW-¶n¬
f-sØ-∏‰n am{X-amWv ]d-bp-∂Xv. tIcf \thm∞m Cu X¿°w hnizm-kn-I-fpsS B`y-¥-c-Im-cyw am{X-
\w Hcp-Iq´w ka-c-ß-fpsS IY-bm-sW∂v ]d-bmw. am-bn-cn-°pw. lnμp-hmbn Pohn-°p-I-b-√, lnμp-a-X-
F∂m¬ Cu ka-c-߃ \thm-∞m\ {]{In-b-bpsS Øns‚ ]pdØv hcn-I-bmWv th≠-sX∂v DZvtLm-
cmjv{Sobcq]-߃ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ `mK-ambn jn-°p∂ kzX-{¥-k-ap-Zmbw(C.-am-[-h≥) 1930˛Ifn¬
Db¿∂p-h∂ kmaq-ly -{]-ÿm-\-߃°v ]e -X-e-ß- Øs∂ ]pdØv h∂n-cp-∂t√m? C°m-eØv Xs∂
fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. H∂m-a-Xmbn Ah Iogm-f-ap-t∂-‰-߃ Aw_-Zv°dpw t£{X-{]-th-i\w Hcp {][m-\-kw-K-Xn-
Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. "aÆn¬ Ipcp-tØm\v \S-°m\pw b√ F∂ \ne-]mSv FSp-Øn-´p-≠v. lnμp-a-X-Øn-¬
]Tn-°m\pw [cn°m\pw Ipcp-tØm-e-∏-¥-en´ \Sp°w \n∂v ]pd-Øp-h-cn-I F∂ Bi-b-amWv At±-lhpw
tI´p'(Ip-cn-∏pg {ioIp-am¿, C-„-ap-Sn-°m-b¬) F∂ apt∂m-´p-h-®-Xv.
Ihn-hmIyw t]mse H∂v. AXn\v as‰mcp Xe-ap-≠m-
bn- c p- ∂ p. Iogm- f ≥ Cßs\ Db¿∂v hcp- t ºmƒ
temIw amdp-sa∂pw B amdn-b -tem-IØv PohnXw
XpSc-W-sa-¶n¬ am‰-Øn\v A\p-kr-X-ambn Xß-sf-
Øs∂ am‰n-∏W - n-tb-≠X - p-s≠-∂p-ap≈ kh¿Æ-t_m-
[-Øns‚ Xncn-®-dnhpw AXn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXmWv
\ºq-Xn-cnsb a\p-jy-\m-°pI F∂ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-Øn-
s‚- b ¿∞w. amdp∂ kml- N - c y- ß ƒ°- \ p- k - c n®v
kzbw ]cn-jv°-cn-°-s∏-Sm≥ Xøm-d-s√-¶n¬ C\n
kap-Zm-b-Øn\v \ne-\n¬∏n√ F∂v Cw.-Fw.-Fkv
\ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø\w XpS-ßp∂ I - m-eØv
tbmK-t£-a-k-`-bn¬ {]kw-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.
hn-izm-khpw BNm-c-ßfpw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n \S
∂ Cu {]t£m-`-߃ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \thm-∞m\
{]{In-bb - psS Hcp `- mKw am{X-am-Wv. BNm-cß - ƒ A\m-
Nm-c-ß-fmbn amdp∂ Hcp Ncn-{X-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn-emWv
Cu {]{Inb XpSßp-∂-Xv. "]£n ]d∂v t]mhp-Ibpw
IqSv am{Xw _m°n-bm-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂' (SmtKm¿)
t]mse-bp≈ Hcp ÿnXnbm-Wv AXvv. AØcw BNm-
c-ßsf XI¿°p-I F-fp-∏-am-Wv. kh¿Æ-t_m[w
Zp¿_-ea - m-sW-¶nepw {Iqc-amb Hcp sNdp-Øp-\n¬∏n\v
apXn¿t∂-°mw. ]t£ AXn-s\-Xn-cmbn kh¿Æ ]-
£Øv \n∂p-t]mepw A´n-a-dn-I-fp-≠m-Ipw. BNm-c-
߃ A\m-Nm-cß - f - mWv F∂v Xncn-®d- n-bp-Ibpw hnizm-
k-߃ A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fmWv F∂v am‰n- \n¿h-Nn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp \thm-∞m-\w. Bcm-[\m kzmX-
{¥y-Øn\v th≠n-bp≈ kacw bp‡n-Nn-¥b - n-te°pw
bp‡n-Nn¥ Ah-Im-i-t_m-[-Øn-te°pw hf-cmw.
AXn¬ \n-∂mWv cmjv{Sobt_m[w apf-s]m-´p-∂-Xv.
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 19
 AtX-k-abw \n߃ kv{Xohn-tam-N-\m-i-b-Øn¬
Imep-d∏ - n®v \n¬°p-bm-sW-¶n¬ kv{XoIƒ°v \ntj-
[n-°-s∏´ Hcp kwK-Xnsb _e-ambn ]nSn-s®-Sp-°m-
\p≈ {ia-am-bn, Hcp hntam-N\ {]{In-b-bmbn i_-cn-
a-e-bnse kv{Xo{]-th-i\w amdp-IbmWv. AXm-bXv
Hcp khn-tij {]{Inb Hcp khn-tij {]Xy-b-im-
kv{X- D-]m-[n-bn-eqsS ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ hntam-N-
\m-fl-Ihpw as‰m∂ns‚ klm-b-tØmsS ]cn-tim-
[n-°p-tºmƒ A{]-k-‡-hp-am-Ip-∂p. ChnsS D]-tbm-
Kn-°p∂ c≠v Bi-b-ß-fpw-˛-a-tX-X-c-Xzhpw kv{Xo
hntam-N\ - h
- pw-˛\
- a
- p°v Htc-t]mse {]nb-¶c
- hpw kzoIm-
cy-hp-amWv Xm\pw. CXmWv \sΩ Ipg-°p∂ {]iv\w.
20˛mw \q‰m-≠nse \thm-∞m-\-Øn\v CØcw sshcp-
≤y-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-∂n-cp-∂n-√. AXp-
sIm≠v 21˛mw \q‰m-≠nse \thm-∞m\w tIh-e-amb
bp‡n-hm-Z-Øntem `uXn-I-hm-Z-Øntem am{Xw \ne-
\n¬°p-∂X√. AXv tIh-e-amb kv{Xohn-tam-N-\-hm-
Z-Øn-tem, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-hm-Z-Øntem am{Xw \ne-\n¬
°p-∂X - pa√. AXp-sIm≠v ]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ \thm-
20 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
∞m\ {]h¿Ø-I¿°v ]c-kv]cw hntbm-Pn-®p-sIm-≠p-
Xs∂ ^mkn-k-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn tbmPn-® -\n-e-]m-Sp-
Iƒ FSp-t°-≠n-hc - pw. "\n߃ ]d-™X - n-t\mSv Rm≥
hntbm-Pn-°p∂p; F∂m¬ AXv ]d-bm-\p≈ \nß-
fpsS Ah-Im-i-Øn-\mbn Rm≥ Poh≥ sImSpØpw
t]mcmSpw' F∂- hmIyw(thmƒ´-b¿) ChnsS am¿§-
Zo- ] - a m- t I- ≠ - X m- W v . ]c- k v ] cw hntbm- P n®psIm-
≠pXs∂, Db¿∂p-h-cp∂ ^mkn-k-Øn-s\-Xn-sc
sFIy-ap-∂-Wn-bp-≠m-°pIbpw B sFIysØ apdn-
th¬∏n-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ sNøm-Xn-cn-°pIbp-
amWv ChnsS Ic-Wo-b-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
BNm-cß - fpw hnizm-kß - fpw am{X-a√, `mj-bpsS
Hcp- Xehpw IqSn- `mc-Xob \thm-∞m-\-Øn\v D≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. {_n´o-jp-Im¿ _wKmƒ hn`-P\w \S-ØnbXv
lnμp -_w-Kmfn F∂pw ap…ow -_w-Km-fn-F∂pw ]c-
kv]cw G‰p-ap-´p∂ c≠v aX-a-\p-jysc kr„n-°m-\m-
bn-cp∂p F∂v \nco-£n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠t√m? F∂m¬
Cßs\ G‰p-ap-´m≥ R߃ Hcp-°-a√ F∂m-Wv,
"_wKmfn kwkm-cn-°p∂ _wKmfn'Ifmbn R߃
XpS¿∂psIm≈msa∂m-Wv, P\-߃ adp-]Sn ]d-™-
Xv. CXns‚ {]Xn-≤z\n F√m- {]m-tZ-inI `mjIfnepw
D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. tIcfw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`qan(C.-
Fw.-F-kv) F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ ]n∂nepw Cu kzm[o-
\-ap-≠v. tIc-f-Øn¬ ]t£, Cu cq]-Øn-e√ \thm-
∞m\w `mj-bn¬ CS-s]-´-Xv. AXv Gsdbpw kmln-
Xy-Ønepw kmlnXy-Øns‚ `mj-bn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. Zcn-
{Z-t‚bpw Zen-X-t‚bpw tXm´n-bp-tSbpw `mj kmln-
Xy-Øn-te°v Ib-dn-h∂ - X
- v Aß-s\-bm-Wv. `mj-bpsS
kh¿Æ-t_m-[sØ s]mfn-®p-I-fbm≥ AXv {ian-®p.
F∂meXv ]q¿Æ-ambn hnP-bn-®n-√. am{X-a√ PmXnsb
hfsc kzm`m-hn-I-amb Hcp sXmgn¬ hn`-P-\-L-S-I-
ambn ae-bm-f-km-lnXyw ]n∂oSpw Icp-Xn-t∏m-∂n-´p-
≠v. Nne PmXn-\m-a-߃ AXXv hn`m-Kw sXmgn-ep-
Iƒ sNøp∂ sXmgn- e m- f n- I - f psS ]cym- b - ] - Z - ß -
fmsW∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°pw-hn[w `mj PmXn-t_m-[sØ,
ap°p-h≥ = a’ysØm-g-emfn, sIm√≥ = Ccp-ºp-]-
Wn-°m-c≥, ]pe-°≈n = I¿j-I-sØm-gn-em-fn-kv{Xo
XpS-ßnb A¿∞-ßsf, DXv]m-Zn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.
"]s≠m-cp -ap-°p-h≥ apØn\v t]mbn', "ap°p-h\pw
`qXhpw' XpS-ßnb {]tbm-Kß - ƒ {i≤n-°p-I. "sImXp-
ºp-h≈w Xpg™phcpw sIm®p-]p-e-°-≈o, \ns‚
sImbv Ø - c n- h mƒ Xo¿Ø- t X- s Xmcp sIm√- ∏ - W n-
°Øo'' F∂ Km\-ØnemIs´ PmXn-t_m-[sØ
hfsc hnZ-Kv-≤-ambn sXmgn-en-t\mSv CW-°n-t®¿Øn-
cn-°p-∂p. Iayq-WnÃv t_m[w {]N-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈
kn\n-abv°v th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p Cu Km\sa∂Xpw
AsX-gp-Xn-bXv ae-bm-f-Ønse hnπ-h-I-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-
F∂Xpw \ΩpsS cmjv{So-b-t_m[w s]mXp-t_m-
[sØ F{X-am{Xw ]p\-cp-Xv∏m-Zn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p
F∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv. AJn-te-¥ym-Xe - Ø
- n-em-Is´
P\-Io-b-ln-μn-bp-tSbpw Ddp-Zp-hn-t‚bpw k¶-c-amb
lnμp-ÿm\n C¥y-bpsS tZio-b-`m-j-bm-I-W-sa∂
Km‘n- P n- b psS \n¿t±- i - Ø n\v kh¿Æ- t _m[w
\¬Inb adp-]Sn "GXv cmPy-am-bmepw N¥-`mj Hcp
]cn-jvIr-X-k-aq-l-Øns‚ `mj-bpsS Bh-iy-߃
\nd-th-‰p-Ib - n-√'(k-ºq¿Æm-\μ - v) F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. N¥-
`mj F∂m¬ Zcn-{Z-t‚bpw sXmgn-em-fn-bp-tSbpw `mj
F∂v am{Xta A¿∞w I¬∏n-°p-I-bp≈q.
`£Ww tIcf \thm-∞m-\Ø - n\v Hcp {]Xn-tcm[
LS-I-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-´n-´n-√. F∂mepw {_m“-W-
cpsS ioe- a mb kky- ` - £ - W - a mWv tIaw F∂
s]mXp-t_m[w \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p. {_m“-W¿ ]g-b -
Im-eØv amwkw Ign-®n-cpt∂m F∂- X¿°w H´pw
{]k-‡a - √
- . h¿Ø-am-\I - m-eØv {_m“-tW-Xc¿°pw
Zen-X¿°pw amwk-`-£-W-Øn\v hne°v I¬∏n-°p-
∂n-s√-¶n¬ `£-WsØ {]iv\-h-Xv°-cn-t°-≠-Xn-√.
C∂v tKmamwkw Ign-°-cp-Xv, tKmlXy sNø-cpXv
F∂v kwL-]-cn-hm¿ apg-°p∂ Xn´qcw Ime-l-c-W-
s∏´ ]g-sbmcp Im¿jn-Ih - y-hÿ - n-Xn-bpsS Ah-in„w
am{X-am-Wv. tIc-f-Øn-¬ H-cp-Im-eØpw ]ip AΩ-
bmbn Bcm- [ n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- ´ n- √ . hSt°bn¥y- b nse
Im¿jn-It- a-Je - bv°v Du¿Pw ]I-cp-∂Xv Imf-If - mWv
F∂-Xm-Wv AhnsS ]ip F¥p-sIm≠v AΩbmbn
F∂ tNmZy-Øn-\v D-Ø-cw. Imf-bn-s√-¶n¬ Irjn-bn-
√. AXn\m¬ Imfsb {]k-hn-°p∂ ]ip Im¿jn-I-
kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsSbmsI AΩ-bm-Ip-∂p(Imƒ am¿
Ivkv). tIc-f-Øn¬ t]mØp-I-tfbpw Ie∏ hen-°p-
∂Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-s∂-¶nepw Fcp-a-Iƒ°v AΩ
ÿm\w sImSp-°mØXv Nne Zen-Xv -_p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ
]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse Ah I-dp-ØXm-bXpsIm≠-√.
tKmam-Xmhv Hcp hSt°bn¥y≥ k¶¬∏-am-b-Xp-
sIm≠pw AhnsS Im¿jn-Ic - w-KØv D]-tbm-Kn-°s - ∏´
arKw Imf Bb-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-Wv. ]t£ ÿnXn
ho≠pw amdn-bn-´p-≠v. C∂v Imfbpw t]mØp-a√
{SmŒ¿ BWv \new Dgm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Aß
s\ t\m°n-bm¬, C∂v ]ip-hn\v tKmam-Xm-ÿm\
Øn\v A¿l-X-bp-≠m IW-sa-¶n¬ AXv Imf-°n-Sm-
hns\ {]k-hn-®m¬ t]mcm F∂v hcp-w. Ime-l-c-W-
s∏´ Hcp hyh-ÿb - psS kmwkvIm-cnI kzm[o\w hyh-
ÿ -am-dn-bn´pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-XmWv ]pXnb {]iv\-
Øns‚ Imc-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v ]pXnb ImeØv \mw
apt∂m´v hbvt°≠ XXz-imkv{Xw a\p-jy≥ C∂n∂
arK-ßsf Xn∂-cpXv F∂-√, ]Icw H∂p-sIm≠pw
a\p-jy≥ sIm√-s∏-S-cpXv(sI.-C.-F≥. Ip™-l-Ω-Zv)
F∂m-Wv.
20˛mw-\q-‰m-≠nse \thm-∞m\w Iogm-f-ap-t∂-‰-am-
bmWv XpS-ßn-b-sX∂v BZyw ]d-™p. ]t£ B
apt∂‰w ]mXn-h-gn-bn¬ \ne-®p-t]m-bn. AXv atX-X-
c- X z- Ø n- t ‚bpw {]iv \ - a mWv . aXsØ/PmXnsb
s]mXp-C-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm°n F∂mWv \man-
t∏mgpw hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B Hgn-hm-°¬ Ct∏mgpw
XpS-cp-∂p. `q]-cn-jv°-cWw Zen-X\v InS-∏mSw Dd∏v
hcp-Øn-sb-¶nepw Irjn-`q-an-°p≈ Ah-Imiw sImSp-
Øn-√. hb¬h-cº - nse IpSn-In-S∏- p-Im-c\- n¬\n∂v AXv
]pe-bs\ PmXn-t°m-f-\nIfn-te°v am‰n- ÿm-]n-®p.
"t]mØns\ Nmcn ]pe-bs\ X√pI' F∂Xv
\ΩpsS Hcp `mjm-{]-tbm-Ka - m-bn-cp-∂p. Fß-s\-bmWv
Cu {]tbm-K-ap-≠m-bXv? t]mØpw ]pe-b\pw P∑n-
bpsS ]Wn-bm-bp-[-߃ am{X-ambn Icp-X-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.
Irjn-∏-Wn-bn¬ t]mØn-\p≈ ÿm\ta ]pe-b\pw
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. F∂m¬ t]mØn\v hn]-Wn-aqeyw
D≠v. P∑n°v Bh-iy-an-s√-¶n¬ AXns\ N¥-bn¬
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 21

sIm≠p-t]mbn hn¬°mw. AXp-sIm≠v t]mØns‚
BtcmKyw \ne-\n¿tØ-≠Xv P∑n-bp-sS-IqSn Bh-
iy-am-Wv. ]pe-b\v Cu hn]-Wn-aq-ey-an-√. AXp-sIm≠v
t]mØns\ Xt√-≠n-h-cp-tºmƒ P∑n -]p-e-bs\ X√n-
t]m-Øns\ t]Sn-∏n-°pw. C∂n-t∏mƒ ]pe-b\v Cu
A[-am-¥- n¬ \n∂v Db¿® D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AXv
]t£ apJy-[m-c-bn-te-°p≈ Db¿®-bm-bn-√; Ah¿
PmXnt°mf- \ n- b nse At¥- h m- k n- I - f mbn am‰n-
\n¿Øs∏Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. tImf-\n-°m¿ c≠mw-
Xcw {]P-Ifm-hp-Ibpw ]›m-Øe - h
- n-Ik- \
- hpw hnZym-
`ym-khpw hoSpw I°q pw Pohn-X-kp-c-£n-X-Xzhpw
Ah¿°v \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-\p-ap-
]-cn-bmbn kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb AI-‰n-\n¿Øepw Hcp
kmaq-ly-Xn-∑-bmbn Db¿∂p-h-∂p. kzXth kmaq-ly-
Po-hn-X-\n-e-hmcw Xmgv∂n-cn-°p∂ hSt°bn¥y≥
{Kma-ß-fn¬ ZenXv PohnXw ZpcnX-]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°pw.
]t£ PohnX \ne-hmcw Db¿∂n-cn-°p∂ tIc-f-
Øn¬ Zen-XvPo-hn-Xw apJy-[m-cm-Po-hn-X-\n-em-h-c-Øn-
s\m∏w FtØ-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C\nbpw ]cn-l-cn-
°-s∏-SmsX PmXn-{]iv\w \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-
Wv CXv \S-°m-sX-t]m-bXv. 1957-˛59 ImesØ `q]-
cn-jv°-c-W-{i-a-߃ Cu {]iv\sØ A`n-kw-t_m-
[\ sNøm≥ {ian-®n-cp∂p F∂Xv hmkvX-h-am-Wv.
tIc-f-Ønse PmXn-˛a-X -t\-Xr-Xzhpw tIm¨{K v
22 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
I£nbpw tN¿∂m-Wv B ]cn-an-X- {ia-ßsft∏mepw
XI¿ØIf-™Xv. hntam-N\ka-c-Im-esØ Hcp
ap{Zm-hmIyw "X{ºm-s\∂v hnfn-∏n°pw, ]mtf¬ I™n-
Ip-Sn-∏n°pw' F∂m-bn-cp-∂p-ht√m? hntam-N-\-k-acw
tIc-f-Ønse a‰v H´-\-h[n taJ-e-I-fnse∂t]mse
PmXn-hn-cp-≤-ap-t∂-‰-Øns‚ taJ-e-bnepw hcpØnb
BLmXw hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw cmjv{So-
b-]m¿´n-Iƒ, A[-n-Imc ÿm\-߃, kmwkvIm-cnI
thZn-Iƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-sems° ZenXv P\X AZr-
iy-cmbncn°p-∂-Xn\v CXv aXn-bmb \ymb-a-√. CXv
]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ Abn-Ø-am-Wv. CXv adn-I-S-t°-
≠Xv 21˛mw \q‰m-≠nse \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ {]Y-a -
I-Sabm-bn-cn-°pw.
G‰hpw HSp-hn-embn ]pXnb \thm-∞m\w kmam-
\y-t_m-[-Øns‚ {]iv\w-IqSn D∂-bn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
F√m-km-aq-ly-kw-L¿j-ß-fp-tSbpw ASn-Ød kaq-
l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ hnhn[ ]nf¿∏p-Ifpw Ah-
bpsS Xmev]c - y-ßf
- p-amWv. Cu XmXv]c - y-ßs- f-bmsI
kzm[o-\n-°m≥ P\-ß-fpsS kmam-\y-t_m-[-Øn\v
Ign-bpw. kmam-\y-t_m-[-sa-∂Xv P\-km-am-\y-Øns‚
icn-bmb t_m[tam H‰-s∏´ hy‡n-I-fpsS t_m[-
Øns‚ Iq´tam A√. AXv PmXo-b-ambpw kmº-
Øn-Ia - mbpw kr„n-°s - ∏-´X
- m-Wv. hn[n°v Iogvs∏-Sm≥
AXv a\p-jysc t{]cn-∏n-°p-w. F¥p-h-∂mepw H∂pw
amdm≥ t]mIp-∂n√ F∂v AXv ]ns∂bpw ]ns∂bpw
]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Cu s]mXp-t_m-[sØ am‰n-
∏-Wn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. "Ncn-{X-Øns‚ KXn F¥p-X-s∂-
B-bmepw a\p-jy≥ AXns\ kr„n-°p-∂Xv Cß-
s\-bm-Wv. Ah-c-h¿ t_m[-]q¿Δw C—n-°p∂ e£y-
ßsf Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p. Cu At\I C—-
I-fpsS \m\m-Zn-i-I-fn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-tSbpw
_mly-tem-IØv Ah Df-hm-°p∂ \m\m-ap-J-amb
kzm[o-\-ß-fp-tSbpw ]cn-W-X-^ew Xs∂-bmWv Ncn-
{Xw. AXp-sIm≠v AXv At\Iw hy‡n-I-fpsS C—-
bpsS {]iv\w-Iq-Sn-bmWv' F∂v am¿Ivkv Fgp-Xp-
tºmƒ (epZvhnKv t^mb¿_mlpw ¢mkn-°¬ P¿a≥
XXz-im-kv{X-Øns‚ A¥y-hpw) Cu s]mXp-t_m-[-
sØ Ip-dn-®p≈ kqN-\-Iƒ hcp-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v
s]mXp-t_m[w {]am-WnI--cn-ep≈ hnizm-ktam am[y-
a-ß-fp-sStbm hnhn-[-ß-fmb A[n-Imc cq]-ß-fp-
sStbm {]Nm-c-th-e-aq-e-ap-≠m-Ip∂ Ir{Xna ka-hm-
btam Bhm≥ ]mSn-√, ]Icw ]pXnb DØ-c-߃
tXSm-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q¿Æ-amb tNmZy-߃
tNmZn®pw ]co- £ n®pw \nco- £ n- ® pw, hmZn®pw
X¿°n®pw hntbm-Pn®pw tbmPn-∏ns‚ taJ-e-Iƒ
Is≠-Ønbpw kr„n-s®-Sp-t°≠ H∂m-Wv. AXv
Xs∂-bmWv imkv{X-t_m-[w. imkv{X-t_m-[sØ
s]mXp-t_m-[-am°n am‰pI F∂ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-Øns‚
A¿∞-an-Xm-Wv. Aßn-s\ -t\m-°n-bm¬ 21˛mw \q‰m-
≠nse \thm-∞m-\w- imkv{X-t_m-[-Øne[n-jvTn-
Xhpw apc-Sn-®p-t]mb Iogm-f-h¿§-hn-tam-N-\-Øns‚
XpS¿® Dd- ∏ p- h - c p- Ø p∂Xpw _lp- k z- c - X - b psS
Akv X n- X zsØ AwKo- I - c n- ® p- s Im- ≠ p- ≈ - X p- a mb
^mknÃv hncp≤ apt∂-‰-am-sW∂v ImWmw.
 tUm.-Un. cLp-\μ
raghunandan.d@gmail.com
imkv{X-⁄-k-aqlw sXcp-hn-en-d-ßtºmƒ
`q anbn¬ Poh≥ t\cnSp∂ B]ØpIsf Db¿
Øn°m´p∂Xn\pw, sIm≈em`ap≠m°m≥
th≠n \S-°p∂ e°n√mØ ]cnÿnXn NqjWØn
s\Xnsc P\ßsf AWn-\n-cØp∂Xn-\pw e£yw
hbv°p∂ \nc-h[n {]IS\߃°pw a‰v {]N-c-W-
]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°pw, temIw `uaZn\ambn BNcn°p∂
G{]n¬ 22 F√m h¿jhpw km£yw hln°mdp≠v.
F∂m¬ Cs°m√sØ Nne `uaZn\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ
hyXykvXambncp∂p. A∂v temIsaºmSpap≈ \Kc
ßfn¬, {]tXyIn®v Atacn°≥ sFIy\mSpIfn¬,
"`q-an-°v th≠n' F∂√ "imkv{X-Øn\v th≠n' F∂
t]cnemWv Zn\m-N-cWw \S∂Xv. Cs°m√sØ `ua
Zn\w `qansb kwc£n°p∂Xns\°pdn®√, imkv{X
sØbpw imkv{X]T\˛-{]NmcW߃°mbn \ne
sIm≈p∂ ÿm]\ßsfbpw kwc£n°p∂Xns\
°pdn®mWv Bi¶s∏´Xv. CΩmXncn H∂v kw`hn
°psa∂v Bcpw Nn¥n®ncn°m≥ hgn-bn-√. Cß-s\-
sbmcp alm{]ÿm\w Bh-iy-am-bn-h-cp-sa-∂pw,
XßfpsS em_d´dnIfpw ¢m v apdnIfpw hn´nd
- \
- ≥
ßm≥ s]mXpth apXncmØ imkv{X⁄¿°pw Kth
jI¿°pw imkv{X]Tn-Xm°ƒ°pw AXns‚ Bh-
iy-IX t_m[y-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw, km[mcW°mcmb
BfpIfpw kmaqly {]h¿ØIcpw AXnt\mSv ssI
tIm¿Øv F√m-bn-S-ß-fnepw sXcphnendßp-sa∂pw
Bsc¶nepw k¶ev]n®ncn°m\pw hgn-bn-√.
ImemhÿmhyXnbm\sØ hymP Bibsa∂v
Bh¿Øn®v ap{Z-IpØn Atacn°≥ {]knU≠v
sUmWmƒUv {Sw]v Xpd∂v \ntj[n°p∂Xnepw,
AhnSpsØ ]cn-ÿn-Xn kw-c-£-W- kw-hn-[m-\Øn
s‚(F≥hb¿sa‚ v s{]m´£≥ GP≥kn: E P A)-
AIw Xpc-°m≥ At±-l-Øns‚ `c-W-Iq-Sw \S-Øp-
∂ \nc-¥c \o°ßfnepw Bi-¶bp≈-h¿ Atacn
°bn¬ tkmjy¬ aoUnb apJm-¥ncw \SØnb
BibkwhmZ]c-º-cIfn¬ \n∂mWv CXn\p≈
{]mYanI t{]cW Dcp-Øn-cn-™-Xv. C.]n.F.bpsS G
‰hpw ISpØ hna¿iIcnsem-cmfpw t^mkn¬ C‘\
hyhkmb tem_nbpambn ASpØ _‘w ]pe¿Øp
∂bmfpamb kvtIm´v {]q´ns\(Scott Pruitt)bmWv {Sw]v
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 23
 C.]n.F.bpsS Xeh\mbn \nban®Xv. am{X-a√ - , C.]n.
F.bpsS imkv{X_P‰v 40 iXam\hpw samØw
_P‰v 25 iX-am-\hpw sh´n-°p-d-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
C.]n.F.bpsS sh_v ssk‰n¬ \n∂pw Imemhÿm
hyXnbm\hpambn _‘s∏´ t]PpIƒ \o°w
sNbvXp. C.]n.F.bntebpw a‰v imkv{X-Imtcym]tZ
iIkanXnIfntebpw imkv{X⁄¿ cm{„ob taem
fcn¬ \n∂p≈ A\paXnbn√msX ]cky {]kvXm
h\Iƒ \SØp∂Xn\v hnet°¿s∏-SpØn. hml\
ßfpsS C‘\£aX, I¬°cnJ\\ \nb{¥Ww,
aen\oIcWØn¬ \n∂v Pemibßsf kwc£n
°¬ F∂nXymZn ]cnÿnXnkw_-‘hpw s]mXp-P
\mtcmKy- kw_‘hpamb kp{][m\ \S-]-SnIƒ°v
ASnØd ]mInb imkv{Xob ]T\ dnt∏m¿´pIƒ
]n≥hen®Xv Hcp IrXy-amb {]h-W-X-bpsS A]mb
aWn apg°n. tZiob BtcmKy C≥Ãn-‰yq-´pw(National
Institute of Health) sshImsX kam\amb B{IaWw
t\cn´p. Hcp {]Xn-tj[ {]I-S\w A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂
A`n-{]mbw Nne imkv{X⁄¿ apt∂m-´p-h-bv°p
Ibpw AXn\m-[m-c-amb {]iv\߃ temIsaºmSpw
{]Xn[z\n°p-Ibpw {]I-S\mlzm\w imkv{X⁄cp
sS Hcp BtKmf{]ÿm\ambn hfcpIbpw sNbvXp.
{]I-S\߃
G{]n¬ 22˛\v temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ Bbn-c-°-W-
°mb imkv{X⁄cpw A\p`mhnIfpw kwL-Sn®v
sXcphnendßn. Atacn°bnse {][m-\-s∏´ an°
\Kcßfnepw e≠≥, s_¿en≥, knUv\n, tSmtIym,
Iºme, ^nenss∏≥knse Izntkm¨, aemhnbnse
ªm‚nb¿ XpSßn {Ko≥em≥Un¬ t]mepw {]I-S-
\- ß ƒ \S∂p. temIsaºmSpap≈ 600˛¬∏cw
\Kcßfnepw ]´-W-ß-fnepw {]I-S-\-߃ \S-∂-Xm-
bmWv hm¿Ø.
KthjW߃°pw imkv { Xÿm]\߃°p
ap≈ k¿°m¿ hI-bn-cp-ج am{X-a√, imkv{XØn
s‚ coXnIƒ Xs∂bpw, imkv{Xm[njvTnXamb s]m
Xp\bcq]oIcWhpw t\cnSp∂ sh-√p-hn-fn-Isf PmY
Ifn¬ apg-ßnb ap{ZmhmIyßfpw {]Z¿in-∏n® π°m-
Up-Ifpw hy‡XtbmsS Db¿Øn-°m-´n. Atacn°
bntebpw a‰v ]e cmPyßfntebpw hnhn[ \bcq]o
IcWcwKßfn¬, imkv{Xob hniIe\߃°pw
]cntim[n®v \nP-s∏-Sp-Ønb hkvXp-Xm tiJc߃
°pw aosX hmWnPy]chpw cm{„obhpamb ]cn-K-
W-\Iƒ A[o-i-Xz-am¿Pn-°p∂p F∂ bmYm¿∞yw,
Nne ap{ZmhmIy߃ ("A`n{]mbßf√, sXfnhp
Iƒ'(Evidence not Opinion),"Rß-fpsS hkvXp-Xmti
Jcßfn¬ ssIhbv°cpXv' (Keep your hands off our
Data) XpS-ßn-b-h) ASnhcbn´v ]d™p. Cu hfcp∂
{]h-W-X-tbm-Sp≈ ISpØ tcmjw "R߃ {`m¥≥
imkv{X⁄cmbncp∂p, Ct∏mƒ R߃ tImt]m
∑ØcmWv'(We were mad scientists, now we are furious)
Fs∂gp-Xnb _m\dpIƒ shfnhm°n.
{]I-S\w ]£]mX]camb Hcp {Sw]v hncp≤ -ap-
t∂-‰a- mbn hne-bn-cpØs∏Sm\p≈ km[y-Xs - b-s®m√n
Atacn°bnep≈ kwLmSI¿ {]tXyIn®pw DXvI-
WvTm-Ip-e-cmbncp∂p. AXn\m¬ {Sw]v `cWIqSØn
24 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
s‚ Nne {]tXyI \S]SnIsf FXn¿°ptºmƒ X
s∂ cm{„ob taemf∑mcpw tIm¿∏td‰pIfpw XΩn
ep≈ AWnbd_‘ßfneqsS bmsXmcp kpXm-cy-
X-bp-an-√msX \bcq]oIcWw \SØp∂ hnhn[ k¿
°mcpIfpsS coXnIsf FXn¿°p∂Xmbn ]cn-]m-Sn-
bpsS {]NcW°pdn∏pIfnepw sh_v ssk‰pIfnepw
hy‡am°m≥ Ah¿ {i≤h®p. AXn\m¬Øs∂
{][m\ sh_v ssk‰v Cßs\ ]d™p: "CS\mgn
bpsS Ccphißfn¬ D≈hcpw Htc-t]mse imkv{X
hncp≤amb AP≠Ifpw \bßfpamWv apt∂m´v
hbv°p∂Xv, Hcp \o°p-t]m-°p-an√msX Ah F√m
htcbpw t{Zmln°p∂p-. imkv{Xw {]tXyI Xmev]cy
߃°v tkh sNøcpXv; imkv{XsØ hy‡nKX
t_m[y-ßf - psS t]cn¬ Xnc-kv°cn-°p- I - bpa-cp-Xv. im
kv{Xw, ASnÿm\]cambn DØc߃ tXSp∂Xn
\p≈ D]IcWamWv. AXn\v \bßsf kzm[o\n
°m≥ Ignbpw, Aßs\ sNøpIbpw thWw. Zo¿
LImemSnÿm\Ønep≈ \b- c q- ] o- I - c - W Øn\v
imkv{Xw hgnIm´nbmIWw'.
\n£n-]X v amb N
- m-bh
v pIfpw Imcy-]c - n-]m-Snbpap≈
ISpØ ]£-]m-Xn-I-sf∂v ap{ZIpØs∏t´°msa∂
`bap≈t∏mƒ Xs∂, A`n-{]m-b-߃ k[ocw {]I-
Sn∏nt°≠ kabw kwPmXamsb∂ t_m≤yhpw
{]I-S-\w \S-Ønb imkv{X⁄¿°p≠mbncp∂p.
B{I-a-WØns‚ Xo{h-X- Xs∂bpw apt∂-‰-Øn\v
IpXnt∏In. "AXoh KpcpXcw, tImamfnIƒ t]mepw
ChnsSbp≠v' F∂ π°m-Uv DZm-l-c-Ww. imkv{X
⁄¿°v s]mXp{]h¿ØIsc∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ Hcp
hyXykvX hy‡nXzw cmPym-¥c - h
- ym-]I
- a - mbn Dcp-Øn-
cnbp-∂-Xns‚ XpS-°-ambn Cu {]I-S-\sØ Hc¿
∞Øn¬ ImWmw. {`qWmhÿbnep≈ as‰√m {]
ÿm\ßtfbpw t]mse CXpw DPzeamb H∂mWv.
CXv \ne\n¬°ptam F∂Xpw GXv ZnibmIpw CXv
kzoIcn°pI F∂XpamWv Ct∏mgsØ tNmZyw.
imkv{Xhpw AXns‚
{]tbmP\ßfpw
{]I- S - \ - ° m¿ Db¿Ønb ]e π°mUpIfpw
imkv{Xw {]Zm\w sNøp∂ {]tbmP\߃ hnfn®p
]d™p. HscÆw C{]Imcambncp∂p: "\n߃°v
t]mfntbm C√t√m? F\n°pan√. imkv{XØn\v \
μn'. a‰v NneXv IÆSIƒ, sk¬ t^m¨, Iºyq´¿
XpSßnb imkv{X t\´-ßsf FSpØpIm´n.
B‚n_tbm´n°pIƒ, sshZypXn, tdUntbmbpw
Sn hnbpw, sSen {Km^v , hnam\w.... F∂nßs\
imkv{Xhpw kmt¶XnIhnZybpw \∑Iƒ am{XamWv
{]Zm\w sNøp-∂-sX∂ {]XoXn-bmWv 20˛mw \q‰m
≠n¬, c≠mw temIbp≤w hcp∂Xv hscbpw,
temIØv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv. imkv{XØn\v t\Sm\mIm
ØXmbn H∂pans√∂, imkv{Xw F√m {]iv\߃
°pw ]cnlmcap≠m°psa∂, a\pjycmin°v
BsIØs∂ AXv {]tbmP\IcamIpsa∂ {]Xo-
Xnbpw \ne-\n∂n-cp∂p. At∏mgmWv AWpt_mw_pw
IoS\min\nIfpsS BtcmKy˛]mcnÿnXnIm
LmX߃ kw_- ‘ n® shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø - e p- I - f pw
an\mamXmbpw t`m∏mepw ^p°pjnabpw t]mep≈
`oIcamb hyhkmbZpc¥ßfpw hcp∂Xv. temI
Øns‚ ]ebnSßfnepap≈ {]ÿm\߃ imkv{Xw
Xs∂bmWv {]iv\sa∂pw, Irjnbnse P\nXI am
‰w, \mt\msSIvt\mfPn, tdmt_m´pIƒ F∂n-h
sb√mw a\pjycminbpsS `mhnbpsSXs∂ i{Xp
°fmsW∂pw ho£n°m≥ XpSßn. imkv { Xw
kzXth {]IrXn°pw AXn\m¬ Xs∂ am\hnIX
bv°pw hncp≤amb Hcp ]Sn™md≥ XXzimkv{Xam
sW∂v C¥y°mcpƒs∏sS ]e _p≤nPohnIfpw
hnfw_cw sNbvXp. Dev]XnjvWp°ƒ F∂v A\y
Ym tXm∂n∏n°p∂ Nne {]ÿm\ßfpsS A¥-cm-
flmhn¬ t]mepw Cu {]hWXIƒ C∂v hf-sc-
tbsd Zriyhp-amWv.
Cu {]h-WX - I- f- psS shfn®Øn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ
imkv{X-Øn\v th≠nbp≈ Cu {]I-S-\-ßsf FSp
Øp]dbØ° Hcp \ne]mSpam‰ambn IW°m°m≥
Ignbptam? imkv{XsØ Xs∂ i{Xphmbn IcpXp
∂ Ht´sd s]mXp{]h¿ØIcpsS at\m`mhw am‰n
adn°m≥ imkv { X- ⁄ cpsS Cu apt∂‰Øn\v
Ignbptam?
imkv{X-⁄cpsS {]Xn-tj-[-߃°v hgnacp∂n´
Xn¬ ]e-X-c-Ønepw {][m\]¶p≈ Imemhÿm
hyXnbm\Øn\v imkv{Xhpw kmt¶XnIhnZybpw
am{XamWv DØ-c-hm-Zn-Isf∂v ]e kmaqly{]h¿Ø
Icpw IcpXp∂p. sshZypXnbp≠m°mt\m hml\
tamSn°mt\m Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bn¬ \n∂p≈ D’¿
P\w eLq-I-cn-°mt\m _Z¬ am¿Kßfcmbp∂Xv
sX‰msW∂pw BZy-L-´ {]iv\-߃°v tlXp-hmb
imkv{X-sØ-Ø-s∂-bmWv DØ-c-߃°p≈ Xnc-
®nen¬ Ah D]-tbm-Kn°p-∂-sX∂pw AØc°m¿
hmZn°p∂p. AXn\v ]Icw imkv{XØn\v henb ]
¶n√mØ _Z¬ XXzimkv{Xßfnepw PohnXcoXnI
fn-ep-amWt{X ]cnlmcw ImtW≠Xv. adp-h-i-Øv,
imkv{XamWv ImemhÿmhyXnbm\sØ s]mXpP\
{i≤bn¬ sIm≠ph∂Xpw, B {]iv\sØbpw AXn
s‚ hnhn[ Imc-Wß - s - fbpw AXns‚ BLmXßsf
bpw kw_-‘n® \ΩpsS Ah-t_m[w sa®-s∏-Sp-
Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - pw, AXp-fh
- m-°p∂ {]Xn-k‘
- n-
Iƒ adnIS°m\p≈ am¿K߃ Is≠-Øm≥ klm-
bn-°p-∂Xpw F∂v a‰p≈h¿ hmZn°p∂p. kaqlw
sI´n-∏-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv Fßns\, cm{„ kºZv hyh
ÿ Fßns\ {]h¿Øn°p∂p, imkv{Xw F{]-Imcw
cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p˛AXns‚ ap≥KW\m{Iaw Fßns\
\n›-bn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p F∂n-°m-cy-߃ kw_-‘n® [m
c-WIfS-°-amWv AXv. Cu c≠masØ ImgvN∏mSp
ambn {]I-S\- Øn¬ ]s¶SpØ imkv{X-⁄¿ tbmPn
°p∂pt≠m? imkv{XØns‚ {]Xntcm[w imkv{X
Øn\v kaqlØnep≈ ÿm\w kw_-‘n® Adnhn
s‚bpw imkv{XsØ cq]s∏SpØp∂ i‡nIsf
kw_-‘n® sa®-s∏´ [mc-W-I-fp-sSbpw Bgw Iq´p
∂Xnte°v hnI-kn°ptam?
C¥ybnse sh√phnfnIƒ
C¥ybnse imkv{X-⁄¿ {]I-S-\-tØmSv ]pe¿
Ønb XWpØ {]XnIcWØnte°v [mcmfw hna¿
iI{i≤ ]XnbpIbp≠mbn. a‰v cmPyßfnse kl
bm{XnIcn¬ \n∂v hn`n∂ambn imkv{Xm[njvTnXamb
s]mXp \bcq]oIcWapƒs∏sSbp≈ hnimeamb
kmaqly{]iv\ßfn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂X - n¬ \n∂v s]mXp
th hn´p\n¬°p∂XmWv C¥ybnse imkv{X-⁄cp
sS ]c-º-cmKXambn-Øs∂bp≈ ioew.
XßfpsS ImgvN∏mSpIƒ ˛Ah Xß-fpsS imkv
{Xm[njvTnX ho£-W-sØ F{X-I≠v icn-h-®m-epw˛
cm{„ob˛DtZymKÿ t\XrXz߃°v ap∂n¬ Ah
Xcn∏n°pI F∂XpsIm≠v Xr]vX-cmIp∂h-cmWv
Ah¿. Ah-c-hcptSXmb t_m[y-ßfpw XmXv]-cy-ß-
fp-a\
- p-kc- n-®p≈ Xocp-am-\ß
- s
- f-Sp-°m≥ {]kvXpX t\
XrXz-߃°v Ah¿ hgn-am-dn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
Hcp -]t£ kzmX{¥yeœn°v tijap≈ BZysØ
GXm\pw h¿jßfnsemgnsI imkv{Xobhpw sXfn
hpIfn¬ A[nÿnXhpamb \bcq]oIcWØn¬
C¥y {i≤sImSpØn´n√. AsX√mw cm{„ob°mcpw
_nkn\ v˛tIm¿∏td‰v Xmev]cykwL-ßfpw tN¿
∂mWv \bn®ncp∂Xv.
Ct∏mgsØ Np‰p-]mSn¬ CXv IqSpX¬ hy‡-a-
t{X. \nch[n ]cnÿnXn\nbaßsfbpw kwhn[m\
ßsfbpw Hu]NmcnIamtbm Xm¬°menIamtbm
Hmc-tØ°v X≈p-Itbm ths≠∂v h®v Hgn-hm°p
Itbm sNøp∂p≠v. KuchXc-amb ]T\߃ \S
ØpIbpw A`n{]mb߃ kzoIcn°pIbpw Ahsb
sb√mw \bcq]oIcWØn\p≈ ASnØdbmbn ]cn
KWn°pIbpw sNøp∂ kwkvImcw, AsX{XXs∂
Zp¿_-ea - m-bn-cp-∂m¬ Xs∂bpw, ^e-Øn¬ Dt]£n
°s∏´ncn°pIbmWv. Khs◊‚ns‚ \bßfptS
bpw ]≤XnIfptSbpw hnPbØn\mbn X߃ Xs∂
KthjWhnjb߃ Xocpam\n°psa∂pw \nt£]w
\SØpsa∂pw a{¥nam¿ Xpd∂v {]Jym]n°ptºmƒ,
kzX{¥hpw sXfnh[njvTn-Xhpamb ]T\Øn\v F¥v
hnebmWv KthjIcpw A°mZanI ÿm]\ßfpw
\evIpI?
Ata-cn-°bn¬ {]knU≠n¬ \n∂v Xs∂ ]pd
Øphcp∂ XnI™ Ak-Xy-߃ "_Z¬ hkvXp-X-
Iƒ' F∂ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-∂-bn°p-∂p. C¥ybnem
I-s´, Hcp kapZmbw `qcn]£kapZmbtØ°mƒ
]e aSßv hfcpIbmsW∂, As√¶n¬ bp.]n.bnse
Hcp Pn√bn¬ \n∂v `qcn]£kapZmbw Iq´tØmsS
]emb\w sNøpIbmsW∂ lnμpXz I≈{]Nmc
WØns\ hkvXp-X-Iƒ apt∂m´ph®v tNmZyw sNøp-
∂-h¿°v "hkvXp-X-I-sf-°m-tfsd {][m\w hnizm-k
ß-fmWv' F∂ adp-]Sn e`n-°p-∂p. ]pcmW߃ Ncn
{XamIp∂p, a{¥namcpsS ]pcmWm[n-jvTnX hnizmk
߃ ]pcm-X\ C¥y-bnse imkv{Xw kw_-‘n®
Adn-hmIp∂p, BcpsSsb¶nepw ssIhiap≈ amw
ksØ°pdn®v B¿s°-¶nepw tXm∂p∂ kwibw
am´n-d®n Ign-®p-sh-∂-Xns‚ sXfnhmIp∂p, H∂n\pw
Hcp sXfnhpw Bhiyan√mXmIp∂p. imkv{X-Øn\m
bn Hcp -{]-I-S-\-tØ-°mfp]cnbmb Fs¥¶nepw Cu
cmPyØv th≠n hcpw.
(]-cn-`mj:Pn.-tKm-]n-\m-Y≥)
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 25
26 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
 Sn.-Fw.-Pb
- c
tmjraman@gmail.com
kn. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥, -\yq-´≥, sF≥ssÃ≥
]ns∂
tIcf kb≥kv & sSIvt\m-f-Pn skmssk-‰nbpw
kn. cm[mIr- jvW≥, Xs‚ Bbp-jv°mew apgp-
h\pw, kmln-Xy-k-]cy-bvs°m∏w Hcp ka-
{K {]-]-© ho-£Ww cq]-s∏-SpØnsbSp-°m≥ IqSn
{i≤n® ap≥ im-kv{X-⁄\pw imkv{X-Nn-¥-I\pw
IYm-Ir-Øp-am-Wv. CuønsS hym]-I-ambn {]kn≤n
t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ \qX\ {]]-©
kn-≤m-¥-Øn¬ {]I-S-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv At±-l-Øns‚
hy‡n-KX `K-hZv KoXm-Z¿i-\ambn-cn-°mw, B[p-\n-
I- im-kv{X-a-√; At±-l-Øns‚ Nne BZy-Ime `uXn-
I-im-kv{Xm-\p-`h- ß
- ƒ AXn\v \ndw ]I¿∂n-´p≠mIm-
sa∂v am{Xw. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Hscm‰ \qX\ imkv{X-
XXzw t]mepw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. \nco-£Wsa
∂m¬ F¥m-sW∂v At±lw ]d-bp-∂n-√. B[p-\n-
I- im-kv{X-sØ-°p-dn®v C√mØ Ip‰-߃ Ht´sd
\nc-Ønhbv°p-∂p-≠v -Xm\pw(am-Xr-`qan Zn\-]{Xw
FUn‰v t]Pv teJ-\w, 24/3).
`K-h-ZvKoX thZm-¥-im-kv{X -{K-Ÿ-a-√. i¶-c≥,
cmam-\p-P≥, am[z≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS KoXm-`m-jy-ß-
fmWv thZm-¥-im-kv{X -{K-Ÿ-߃. cm[m-Ir-jvW-\m-
I-s´, Ch-bn¬ H∂n-t\bpw A\p-K-an-°p-∂-Xmbn
tXm∂p- ∂ n- √ . KoXbv ° v kz¥w hymJym- \ hpw
`mjyhpw Na-®n-´p-ap≠v(am-Xr-`qan Zn\-]-{X-Øn¬
ap≥]v Jfixi {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv). AXp-sIm≠v
cm[m-Ir-jvWs‚ hy‡n-KX KoXm{]]-©sØ hne-
bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv ta¬ ]-d™ KoXm`m-jy-Im-c∑m-cpsS
]c-º-c-I-fn¬s∏´ k\ymknam-cpw ]fin-X-∑m-cp-am-
Wv, B[p-\n-I im-kv{X-tam, imkv{X-⁄-tcm, tIcf
kb≥kv & sSIvt\m-fPn skmssk-‰n-tbm A√.
skmssk-‰n-bnse s{]m^-k¿am¿°v hkvXp-\njvT
ka-Im-en-I-im-kv{XsØ hn´v hy‡n-KX ]pcm-W-ß-
fn-emWv Xmev]-cy-sa-¶n¬ AXv Ah-cpsS hy‡n-]-c-
amb Imcyw am{Xw.
\yq´≥ Xs‚ Ne\ \nb-a-ßfpw Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-
W-\n-b-ahpw hn`m-h\w sNbvXXpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xpw
km¿h-eu-InI(universal) \nb-a-ß-fm-bm-Wv. Hcp \√
Zm¿i-\n-I≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂ \yq´≥ ]q¿Æ-Xbv°pw
]q¿Æ {]]-©-Øn\pw AXn-cp-Ifpw Af-hp-Ifpw
\¬Im-sXXs∂ ]q¿Æ-Xsb X\-Xmbn \ne-\n¿Øn.
AhnsS {]IrXn \nb-a-amWv(A-Xns\ A\p-k-cn-
°¬) {]IrXn hyh-ÿ-Isf GIo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
\yq´s‚ \nb-aß - ƒ ]cn-jv°c- n-t°-≠n-h∂- t- ∏mƒ B
ZuXyw Gs‰-SpØ Izm≠w`uXn-I- \n-ba - ß- ƒ km¿h-
- m-a≥
eu-InI \nb-aß - f- m-Wv. Ign™ Hcp \q‰m-≠n-e[
ImesØ ]co-£W \nco-£-W-ß-fn-sem∂pw Hcp
- nIw
]ng-hv -t]mepw Is≠-Øm-\m-bn-´p-an-√.
C∂sØ Izm≠w`uXn-I-Øn\v AXn-k-¶o¿W-X-
bn¬ Ihn™v Hcp Ipg-∏h - p-an-√. AXn¬ XcwKßfpw
IWn- I - I fpw H∂n®v h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ Xv Ipg- ∏ - a - √ .
XcwKw, "Ne\w' F∂ hIp-∏n¬ s]Sp-∂p, IWnI
"{Zhyw' F∂ hIp-∏nepw. c≠pw ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ß-
f-√. H∂n-®p-]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ bp‡n-`wKw hcp-∂p-an-√.
Ne-\-Øn\v hncp-≤-am-bn-´p-≈Xv Ne-\-c-ln-X-amb
Bflm-hmWv! cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse
"ÿe'sØ am[y-ah - k
- X
v p-hm-°n-bm-emWv bp‡n ]nW-
ßp-I.
Izm≠w A\n-›n-XXzw C∂v Gh¿°pw kp]-cn-
Nn- X - a mb "UnPn- ‰ ¬' Af- h p- I - f nse Xo¿Øpw
kmt¶XnIw am{X-amb kzm`m-hnI A\n-›n-X-Xz-am-
Wv. FÆp-tºmƒ H∂v -hn-´m¬ c≠v, ]Øv -hn-´m¬
]Xn-s\m-∂v, \qdv hn-´m¬ \qs‰m-∂v.... Aßs\ Aß-
s\. F√m-bvt∏mgpw Hcp bq\n-‰ns‚ A\n-›n-X-Xz-ap-
≠m-bn-cn-°pw. AXv C∂sØ imkv{X-Ønse Hscm‰
Af-hn-s‚bpw IrXy-X-tbtbm kq£va-X-tbtbm
_m[n-®n-´n-√. Hcp \q‰m≠v ap≥]v hn`m-h\w sNøm≥
t]mepw km[y-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ IrXy-Xbpw kq£va-X-bp-
amWv C∂sØ imkv{X-Øn-ep-≈-Xv.
Izm≠w`uXn-I-Øn¬ "kw`m-hyX' am{Xw F∂v
Ah-tl-fn-t°-≠X - n-√. imkv{X-Øn¬ {]k-‡ß - f - mb
F√m Af-hp-Ifpw Xmc-Xay Af-hp-I-fm-Wv. UnPn-
‰¬ Af-hp-I-fpsS At\ym-\y-_-‘-ß-fmWv "kw`m-
hyX.' AXn¬ Zm¿i-\n-Ic - psS A\n-›n-XX - ztam Ahy-
‡-Xtbm hcp-∂n-√. Fs¥-¶nepw kw`-hn-®m¬ kw`-
hn-®-Xp-X-s∂. ]IpXn Poh-\p≈ {juUn-¶-cpsS
]q®bv°v (Schrödinger's cat) `uXn-I-im-kv{X-Øn¬
Ct∏mƒ ÿm\-an-√.
Ime-l-cWw h∂ a\- p-Iƒ°v Ah-Kmlw IqSp-
X¬ D≠m-tb-°m-sa-¶n-epw, CsXm∂pw Dƒs°m-
≈m≥ ]‰n-sb-∂v -h-cn-√. Izm≠w _e-X{¥w, _e-
Øn¬ \n∂v ap‡-ambn Ne-\-Øns‚ CS-h-´-ßfpw
CS-th-f-I-fp-amb Iev]nX Af-hp-Iƒ (discrete param-
eters) am{X-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv F-∂v cm[m-Ir-
jv W s‚ {i≤- b n¬ CXp- h sc IS- ∂ p- h - ∂ - X mbn
ImWp-∂n-√. cm[m-Ir-jvW\v NXp¿∞n-bmb (πm¶n-
s‚) km¿Δ-eu-Io-I-ÿn-cm¶w hgn-bmWv CXv km[n-
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 27
 s®-Sp-°p-∂-sX-∂v -IqSn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s´. Zp¿{Km-
lyX C√m-Xm-°m≥ Izm≠w \nb-a-ßsf \yq´s‚
efn-Xs- si-en-bn¬ ]p\-ch
- X
- c
- n-∏n-°m-\p≈ ]cn-{i-aß
- -
fmWv C∂v AXym-h-iyw. AXn-`u-Xn-I-Øn-tem ]pcm-
W-ß-fnse A¤p-X-I-Y-I-fntem tNt°-dp-I-b-√.
kmam\y dnte-‰n-hn‰n
Bt]- £ n- I - X m- X - X z- Ø n¬ A[n- j v T n- X - a mb
sF≥ssÃs‚ kmam\y dnte-‰n-hn‰n Hcp km¿h-eu-
IoI kn≤m-¥-a-√. AXnse \nb-a-߃ km¿h-eu-
Io- I - ß - f p- a - √ . Bsc- ¶ nepw \nco- £ n- ° p- t ºmƒ
am{Xta `uXn-I hy-h-ÿ-Ifn¬ (physical systems)
Bt]-£n-I-Xm-XXzw _m[-I-am-Ip-∂p-≈q. Bcpw
\nco-£n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Bt]-£n-I-Xm-XØzw
_m[-Ia - m-IW - s - a-∂n-√. DZm-lc
- Ww C∂sØ Um¿Iv
am‰¿ Xs∂.
sF≥ssÃs‚ "H_vk¿h¿'(\n-co-£-I≥) BWv
C∂sØ P\-{]nb imkv{X-Øn¬ IS-∂p-Ib - d
- n-°f- n®v
F√m Ipg-∏-ß-fp-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xv. hy‡nKX-am-b-
Xns\(`-K-h-ZvKoX DZm-l-c-Ww) hkvXp-KX B[p-\n-
I- im-kv{X-Øn¬ Ahn-ln-X-ambn Ib-‰n-hn-Sm\pw(a-
dn-®pw) hgn-sbm-cp-°n-bXv thsd Bcp-a-√. AXns‚
Xn‡-^-e-ß-fmWv C∂sØ imkv{Xm-`m-k-ß-fmbn
\mw A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
{]]-©-hn-Imk k¶-ev]-Øn\v B[m-c-amb l
_nƒ hnI-k\ \nbaw Hcp \nco-£n-X-\n-b-a-am-Wv.
AXv Hcp km¿h-eu-In-I-\n-b-a-am-bn-s°m-≈-W-sa-∂n-
√. \nco-£n-°-s∏-SmsX X\-Xm-bn-cn-°p∂ samØ-{]-
]-©-Øn\v _nKv _mtßm, ]ncn Ab-thm, a‰v tIm
{]m-b-ßtfm th≠. Bcpw \nco-£n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-
28 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
tºmƒ t]mepw hkvXp-\n-jvT -bm-Ym¿∞yw \ne-\n¬
°p-sa∂v Xs∂-bmWv `uXn-I-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ASn-
ÿm-\ kzbw{]am-Ww.
B¬_¿´v sF≥ssÃs‚ kmam\y dnte-‰n-hn‰n
kn≤m-¥hpw A\p-_‘ - ß - fpw F√m-bvt∏mgpw B[p-
\n-I- `u-Xn-I-im-kv{X-Øns‚ apJy-[m-c-bn¬ \n∂v
th¿Xn- c n- ™ mWv k©- c n- ® n- ´ p- ≈ - X v . F∂m¬
Ahbv°v imkv{X-Øn¬ kzX-{¥-ambn \ne-\n¬°m-
\p≈ tijn-bp-an-√. Ahn-sSbpw \yq´s‚ {Zhy-am-
\sØ B{i-bn-t°-≠n-hc - p-∂p-≠t- √m. Ah Hcn-°epw
imkv{X-Øns‚ ASn-Ød Bbn-cp-∂n-√, A√, Bhp-
I-bp-an-√. `mhn-bn¬ kmam\y dnte-‰n-hn‰n Izm≠w
`uXn-I-Øn¬ ebn®v "Izm≠w {Kmhn‰n' kn≤m-¥-am-
Ip- t ºmtg AXv ]q¿Æ- a m- I p- I - b p- ≈ p. At∏mƒ
as‰mcp ]q¿Æ-{]-]© - k- n-≤m¥w A\m-hi - y-am-bn-Øo-
cpw. AXp-hsc B¿°pw F¥v -th-W-sa-¶nepw ]d-
bmw, IW-°p-Iƒ Iq´mw, Ingn-°mw, \nco-£-W-^-e-
ßsf hf-bv°mw, HSn°mw! AsXm∂pw imkv{X-am-
bn-cn-°p-Ib
- n-√, c≠mw-InS imkv{Xm-`m-kß - ƒ am{Xw.
sF≥ssÃs‚ dnte-‰n-hn-‰n°v Hcp {]]-©i - m-kv{X
-imJ(tIm-kvtam-f-Pn) Ds≠-∂v h®v GXv {]]-©
Z¿i-\hpw B[p-\n-I -im-kv{X-Øns‚ coXn-bn-ep≈
Hcp k{º-Zmb imkv{X-kn-≤m-¥-am-sW∂v Ah-Im-
i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv IptdIS∂ Iøt√? Cubp-≈-hs\
Xo¿Øpw Aº-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v DØcw In´mØ ISw-
I-Y-bmbn ap∂n¬ h∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv tIcf kb≥kv
& sSIvt\m-fPn s{]m^-k¿am-cpsS imkv{X ho-£-
W-am-Wv. B {]K-¤-imkv{X Kpcp-°-∑m-cpsS injy-
K-W-Øns‚ imkv{X-ho-£Ww F¥m-bn-cn°mw?
 ]n.-kp-\n¬Ip-am¿
skpknpy@gmail.com
]pØ≥ tZiob hnZym-`ymk \bhpw
s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk taJ-ebpw
am \hkaq- l-Øns‚ tamN-\-amWv hnZym-`ym-k-
Øns‚ e£y-sa∂v hnZym-`ymk hnN-£-W¿
A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬ hn⁄m-\Ø - ns‚ Dev]m-
Z\w- ˛ hnX- c - W w, [m¿anIaqey- ß - f psS hnIm- k w,
sXmgn¬ e`yX, ]uc-t_m-[-Øns‚ hf¿® F∂n-
hbpw hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ e£y-ß-fmbn IW-°m-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp hy‡n-bpsS \m\m Xc-Øn-ep≈ Ign-
hp-Isf \nc-¥cm`ym-k-Øn-eqsS i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-
bmWv hnZym-`ymkw sNøp-∂-Xv.
kmaq-lnI hnI-k\ {]{In-b-bpsS ASn-ÿm\
LS-Iß - f
- n-sem-∂mWv hnZym-`ym-kw. Hcp P\m-[n-]Xy
kaq-l-Øns‚ kr„n°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Adn-hv,
at\m-`m-hw, ss\]p-Wn, F∂n-hbpw aqey-ßfpw
B¿Pn-s®-Sp-°m≥ hy‡nIsf {]m]vX-cm-°p-I-bmWv
hnZym-`ymk {]{In-b-bn-eqsS \S-t°≠-Xv.
hnZym-`ym-kw Hcp Zo¿L-Ime \nt£-]-am-Wv. Hcp
P\-X-bpsS `mK-t[-bsØ \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ kmwkvIm-
cnI {]{In-b. "]Tn-®-sX√mw ad-∂p-I-gn-bp-tºmgpw
\Ωn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂-sXt¥m AXmWv hnZym-
`ymkw' F∂v B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão\pw "temIsØ
am‰n-a-dn-°m-\p≈ i‡amb Bbp-[-amWv hnZym-`ym-
kw'- F∂v s\¬k¨ at≠-ebpw Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p.
1947-˛¬ C¥ybv°v kzmX{¥yw e`n-°p-tºmƒ
shdpw 30 iX-am-\Øn¬ Xmsg Bfp-Iƒ am{Xta
\ΩpsS cmPyØv km£-c-cm-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. kzX{¥
C¥ybnse BZy hnZym-`ymkhIp∏v a{¥n-bm-bn-cp∂
{io. auem\ A–p¬Iemw Bkm-Zv, tI{μ Khs◊
‚ns‚ ta¬t\m-´-Øn-em-IWw cmPysØ BI-am\
hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\ß - fpw \S-t°-≠Xv F∂ Z¿i-
\- a p- ≈ - b m- f m- b n- c p- ∂ p. AXns‚bSn- ÿ m- \ - Ø n¬
1948˛49 Ime-Øp-Xs∂ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n FUyp-t°-
j≥ IΩo-j≥ cq]o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚
s]mXp-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp∂p CsX√mw
F∂v ImWmw. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ Xs∂ P\m-[n-]Xy
`c-W-{Iaw ÿm]n-°-s∏´ C¥y-bn¬ ]n∂oSv h∂
Khs◊‚p-Isf√mw- hnZym-`ymkw hym]n-∏n-°p∂
{]{In-b-bn¬ [mcm-f-ambn CS-s]-´n-´p-≠v.
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 29
 s]mXp-ta-J-ebv°v IqSp-X¬ {]mapJyw \¬Ip-
Ibpw \nb-{¥W hnt[-b-ambn kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn¬
ÿm]- \ - ß ƒ A\p- h - Z n- ° p- I bpw sNøpI F∂
tkmjy-enÃv ImgvN-∏mSv {io. Ph-l¿em¬ s\{lp
{][m-\a - {- ¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ Ime-bf- h
- nse \b-am-bn-cp-∂p.
hnZym-`ymkKth-j-W-Øn-\pw ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-\p-ambn
NCERT F∂ ÿm]\w tI{μ Khs◊‚ v 1961-˛¬
Bcw-`n-®p. hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf s]mXp-[m-
c-bn¬ sIm≠p-hc - m-\p≈ {][m-\s- ∏´ \S-]S- n-If
- n-sem-
∂m-bn-cp∂p CXv. AXp-h-sc-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ {_n´ojv
`c-W-IqS kr„n-bmb hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\sØ
am‰n-a-dn-°m-\mbn 1968-˛¬ {ioaXn Cμn-cm-Km-‘n-bpsS
Khs◊‚ v BZy hnZym-`ymk \b-Øn\v cq]w \¬In.
]n∂oSv 1986, 1992 F∂o h¿j-ß-fn¬ tZiob hnZym-
`ymk \b-sØ-∏‰n ]T-\-ßfpw N¿®-Ifpw \S-°p-
Ibpw Ah-bpsS XpS¿®-bmbn \b-cq-]o-I-cW kan-
Xn-Iƒ cq]w sIm≈pIbpw sNbvXp. {io. tIm-Ømcn
sNb¿am\mbp≈ 1964-˛se hnZym-`ymk IΩo-j≥
\¬Inb dnt∏m¿´nse ip]m¿i -{]Im-cw BZy hnZym-
`ymk\bw 1968˛¬ cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p.
tZiob ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°-\p-tbm-Py-amb Xc-Øn-
emWv 1968-˛se tZiob hnZym-`ymk\bØn\v cq]w
\¬Is∏´Xv. kmwkvIm-cnIhf¿®bv°pw kmaq-tlym-
30 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
∂-a\- Ø
- n\pw hgn-ac - p-∂n-Sp∂ coXn-bn-em-Wv Cu \bw
cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. {Xn`mjm ]≤-Xn, 14 hb-kv -hsc
\n¿_-‘nX hnZym-`ym-kw, A≤y-m]I]cn-io-e\w
F∂nh Cu \b-Øns‚ `mK-ambn \ne-hn¬h-∂p.
lnμn `mjbv°v IqSp-X¬ {]mapJyw \¬In F∂
t]cp-tZmjw D≠m-sb-¶nepw tZio-b-h-cp-am-\-Øns‚
6 % hnZym-`ymk taJ-ebv°v am‰n-hbv°-W-sa∂ Ncn-
{X-]-c-amb Xocp-am\w Cu \b-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn- h-
∂p. F∂m¬ BsI Pn.-Un.-]n.-bpsS \mev iX-am\w
t]mepw \o°n-sh-°m≥ Khs◊‚n\v Ign-™n-√. Cu
\b-Øn-eqsS cq]-s∏´ Xocp-am-\-߃ Gsdsbm∂pw
\S-∏m-bn-s√-¶nepw C¥y-bnse hnZym-`ym-k-ta-J-e
bv°v Znim-t_m[w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v XpS-°-an-Sm≥ A
Xn\v Ign-™p.
]n∂oSv {io. cmPohvKm‘n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn
ep≈ Khs◊‚ v, ]pXnb hnZym-`ymk\bw Xømdm
°m-\mbn 1985-˛¬ Hcp IΩn-‰nsb \ntbm-Kn-®p. s{]m
^-j-W¬ ]co-£-Iƒ°v s]mXp-{]-th-i\ ]co£
F∂ Bi-bw \S-∏m-°-n. kmaq-lnI Ak-¥p-en-Xm-
h-ÿ-Iƒ Ipd-bv°p-I, hnZym-`ymk Ah-k-c-߃ F
√m-h¿°pw \¬IpI F∂n-hb - m-bn-cp∂p e£yw. h\n-
X-IfpsSbpw BZn-hm-kn-IfpsSbpw ]nt∂m°w \n¬
°p-∂-hcpsSbpw t£ahpw Cu \b-Ønse ]cn-K-
W\mhnj-b-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. 1986-˛¬ \bw AwKo-I-cn-
°-s∏´p. kmaq-lnI DZv{K-Y-\w, kvtImf¿ jn-∏p-Iƒ,
htbm-P\ hnZym-`ym-kw, Ip´n-Isf apS-ßmsX kvIqfp-
I-fn-se-Øn-°m-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ, ss{]adn cwKsØ
Hm∏-td-j≥ ªm°v t_m¿Uv F∂nh {]kvXpX \bw
hn`m-h\w sNbvXp. IGNOU(C-t·m) t]mep≈ ]pXnb
bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-Iƒ Cu \b-Øns‚ `mK-ambn ÿm]n-
X-am-bn. C°m-e-b-fhv apX¬ Xs∂ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-
k-ta-Je Nne {]iv\-ßsf t\cn-´p-w Xp-S-ßn.
1991-˛¬ ]n.-hn. \c-knw-ld - m-hp-hns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬
h∂ tI{μKhs◊‚ v 1992-˛¬ Hcp ]pXnb hnZym-
`ymk\b-Øn\v cq]w \¬In. Cu Ime-am-Ip-tºm-
tg°pw {io. a≥tam-l≥knwKv tI{μ[\-a-{¥n-bm-Ip-
Ibpw DZm-c-h-ev°-c-W-˛-kz-Im-cy-h¬°-cW \b-߃
\S-∏m-°m≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Cu \b-
Øns‚ `mK-ambn ss{]adn Xew apX¬ bqWn-th-
gvkn-‰n X
- ew hscbpw [mcm-fw kzIm-cy-˛A - ¨ FbvU
Uv hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ hym]-I-ambn apf-®p-
s]m-¥n. hntZi k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-IfpsS IS∂phchn
\v CXn-eqsS hgn-sbm-cp-°-s∏-´p. i‡-amb sNdp-Øp-
\n¬∏p-Iƒ \S-∂-XpsIm-≠p-am{Xw Ch-bn¬ ]eXpw
]q¿Æ-ambn \S-∏m-°m-≥ Ign-bmsX-t]m-bn.
{io. a≥tam-l≥knw-Kv {][m-\-a{¥nbmbn 2005-˛¬
A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂ k¿°mcpw Hcp tZiob hnZym-
`ymk \b-Øn\v cq]w-\¬In. DZm-c-h-Xv°-cW\b-
߃°v {]mapJytaIn Xøm- d m- ° nb {]kv X pX
\bhpw hntZi k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-Iƒ°pw h≥InS
tIm¿∏-td‰pIƒ°pw hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn-te°v IS-
∂p-h-cm-\p≈ ]mX Hcp-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. SSA, C≥¢p-
kohv hnZym-`ym-kw, dqk F∂o ]≤-Xn-Ifpw hnZym-
`ymk Ah-Im-i-\n-b-ahpw Cu \b-Øns‚ `mK-ambn
D≠m-sb-¶nepw hnZym-`ymktaJ-ebv°v \¬In-bn-cp∂
hnhn[ PmXn-°m¿, aX-°m¿, ]´nI PmXn˛h¿K hn`m-K-߃, `n∂-ti-jn-°m¿
F∂n-ßs\ F√m hn`m-Khpw HØp-tN-cp-∂bnS-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS
s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-ß-ƒ. klm-\p-`q-Xn, kl-h¿Øn-Øw, atX-X-c-t_m-[w,
enwK kaXzw F∂o aqey-ß-fpsS ]mT-ime IqSn-bmWv Ah.
s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-߃ s]mXp-C-S-ß-fm-sW∂pw AhnsS
DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv XnI™ P\m-[n-]Xy D¬∏-∂-ß-fm-sW∂pw AhnsS
h¿§ob ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°v ÿm\-an-s√-∂p-ap≈ Xncn-®-dn-hmWv
kzIm-cy-ÿm-]-\-ß-sfbpw hntZi k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-I-sfbpw Cu cwK-tØ°v
IS-Øn-hn´v `mhnXe-ap-d-bpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-ti-jnsb XI¿°p∂
hnZym-`ym-k-\bw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ tI{μ-k¿°mcns\ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

^≠p-Iƒ henb t- Xm-Xn¬ sh´n-°p-d® - Xv \b-Øns‚
e£y-߃°v hncp-≤-ambnt∏mbn. Cu \b--Ønepw
XpS¿∂p≈ Imcy-ß-fnepw hnZym-`ymkØnse hyh-
kmbhXv°c - W
- Ø
- n-\m-bn-cp∂p ap≥KW\sb∂v Xncn-
®-dn-bm≥ {]bm-k-an-√. tZi-hym-]-I-amb [mcmfw
{]t£m-`-߃ hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn¬ C°me-b-f-
hn¬ \S-∂Xpw Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw hnP-b-am-bXpw `c-
W-IqSw Nne \b˛k-ao-]-\-߃ Xncp-Øp-∂Xpw \mw
I≠p.
‰n.-F-kv.-B¿. kp{_-“-Wyw IΩ‰n
2014-˛¬ h≥ `qcn-]-£-Øn¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂
tamZn k¿°m¿ ssIh® {][m-\ taJeIfn-sem∂v,
Ghcpw {]Xo-£n-®-t]m-se- hnZym-`ymk\b-cq-]o-I-
cWw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. `mhn Xe-ap-dIsf hm¿sØ-
Sp-°p∂ aqisb∂ \ne-bn¬ AXv Xß-fpsS AP‚-
Iƒ \S-∏m-t°≠ CS-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-™ `c-W-
IqSw {io. ‰n.-F-kv.-B¿. kp{_-“-Wy-sØ A[y-£-
\m°n Hcp \mewK- kan-Xn°v cq]w \¬In. kan-
Xn°v \¬Inb tcJ XpS-ßp-∂XpXs∂ C¥y-bnse
]pcm-X\ hnZym-`ymkcoXn-I-sf-°p-dn®pw A∂p-≠m-
bn-cp∂ {]ikvX-ß-fmb Iem-im-e-I-sf-°p-dn®pw
\ndw-]n-Sn∏n® AXn-i-tbm-‡n-Iƒ hnh-cn-®psIm-
≠mWv. kanXn 2016 sabv amkw Khs◊‚n\v dnt∏m¿
´v \¬In. cmPysØ ap∂qdv aney¨ ]Tn-Xm-°sf
_m[n-°p∂ Imcysa∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu dnt∏m¿´ns‚
{]m[m\yw hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. dnt∏m¿´v 2017-˛¬ {]m_-
ey-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm-\mWv k¿°m¿ Dt±-in-°p-∂-
Xv.
Gsd {]m[m-\y-tØmsS \S-∏m-t°≠ Nne \n¿tZ-
i-߃ dnt∏m¿´n¬ ImWmw. C¥y≥ FUyp-t°-j≥
k¿Δokv cq]o-I-c-Ww, sS‰v ]co-£-Iƒ, A[ym-]-I¿
°v \n¿_-‘nX ssek≥kv \¬I¬, {]o˛kvIqƒ
hnZym-`ymk Ah-Imiw, kwkvIrX hym]-\w, temI-
am-I-am-\-ap-≠m-Ip∂ am‰-߃°-\p-kr-X-amb coXn-
bn¬ Icn°pew ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-I, imkv{Xw, Cw•o-
jv, IW°v F∂n-hbv°v Hcp s]mXp Icn-°pew tZio-
b-Xe - Ø
- n¬ sIm≠p-hc - nI F∂n-h- Ah-bn¬ NneXm
Wv. {]o˛kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v C∂v th≠{X
{]m[m\yw e`n°p-∂n-s√-∂pw IqSp-X¬ AwK≥hm-Sn-
Iƒ Bcw-`n-°Wsa∂pw ss{]h‰v AwK-\-hm-Sn-Iƒ
\nb-{¥-W-hn-t[-b-am-°-W-sa∂pw dnt∏m¿´v \n¿tZin
°p-∂p. 11 hbkv(A-©mw -¢m-kv) hsc Bscbpw
tXm¬∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I, 8˛mw ¢mkv hsc tXm¬∏n-
°cpsX∂ \bw ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I, 10-˛mw ¢mkv
]co£Iƒ XncnsI sIm≠p-h-cnI, 12-˛mw ¢mkp-
Im¿°v tZio-b-X-e-Øn-¬ sSÃv F∂nhbpw apJy-hn-
j-b-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cn°p-∂p. ]Ømw -X-c-Ønse
tXm¬hn-Iƒ Ipd-bv°m≥ ]co-£-Iƒ°pw Nne am‰-
߃ \n¿t±-in-°-p-∂p. Ct∏mgsØ t\m Un‰≥j≥
t]mfnkn am‰-s∏-S-Ww, ]T-\-\n-e-hmcw Db-c-Ww,
tI{μo- b ˛\thm- Z b hnZym- e - b - ß ƒ IqSp- X - e mbn
ÿm]n-°-s∏-S-Ww. D®-`£W ]cn-]mSn Ip´n-I-fpsS
kpc-£, Iuamc hnZym-`ymkw \S-∏m-°¬, Hm¨
sse≥ ]T- \ w t{]m’m- l n- ∏ n- ° ¬, C≥¢q- k ohv
FUyq-t°-j≥, sse^v temßv teWnw-Kv, F≥.-Pn.-
H.-Isf G¿s∏-Sp-ج, ss\]p-Wy -hn-I-k-\w, sF.-
kn.-‰n.-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ج, F≥.-
kn.-kn., F≥.-F-kv.-F-kv., tbmK F∂n-h-bpsS hym]-
\w, A[ym- ] - I - c p- s Sbpw {]n≥kn- ∏ ¬am- c p- s Sbpw
{]h¿Ø\ anI-hv hne-bn-cp-ج, \mj-W¬ lb¿
FUyp-t°-j≥ s^tem-jn∏v ÿm]-\w, D∂X hnZym-
`ymk taJ-e-bnse KpW-\n-e-hmc Ak-kvsa‚ v,
\m°ns‚ ]p\x-kw-L-S-\, sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnZym-
`ymk hym]-\w, Hm∏¨ kvIqƒ, "BtKmf \ne-hm-
c'-Øn-ep≈ D∂X hnZym-`ym-kw, \yq∏-bp-sS kwLm-
S\w, D∂X hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KØv ]pXnb \nb-aw, Ccp-
\qdv hntZi k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-I-fpsS Hm∏¨ Iymºkv
Xpd-°¬, tZiob Xmev]-cy-߃, tZio-tbm-Zv{K-Y-\w,
dnen-Pn-bkv Aan‰n F∂o \n¿t±-i-ßfpw dnt∏m¿´v
apt∂m´v hbv°p-∂p.
kan-Xn-bpsS kao-]-\hpw -\n¿t±-i-ßfpw hfsc
kZp-t±-i-]-c-am-sW∂v {]Y-a-Zr„ym tXm∂mw. s]mXp-
hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øns‚ hf¿®- am{Xw e£yw hbv°p∂
\n¿tZm-j-ß-fmb Xocp-am-\-ß-fm-Wv F∂pw {]Xy-£-
Øn¬ tXm∂mw. F∂m¬ Ch-tbmtcm∂pw XnI®pw
P\m-[n-]Xyhncp-≤hpw `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ ]d-bp∂
sk°p-e-dnÃv ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°v hncp-≤-hp-amsW∂v
ImWm≥ hnj-a-an-√. AXv hgnsXfn-°p-∂Xv h¿§o-
b-X-bn-te°pw hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Itºm-f-h¬°-c-
W-Øn-te-°p-am-bn-cn-°pw.
sP.-F-kv.-c-Pv]pØv HgnsI kanXn-bnse \mev
AwK-ßfpw D∂tXmtZym-K-ÿ-c-m-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-U-
ao-jy-\mb cmPv]p-Øm-Is´ NCERTbn¬ B¿.-F-kv.-

Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 31

 F-kv.s‚ h‡m-hmbn \nb-an-°-s∏-´-bm-fpw. A°m-Z-
anIv cwKsØ ]fin-X¿, h¿j-ß-fpsS ]cn-Nbkº-
∂-Xb - p≈ A[ym-]I - ¿, kwL-S\m {]h¿Ø-I¿ F∂n-
h¿°v kanXn-bn¬ {]th-i-\-ap-≠m-bn-√. DtZym-Kÿ
Zpjv{]-`pXzw bmsXmcp ImgvN-∏m-Sp-an-√msX tabp∂
taJ-e-bmWv hnZym-`ym-kw. AØ-c-samcp taJ-e-bn-
¬ DtZym-Kÿ ta[m-hn-Iƒ cq]s∏Sp-Øp∂ \bw
\ne-hn¬ h∂m¬ AXns‚ {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ hfsc
Kpcp-X-c-am-bn-°pw. dnt∏m¿´ns‚ BZy`mKØv Xs∂
k¿°m¿ taJ-eb - nse hnZym-`ymkw ]cm-Pb - a
- m-sW∂v
Btcm-]n-°p-∂p-ap≠v. CXv hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn-
te°v IqSp-X¬ kzIm-cy-ÿm-]-\-ßsf Ib-‰n-hn-Sm-
\m-sW∂v ImtW-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kzIm-cy-˛ kzm-{ib
ÿm]-\-߃ Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ BhiyØn-e-[n-I-
aps≠∂pw Ah- \nc-h[n kmaqly {]iv\-߃°v
Imc-W-am-Ip∂ps≠∂pw Hm¿°-Ww. s]mXptaJ-e-
bnse ÿm]-\-߃°v IqSp-X¬ ^≠v A\p-h-Zn-®p-
sIm≠v Ahsb anI-hns‚ tI{μ-ß-fm-°n- am‰n hcpw
Xe-ap-dbv°v KpW-]c - a
- mb hnZym-`ymkw \¬Ip∂ \b-
at√. Khs◊‚ v kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xv?
sXmgn¬ ss\]pWy hnI-k-\-Øns‚ t]cnemI
s´ hen-sbmcp P\-k-aq-lsØ BtKmf apX-em-fn-
Ø-Øns‚ ssII-fn-te°v Fdn-™psIm-Sp-°m-\mWv
`c-W-IqSw Xmev]-cy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. BtKm-f-ap-X-em-fn-Ø-
Øns‚ sXmgn¬ime-I-fn¬ ]Wn sNøm-\p≈ Icm¿
sXmgn-em-fn-Isf kr„n-°-emWv ChnsS kw`-hn-°p-
∂-Xv. 2009-˛se hnZym-`ymkmh-Im-i-\n-ba {]Imcw 14
hb-kv -hsc \n¿_-‘hpw kuP-\y-hp-amb hnZym-
`ymkw Ip´n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-am-Wv. F≥.-Pn.-H.-I-fp-
sSbpw kzIm-cy-ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]cn-io-e\tI{μ-
ß-fn-te°v ss\]pWy hnZym-`ym-kØ - n-\mbn ]d-™p-
32 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
hn-SpI hgn, kwkvIm-c-sshhn[yØn-s‚bpw aqey-ß-
fp-sSbpw hnim-e-taJ-e-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂
s]mXphnZym-`ym-kØ - n¬ \n∂pw Ah¿ sNdnb ¢mkv
apX¬ Xs∂ A\yw \n¿Ø-s∏-SpIbmWv. CXn¬
_lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw Fkv.-kn, Fkv.-‰n, H.-_n.-kn,
ap…ow hn`m-K-Øn¬ s]-´-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. CXp-hgn
NmXp¿h¿Wy-Øns‚ C\nbpw \in-°msX InS-°p∂
hnØp-Isf apf-∏n-s®-Sp-°m-sa∂v Ah¿ B{K-ln-°p-
∂p. 2016-˛¬ tamZn Kh-s◊‚ v \S-∏m-°nb ssN¬Uv
te_¿(\n-tcm-[-\hpw kwc-£-W-hpw) BŒn-s\-IqSn
CXp-ambn tN¿Øv hmbn-°p-tºmƒ Nn{Xw IqSp-X¬
hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. Cu \nb-a-Øn¬ _me-the \ntcm-
[n- ° p- I - b √, sXmgn¬ taJ- e - I ƒ°v _me- t he
{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ kml-NcytaIpI-b-mWv
sNbvXn´p-≈-Xv. CXv a\p-[¿a ]me\Øn-\pw ]gb
C¥y≥ kml-N-cy-ßsf ]p\-cm-hn-jvI-cn-°m-\pta
DX-Ip. tNcn-I-fnse Ip´nIƒ°m-bn Xpd°psa∂v A-
h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ _Z¬ kvIqfp-Isf, Ah¿°v hnZy -
]-I¿∂v \¬Im-\p≈ Xmev]-cyam-b√, Ah-cn¬ \n
∂pw e`y-am-Ip∂ sXmgn¬ tijn-Isf Ipd-™ hn-
ebv°v Itºm-f-Øn-¬ D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Ah-
k-cs- a-∂mWv a\- n-em-t°-≠X - v. Ahsc apX-em-fnØ
i‡n-Iƒ°v D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øm≥ kuI-cy-s∏-Sp-Øp-
I F∂Xm-Wv kw`-hn°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv. BtKmf
apX-em-fnØ kºZvhyh-ÿbv°v ap∂n¬ Hcp henb
]¶v bph-P-\-Xsb ASn-bd hbv°p-I-sb∂ henb
hne-bmWv C¥y≥ kaqlw CXn\v \¬tI-≠n-h-cp-
I. Cßs\ hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ Xe-apd BtKmf apX-em-
fn- Ø - Ø ns‚ Nqj- W - ß ƒ°v t\sc Hcp sNdp-
tNmZyw t]mepw tNmZn-°m≥ apXn-cp-I-bn√ F∂v
hy‡w.
s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øns‚ ^e-ambn \ΩpsS
\m´nep≠mb kmaqly kmº-ØnI hf¿® GsXm-
cmƒ°pw Xncn-®d - n-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂X - m-Wv. A¨ FbvU
Uv ÿm]-\-߃ [mcm-f-ambn A\p-h-Zn-°pI hgn
kzIm-cy-hy-h-km-bn-Iƒ°v Cu taJ-e-bn-te°v IS-
∂p-I-b-dm\pw s]mXp-P-\-ßsf ]ngn-bm\pw Ah-k-c-
ambn.
anI-hn-s‚bpw KpW-ta-∑-bp-sSbpw t]cv -]-d™v
IqSp-X¬ em`w Is≠-Øm-\p≈ hnf-\n-e-ß-fmbn
{]o˛-ss{]-adn apX¬ k¿Δ-I-em-im-e hsc-bp≈
ÿm]-\ß - sf D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øm≥ h≥InS tIm¿∏-
td-‰p-Iƒ hsc cwK-sØ-Øn-. CXns‚ ^e-ambn sa®-
s∏´ A≤ym-]-Isc s]mXp-ta-J-ebv°v \„-am-Ip-
Ibpw AXv s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-kØ - ns‚ KpW-\n-eh - mcw
XI-cm≥ Imc-W-am-hpIbpw sNbvXp. s]mXp-hn-Zym-
`ym-k-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb ^≠p-Iƒ hI-bn-cp-Øp-∂-
Xn¬ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ°v ]‰nb hogvN kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-
bpsS Db¿®bv°v hgn-sX-fn-®p. h≥ P\-Iob ]¶m-
fn-Ø-tØmsS s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-ksØ i‡-am°n
XncnsI P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°m≥ [nj-Wm-im-en-I-fmb
Hcp kwLw s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ F∂p-ap≠v F∂Xv
kt¥m-j-ta-Ip-∂p. F¶nepw Ah ]q¿W-ambn hnP-
bn®p F∂v ]d-bm≥ Bhn-√.
aqeym-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ymksa∂m¬ kwkvIrX
]T-\amsW∂mWv Cu tcJ hmbn-®m¬ a\- n-em-
Ip-I. kwkvIrX ]T-\-sa∂ t]cn¬ sshZn-I-Im-e
kw-`-h-ßsf h{Io-I-cn®pw hf-s®m-Sn®pw ]mT-]p-kvX-
I-ß-fn¬ Ib-‰n-hn´v Ip™p-a-\- p-I-fn¬ lnμpXz
AP≠ ASn-t®¬∏n-°m≥ CXv hgn- sX-fn-°pw.
bp‡n-Nn-¥bv°pw imkv{X-t_m-[-tØm-sS-bp≈ ]T-
\-Øn\pw AXv hne-ßp-XSn kr„n-°pw. aX-\n-c-t]-
£-amWv hnZym-`ym-ks - a-¶n¬ tcmlnXv shaq-es - b-t∏m-
se-bp≈ anSp-°-cmb hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Imº-kp-I-
fn¬ c‡-km-£n-I-fm-tI-≠n hcn-√. Iem-im-e-Iƒ
hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS k¿Δ-tXm-∑p-J-amb hf¿®-bpsS
tI{μ-ß-fmbn amdp-Ibpw sNøpw.
{_n´o-j-[n-\n-th-i-Im-eØv sa°msf {]`p C¥y-
bn¬ \S-∏m-°n-bXv A≤ym-]ItI{μnXamb hnZym-
`ymkam-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym¿∞ntI{μnX hnZym-`ym-kØ - n-
tes°-Øm≥ kzmX{¥yw e`n®v Ht´sd h¿j-߃
\mw FSp-Øp. F∂m¬ \sΩ ho≠pw thZ-Im-esØ
A[ym-]I(Kp-cp)tI{μnX hnZym-`ymk kwhn-[m-\Ø - n-
te°v Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv Cu \bw. Kpcp-
Ipe hnZym-`ymk ]mc-º-cysØ∏-‰n- tcJ-bpsS apJ-
hp-c-bn¬ \S-Øp∂ Ah-Im-i-hmZw sXm´v CXn-\p≈
{iaw ImWmw.
ChnsS hnZym-`ymk cwKØv {][m-\-s∏´ kw`m-
h- \ - I ƒ \¬Inb \nc- h [n Bfp- I - f p- s ≠¶nepw
Km‘n-Pn, tKmJ-se, dmw at\m-l¿ dmbv F∂n-hcptS-
sXm-gnsI a‰m-cp-sSbpw t]cp-Iƒ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂n-
√. {]tXy-In®v ZfnXv hntamN-\-Øn\v hnZym-`ym-k-
Øn-eqsS t\XrXzw \¬Inb _m_m kml_v Aw
t_-Zv°-sd-t∏m-epw. tIc-fw t]mse hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-
eqsS apt∂‰w \S-Ønb kwÿm-\ß - f- n¬ {InkvXy≥
anj-W-dn-amcpw, {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp, Aø≥Imfn XpS- i‡n-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp≠v' F∂v c≠mw A≤ym-b-
ßn-b-hcpw hln-®- ]¶v \ap-°-dn-bmw. ]n¬°me s]m Øn¬ Hcn-SØv ]d-bp∂-sXm-gn-®m¬, enwK-]-chpw
XphnZym-`ymk taJ-esb {]_-e-i-‡n-bm°n hf¿ h¿K- ] - c - h p- a mb- {]iv\- ß - s f- ∏ ‰n - t c- J bn¬
Øn-b-Xn¬ ChcpsS Bi-b-߃ sNep-Ønb kzm bmsXm∂pwXs∂-bn-√. ka-Im-enIkaqlØnse
[o\w hy‡-am-Wv. Ch Nq≠n-°m-´n-sb-¶n¬ AXv \· bmYm¿∞y-ß-fmb enwK-˛PmXn hnth-N\ßsf-
A[x-ÿnX h¿K-߃°v apt∂-‰-Øn-\p≈ amXr-I- ∏‰n au\-w- ]men-®p-sIm≠v cmPy-Øns‚ hnZym-`ymk
bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-t™-s\. kwhn-[m-\-Øn\v cq]w sImSp-°p∂ tcJ Fß-s\-
tc-J-bn¬ Ahn-S-hn-sS-bmbn kwkvIm-cw, P\m-[n- bmWv Pnh- p-‰-Xm-IpI? hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KØv C\n
]-Xyw, Xpey-X, bp‡n-Nn-¥, C≥¢q-j≥, sk°p-e- sNtø-≠-sX-s¥√msa∂ am¿K-\n¿t±iw \¬Im≥
dnkw Fs∂√mw ]d-bp-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw B hm°p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p∂ Hcp tcJ- {]kvXpX hnj-b-ßsf A`n-
th≠{X Bflm¿∞-am-b√ {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂- kw-t_m-[\ sNømsX t]mIp∂psh∂m¬, kmaq-
sX∂pw adn®v tZio-b-X, hnI-k-\w, kmwkvIm-cnI ln-I-amb ASn-®-a¿Ø-ens‚ D]m-[n-bm-Im≥ hnZym-
tZio-bX F∂o {]tbm-K-߃°mWv ap≥Xq-°-sa- `ymkhpw Hcp-ßp-∂psh∂v Npcp-°w. s]mXp-hn-Zym-
∂pw H‰- hmb-\bn¬ Xs∂ a\-kn-em°m≥ Ign-bpw. `ym-k-ta-Je CØcw hnj-b-߃ kPo-h-ambn N¿®-
cm{„-Øns‚ t£a-sØbpw hnI-k-\-{]-{In-b-sbbpw sN-ø-p∂ Ime-b-f-hnemWv CXv kw`-hn-°p-∂sX
kw_- ‘ n®v hfsc DXv I Wv T \nd™ hcn- I ƒ t∂m¿°-Ww.
ImWmsa-¶nepw `mhn ]ucs‚ t£a-Øn-s\-∏‰n \ΩpsS Imº-kp-Iƒ Cu hn[ hnj-bß - fpsSbpw
Fßpw ]d-bp-∂n√ F∂Xpw {it≤-b-am-Wv. C¥y≥ N¿®-I-fp-sSbpw t]mcm-´-ß-fp-sSbpw ssPh -`q-an-I-
kwkvIm-c-Ønepw ]mc-º-cy-Ønepw thcp-Ifq∂-nb I-fmbn \n¬°p∂ thfbn¬ Ahsb \ncp-’m-l-
BtKm- f - ] u- c - ∑ msc hm¿sØ- S p- ° - e mWv ]pXnb s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv ^mknÃv `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ Bh-iy-
hnZym-`ymk\b-Øns‚ e£y-sa∂v BapJ-Øn¬ I-X-bmWv; AXmWv ChnsS ImWp-∂-Xpw. cmPy-`-
Xs∂ ImWmw. lnμp tZio-b-X-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-X- cWw Iøm-fp∂ cmjv{Sob I£n-bp-sSbpw Ah¿°v
amb ImgvN-∏m-SmWv CXn-se√mw \ng-en-°p-∂-Xv. - _u≤nI t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ B¿.- F - k v . - F -   n-
"enwK-hy-Xym-k-ßfpw kmaq-lnI h¿K-hy-Xym-k- s‚bpw kh¿W-]£ - ]- m-Xn-Xz-Øns‚ kzcamWv tcJ-
ßfpw adn-IS- °
- m\p-XI - p∂ CS-s]-Se
- p-Iƒ Iptd-°qSn bn¬ apg-ßp-∂-Xv. thZ-Ime Krlm-Xp-c-X-I-fpsS XS-

Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 33

 h-d-bne¥n-bp-d-ßp∂ B¿.-F-kv.-F-kv. A\p-Iq-en-I-
fmb _yqtdm-{Im-‰p-Iƒ cq]w-sIm-SpØ -tc-J-bn¬
\n∂pw AXn-\∏ - pdw {]Xo£n-°m≥ ]mSn-√t- √m. Nn¥-
Iƒ°v Xo]n-Sn-∏n-°p∂ Iem-im-e-I-fn¬ bp‡n-Nn-
¥-bp-sSbpw imkv{X-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw temIØv
Pohn-°p-∂ a\ pIsf XI¿°m\pw Ahn-sS-sb√mw
Imhn-h¬°-cW AP≠ \S-∏m-°m-\p-ap≈ {ia-
߃°v tcJ B°w Iq´pw. hntZi k¿Δ-I-em-imem
Imº-kp-Iƒ°v C¥y-bn¬ {]h¿Ø-\m-\p-aXn \¬I-
Wsa∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sv D∂X hnZym-`ym-k-cw-K-Øv \n-
∂p≈ k¿°m- c ns‚ ]n≥hm- ß ¬ ]q¿Øo- I - c n-
°pIbpw sNøpw.
hnhn[ PmXn-°m¿, aX-°m¿, ]´nI PmXn˛h¿K
hn`m-Kß - ƒ, `n∂-ti-jn-°m¿ F∂n-ßs\ F√m hn`m-
Khpw HØp-tN-cp-∂bnS-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS s]mXp-hn-
Zym-e-b-ß-ƒ. klm-\p-`q-Xn, kl-h¿Øn-Øw, atX-
X-c-t_m-[w, enwK kaXzw F∂o aqey-ß-fpsS ]mT-
ime IqSn-bmWv Ah. s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-߃ s]mXp-
C-S-ß-fm-sW∂pw AhnsS DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
XnI™ P\m-[n-]Xy D¬∏-∂ß - f
- m-sW∂pw AhnsS
h¿§ob ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°v ÿm\-an-s√-∂p-ap≈ Xncn-
®-dn-hmWv kzIm-cy-ÿm-]-\-ß-sfbpw hntZi k¿Δ-
I- e m- i m- e - I - s fbpw Cu cwK- t Ø°v IS- Ø n- h n´v
`mhnXe-ap-d-bpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-ti-jnsb XI¿°p∂
hnZym-`ym-k-\bw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ tI{μ-k¿°mcns\
t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. sslZ-cm-_mZv k¿Δ-I-em-im-e, sP.-
34 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
F≥.-bp, ^nenw C≥Ãn-‰yq´v F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \S∂
hnZym¿∞n{]t£m-`-W-߃ X߃s°-Xn-sc-bp≈
{]Xn-tj-[-ß-fm-sW∂v a\- n-em-°p∂ ^mknÃv
i‡n-Iƒ, Ah `mhn-bn¬ C¥y- ap-gp-h≥ ]S¿∂p]nSn-
°p-sa∂v `b-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ ]S-sbm-
cp-°ß- f- mWv tZiob ]mTy-]≤ - X
- n-bpsS `mK-ambn ]d-
bp∂ ]e \b-ß-fpw. ^etam, s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk
taJe XI¿°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]mh-s∏-´-h¿°pw ]nt∂m-
°-°m¿°pw hnZym-`ym-k-cwKw A\y-am-Ip-Ibpw sN
øpw. Cu hnS-hn¬ sXmgn¬ ss\]p-Wy-hn-Ik - \sa∂
t]cn¬ \S-∏m-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-I-fn-te°v Ah¿ am‰-s∏-
Sp-Ibpw hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ s]mXp-[m-c-I-fn¬ \n∂v
A\y-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw.
]pXnb ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bmbn Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏Sp∂
\b-ßtfmtcm∂pw s]mXp-hn-Zymeb-ßsf XI¿°m-
\p≈hbm-sW∂ Xncn-®d - nhpw s]mXphnZym-`ym-ksØ
-\ne-\n¿Øm\p≈ {ia-ßfpw Hmtcm s]mXp{]h¿Ø-
Is‚ `mKØv \n∂pw D≠m-tI≠ L´-amWv CXv.
\ntbm en_-d¬-˛-tIm¿∏-td-‰v-˛ {_m-“W ta[m-hn-Xz-
Øn-s‚ Xmev]cy kwc-£-Wm¿∞w \S-∏n-em-°m-\p-
t±-in-°p∂ ]pXnb hnZym-`ymk \bsØ C¥y-bn¬
P\m-[n-]-Xyw, atX-X-c-Xzw, tkmjy-en-kw, kaXzw
F∂o Bi-b-߃ ]pe-cWsa∂v B--{K-ln-°p∂h-
cp-sS Iq´m-bva-bn-eqsS sNdpØv tXm¬∏n-°m≥ Aß-
s\tb Ign-bq.
 tPm
josephcabc@gmail.com

kaqlw kwLw hy‡n:

Ah-ÿm-¥-c-߃

HØp-tN¿∂v {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Pohn-I-fpsS Iq´w' (Ox-

ford Dictionary of social sciences) F∂-XmWv AXn¬
{][m-\-s∏´ H∂v. kaq-lhpw kwLhpw XΩn¬ Nne
sNdnb hy-X-ym-k-ßtf D≈q F∂v H‰-t\m-´-Øn¬
tXm∂msa¶nepw Ah XΩn¬ henb A¥-c-ßfm
Wp-≈X - v.
kaqlw Hcp-]mSv Imew \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-b-Ø
° LS-\-I-fp-≈Xpw AXn¬ hkn-°p∂ F√m-h-sc
bpw Htc ho£-W-Øn¬ ImWm≥ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-
Xpw _‘-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬
kwL-߃°v kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-kz-`m-h-߃
]tcm-£-ambn am{XamWp-≠m-hp-I. kwL-߃°v
{]tXyI Dt±iy e£y-ßfp≈-Xn-\m¬ Ah kaq-
l-sØ t]mse hnim-e-amb e£y-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn
®psIm≈-sa-∂n-√. kaq-l-tØmSv FXn¿Øp-\n¬-
°m\pw kaq-l-Øn¬ L-S-\m-]-c-tam A√m-Ø-tXm
Bb am‰-ßfp≠m-°m\pw kwL-߃°v Ign-bpw.
as‰mc¿∞-Øn¬, "ap-b-ep-I-tfm-sSm∏w HmSm\pw th´-
\m-bv°ƒs°m∏w th´-bm-Sm\pw'1 kwL-߃°v Ign-
bpw. kaq-l-Øn\v kwLØn-t∑-ep≈ kzm[o\w hf
sc sNdp-Xm-Wv. kaqlw kwL-Øns‚ t\´˛tIm´-
ßsf Xcw-Xn-cn®v a\- n-em°nhcp-tºm-tg°pw kw
Lw AXns‚ Dt±iy e£y-ßfn-te°v Gsd ASp--
Øn--´p≠mhpw. As√-¶n¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ Xs∂ hen-
sbmcp iX-am-\sØ Xß-fn¬ H∂m°n(B-i-b-]-c-
am-sb-¶n-epw) am‰n-bn-´p-≠m-Ipw. Hcp {]tXyI e£yw
t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øm¬ kwLsØ ]n∂oSv Bh-iy-an-√m-
Ø-hÆw C√m-Xm-°m\pw(Dissolution) Ign-bpw.
s]m-Xpk-aql-sØ H-cm-ib - Ø
- n-te-t°m e-£y-Øn-
k aq-`q{]-l-Ø n\v A\-h[n \n¿Δ-N-\-߃ D≠v. "Hcp
tZ-iØv Po-hn-°p-∂, s]mXp-hn-`-h-߃
te-t°m t_m-[-]q¿-hw F-Øn-°m≥ H-cp {]-tXy-I
kw-Lw A-[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚ A-I-ºSn-tbm-sS ]-cn-{i-an-
]¶n-Sp-∂-, {][m-\-amb GsX-¶nepw khn-ti-j-Xtbm
°p-∂ Im-e-Øm-Wv Cu N¿-®bv°pw Nn-¥-Iƒ°pw
BNmc-\n-jvT-Itfm ]men-°p-∂-, -Htc A[n-Imc t{i
{]-k-‡n ssI-h-cp-∂-Xv. kwL-sØ tI-{μ-_n-μp-hn¬
Wn°v Iogn-¬ Ign-bp∂ Pohn-I-fpsS Iq´w' F∂Xm
\n-¿-Øn-s°m-≠v hy-‡nbpw s]m-Xp-k-aq-lhpw Fß-
Wv(Oxford Dictionary of social sciences) Ah-bn¬ {][m-
s\ kw-L-ß-fm¬ kzm-[o-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p F-∂pw, kw-
\-s∏´ Hcp \n¿h-N\ - w. Ime-L´- Ø - n-\pw tZi-߃°p-
L-߃-°v -ta-ep-≈ hy-‡n-bp-sS \n-b-{¥-Ww F-ß-
a-\p-k-cn®v kaqlw \n-c¥c am‰-߃°v hnt[-b-am-
s\-bm-Imw F-∂p-am-Wv C-hn-sS Nn-¥n-°p-∂Xv. X-s∂-
bns°m-≠n-cn-°pw. kaq-l-Øn-s‚-Xp-t]m-se kwL-
bpa√, kw-L-߃-°v Im-e-{I-a-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂ A-
Øn\pw At\Iw \n¿Δ-N-\-߃ D≠v. "Hcp Dt±-i-
h-ÿm-¥-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p.
Øn-\v -th-≠n-tbm, Bi-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øns‚ t]cntem

Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 35

 kw-Lw {]-mcw`w
k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ s]m-Xp B-h-iy-߃ km-[n-°p-∂-
Xn-\m-bn k-aq-lØ- n¬\n-∂v X-s∂ sX-cs - ™-Sp-°s
´ Nn-ec-Sß
- n-bX
- m-Wv B-ZyIm-e kw-Lß - ƒ F∂mWv
kmaq-ly˛\-c-hw-i im-kv-{X-⁄-¿ s]mXp-sh Aw-Ko-
I-cn-°p∂Xv. Cu kw-LØ - n-s‚ D-Øc - h- m-Zn-Xz-ßf- n¬
Nne-Xv th-´-bm-S¬, a-‰v k-aq-lmw-K-ß-fp-sS kw-c-
£Ww, H-cp -]-cn-[nh-sc k-aq-lmw-K-߃ X-Ωn-ep-≈
{]iv-\ßfpsS ]-cn-lm-cw F∂n-hbm-bn-cn-°pw. kzm-
`m-hn-I-ambpw XmcX-tay\ Iq-Sp-X¬ i-‡n-bp-≈-hcm-
bn-cn-°pw Cu kw-Lmw-K߃. k-aq-l h-f¿-®-bv°-
\p-k-cn-®v kw-L-ßfpw A-Xn-\p-≈n¬ \n-e-\n-∂v h-cn-
Ibpw A-h-bv-°v hy-h-ÿm]n-Xcq-]w ssI-h-cn-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. Hmtcm tKm-{X-hpw tKm-{X-Ø-e-h-∑mscbpw
B-bp-[w ]-cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-h-scbpw ]cn-io-en-°p-∂-
h-scb-pw D-≠m°n. k-aq-lw ]n-∂o-Sv cm-Pm-°-∑m-sc
D-≠m°n. kz-bwkw-c-£-W-Øn-\pw k-aq-l-kw-c-£-
W-Øn-\p-am-bn A-h¿ ]-´m-fsa-∂ {]-tXy-I kw-L-
ß-sf- kr-„n-®p. Xs∂-bp-a-√, Cu cmPm-°∑m¿ s]m-
Xp-k-aql-sØbmsI Hcmfn¬Ø-s∂ tI-{μo-I-cn-°m
\pw Bcw-`n-®p. P-\-߃ sXcs™-Sp-°-p-∂ t\-Xm-
°-∑m-cm¬ {]-Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ s]m-Xpk-aq-l-
am-Wv B-[p\nI Im-esØ P-\m-[n-]X - y-hy-hÿ -
ap≈-Xv. k-aq-l-Øn-\v cm-{„-am-\-߃ ssI-h-∂-t∏mƒ
AXns‚ kw-c-£Wm¿∞w -A-t\-Iw kw-Lß-sf
\n-tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-h∂p. k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ t\-cn-´p-≈ kr-
„n-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠v s]m-Xp- B-h-iy-߃ ]-cn-l-cn-°p-
∂-h-bm-bn-cn-°pw an-°-t∏mgpw Cu kw-L-߃. F-
∂m¬ s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ kr-„n-b√m-sX-bpw kw-
L-߃ D-≠m-bnh-cmw. CØ-cw kw-L-߃-°v k-aq-
l-Øn-s‚ s]m-Xp B-hi - y-ßt- fm-Sv F√m-°m-cy-Ønepw
tbm-Pn-∏p≠mh-Wsa-∂n√. "X-߃ h-ep-sX-∂v I-cp-
36 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
Xp-∂ B-h-iyß-ƒ t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ th≠n D-≠m-
°p-∂-h' F∂-XmWv D-cp-Øn-cn-™p-h-cp-∂ F√m kw-
L-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw s]m-Xp-hm-b- Imcyw. X-ß-
- ∏-
fp-sS B-h-iy-߃ t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn s]m-Xp-
k-aql-sØ X-s∂-bpw _-μn-bm-°mt\m _-en-bm-Sp-
Ifm-°mt\m Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw Nn-e-t∏msg¶nepw a-
Sn°mdpan√.
k-aq-l-Øn-s\-∂-t]m-se kw-L-߃°pw tI-{μo-
Ir-Xk - z-`m-hap-≈X - n-\m¬ km-aq-ly-am-‰w e-£y-an-Sp-∂
kw-L-߃, A-[n-Im-c-e-œn-°v tijw, A-Sn-®-a¿-Ø-
en-t\m D-∑q-e-\Ønt\m {i-an-°pw. F-Xn¿-Øp\n¬-]v
C√m-Xm- I - pwhsc Cu {i-aw Xp-S¿∂psIm≠p-t]m-Imw.
Bh-iy-amb \nb-aßfpsS \n¿am-Ww, A-[n-Im-c-Øn-
en-cn-°p-∂ kw-L-߃-°v hn-j-a-I-c-am-b H-cp -kwK-
Xnbm-hn√. Pq-Xsc \-in-∏n-°m-\p≈ \nb-aw \-S-∏n-
em°p-I am-{X-am-Wt√m ln-‰v-e-dp-sS ]-´m-f-°m¿ sN-
bvX-Xv.
B\-I-fp-sSbpw am-\p-I-fp-sS-bpw Ipc-ßp-I-fp-sS-
bpw -Iq´w F∂-t]mse BZnaIme a\p-jy\pw Hcp
Iq´w F∂ \ne-bn-emWv Db¿∂ph∂n-´p-≠m-hp-I.
Bi-bh - n-\n-abw BwKy-ßf - mepw {]-Xo-Iß- f
- mepw \
S-Øp∂ Cu Iq´w ]n∂oSv Hcp kaq-l-ambn ]cn-h¿
b
- nep Ø-\s - ∏-´p. k¶o¿Æamb _‘-߃ \ne-\n¬°p∂
kaq-lw Hcp s]mXpe£y-Øn-\v th≠n(th´-bmS¬)
kwL-Sn-∏n°p-∂- Iq´m-bva-IfmWv kwL-߃. {]
kvXpX e£yw t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ tijn Ahbv°v D
≠m-bn-cn-°pIbpw sNøpw. kwLsØ Bh-iy-ap-≈-
t∏mƒ am{Xw kwL-Sn-∏n-°m\pw A√m-Ø-t∏mƒ
\n¿Po-hm-h-ÿ-bn¬(dormancy) B°m\pw Ign-bpw.
F∂m¬ kwLsa∂Xv F√m-bvt∏mgpw kaq-l-Øn
s‚ krjvSnbmbn-s°m-≈-W-sa-∂pan-√. \ne-\n¬
°p∂ kmaq-lnImhÿItfmSv Ie-ln-°p∂hcm
 tIc-f-k-aq-lsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw, cm-{„o-b-h¬-°-cn-°∏-´p
F-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ kw-L-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-´p F-∂-Xmhpw Iq-Sp-X¬ icn.
kwL-S-\-bn¬ tN¿∂m¬, hy‡n°v Xs‚ Xm¬]cyw km-[n°pwh-Æw
Im-cyß-sf \n-b-{¥n-°m-≥ H-cp ]-cn-[nh-sc I-gn-bp∂p; kwL-Øn¬
AwK-am-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm≠v C∂bn∂ KpW-ßfps≠∂v
ImWp-∂-tXmsS X\n°v Xm¬]-cyap≈sX√mw kwL-Øm¬
t\-Sn-sb-Sp°mw F∂-XmWv Nn¥. amen\y \n¿am¿P-\w,
]cn-kc kwc-£-Ww, imkv-{Xo-b-amb `qhn`-h-hn\n-tbmKw F∂n-ß-s\-
s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn-\v Zo¿-L-Im-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Kp-WIc-amb Hcp
Im-cy-Ønepw Bcpw kmaq-ly-t_m-[-tØmsS
C-S-s]-SmØ-Xv CXns‚ ^e-am-bm-Wv.
Imw(amthm-bn-Ãv, \Ivk-ep-Iƒ) Ah; As√-¶n¬ X Imcy-߃ Xocp-am-\n-°p--∂Xv hy‡n-tI-{μnX i{XpX-
ß-fpsS aX/cm{„ob B-i-b-Ønte°v kaq-lsØ bn-te°v FØn-t®-cm≥ CS-sbm-cp-°n. cmPysa∂Xv
apgp-h\pw am‰Wsa∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂-h-cpamImw(C…m- Fgp-Xs - ∏´ A\p-im-k\ - ß
- f
- m¬ \bn-°s - ∏-Sp∂, \nb-
anIv tÉv, A¬-IzbvZ); kaq-l-Øn¬ Xncpجi- a-]-c-amb Hcp DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw am{X-ambn. `mj-bp-sS-
‡n-I-fmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cp-amImw. ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cq]wsIm≠ kwÿm-\-߃ IqSp-
X¬ sXfn-a-bm¿∂ kaq-l-ß-fmbn Db¿∂p-h-∂p.
C¥y F∂ kaqlw C∂v cmPyØv kw`-hn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ ]e
kwÿm-\-߃ F∂ D]-k-aq-l-ß-fmbn \ne- Imcy-ß-tfbpw kq£va-ambn \nco-£n-®m¬ kaq-l
\n¬°p∂ s]mXpkaq-lamWv C¥y. a‰v cmPy-ßfp sØ kwL-ambn ]cn-h¿Ø-\s - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X- ns‚ {]Xy-
tSXn¬ \n∂pw Gsd A¿∞ hyXym-kw -C¥y-bpsS £-Ønepw ]tcm-£-Øn-ep-ap≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Im
kwÿm-\-߃°p≠v. F∂m¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ s]m Wm≥ Ignbpw. cmPykaq-lsØ ho≠pw Hcp kwL-
Xp- kz-`m-h-߃ C¥ym cmPyØn\v C√ F∂Xv FSp ambn Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cm≥ IqSp-X¬ sshIm-cn-I-
Øp]d-tb-≠p∂ Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. \nb-a-ß-fpsS \q amb kao-]-\-Øn-eqsS am{Xta Ignbq.- C-hnsS-bmWv
en¬ sImcpØ sshhn-[yam¿∂ apØp-Isf∂v Ct∏m- lnμp-Xzw t]m-ep-≈-h-bpsS IS-∂p-h-c-hv. lnμpXzw
gsØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ C¥ym cmPysØ hnfn-°mw. Iivao¿ apX¬ I\ym-Ip-amcn hsc \ofp∂ cmPy-Øn-
Cw•ojp-ImcpsS `c-WØ - n≥ Iogn-em-bn-cp∂ `q{]- s‚ s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ `mK-am-b-Xn\mepw, kzmX
tZisa∂Xpw, Hcp-an®v kzmX-{¥yw t\Snsb∂Xpw {¥yka-c-Im-esØ Nne t\Xm-°sf¶nepw ssZh-
am‰n\n¿Øn-bm¬ Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏n\v Øns‚ {]Xn-cq-]-ß-fm-bn Icp-X-s∏-´-Xn\mepw As√-
AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amb bm-sXm∂pw Cu cm-Py-Øn-\v ¶n¬ Ah¿°v lnμp-a-X-hp-ambn At`-Zy-_-‘-ap≈
C√ F∂v ImWmw. \ne-hnse kml-Nc - y-Øn¬, cmPy- Xn\mepw, lnμp-XzsØ cmPykvt\l-am°n Ffp-∏-
Ønt\m kaq-l-Ønt\m Hcp s]mXp- i{Xp i‡am Øn¬ am‰n-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw. temIw apgp-h≥ X
bn \ne-\n¬°p-∂n√ F∂XmWv ChnsS FSpØp]d- s∂bpw Xo{h tZio-bXmhmZw ]d-bp∂ C°m-eØv
tb-≠p∂ Hcp Imcyw. kzmX{¥yw t\Spw -hsc Hcp lnμp-XzsØ Xo{h cmPykvt\tlm]-I-c-W-am°n am
s]mXp- i-{Xp-hns‚ km∂n≤yw tZi-Øns‚ ]e- `m- ‰n-sb-Sp-°pI hfsc Ffp-∏-am-bn-cn°pw. Hu’pIy-
KØpw A\p-`-h-s∏´n-cp-∂p. Cu s]mXp i-{Xp-hns\ ap≈ t\Xm-°ƒ°v AXn\v A[nI kabw th≠n
Xpc-Øm≥, kaq-lsØ kwL-am°n ]cnh¿Ø\s∏- hcn-Ibpan√. tImSXn hn[nIfn¬ Xs∂bpw Xo{hcm
SpØn H‰ e£y-Øn-te°v \bn-°m≥ t\Xm-°-ƒ°v Py-kvt\lw \ng-en-°mw(kn-\nam Xnø-‰-dp-I-fnse tZ
Ign-™p. kzmX{¥yeœntbmsS kwL-߃ IqSp- io-b-Km\w DZm-l-cWw). Xm≥ XnI™ cmPy-kvt\-
X¬ hyXn-cn‡-ßf - mb kaq-lß - f - mbn th¿Xncn-™p; ln- X-s∂- F∂v \nc-¥cw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Ah-
As√-¶n¬ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fm-bn ]ncn™p. kaql \n¿ ÿ Hmtcm ]uc\pw h∂p-tN-cmw.
Δ-N-\-Øn\v F√mØ-c-Ønepw tNcpw hn[w kaq-l- cmPysØ samØw Hcp -k-aq-l-ambn I≠m¬ Hcp
ßfmbn \ne-\n¬°m≥ Bcw-`n-®p. As√-¶n¬ AXm- kwL-ambn hf¿Øn-s°m≠phcm-≥ Gsd tijn-bp
bn-cp∂p At∏m-gsØ Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈ anI® icn. ≈ H∂mbn lnμpXzsØ ImWmw. cmPy-sØ 79.80%
t]msI t]mIsh, s]mXp -i{Xp-hns‚ A`mhw kaq- t]cpw hyXykv-Xhn-`m-Kßfn¬-s∏´ lnμp-°-fm-Wv
lsØ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ aSn-b-cpw, Ae-k-∑m-cp-am- (Census Report, 2011). At∏mƒ B aXsØ As√-
°n. C∂pw s]mXp i{Xp D≈-n-S-ß-fn¬ kaqlw IqSp- ¶n¬ hnizmksØ Hcp kwL-ambn ]cn-h¿Ø-\w
X¬ Pm{K-X-bnepw Hcp-a-bnepw BsW-∂Xv {it≤-b- sNbvXv IqSp-X¬ {]h¿Øt\m∑pJ-am-°m\mhpw.
am-Wv(DZm:B≥U-am≥ \nt°m-_m¿ Zzo]p-Iƒ, e£- AØ-c-samcp kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Hcp s]mXp i{Xp-hn
Zzo-]v kaq-l߃:I-S-em-{IaWw, sIm-Sp¶m‰v, `qI-ºw s‚ Bhn¿`mhw a‰v kwL-߃°v Ffp-∏-Øn¬ I
F∂n-h km-[m-c-W-am-b-Xn-\m¬). B[p\nIIm-eØv s≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw; Ah¿ IqS-p-X¬ i‡n-tbmsS
i{Xp-°ƒ hy‡ntI{μn-Xa - m-bn. a’-cm-[njvTn-Xa- mbn HØptNcm≥ _≤-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. adp kwL-
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 37
 Øns‚ Hmtcm \o°-ß-sfbpw Icp-X-temsS ImWm-
\pw `b-tØmsS {]Xn-I-cn-°m\pw Hcp-]t£ IqSp-
X¬ i‡n-tbmsS B{I-an-°m\pw Ah Xøm-dm-tb-
°pw. Cu ÿnXn CtX-co-Xn-bn¬ XpS¿∂m¬ cmPyw
kwLmSn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ Xpcp-Øp-I-fmbn ]cn-W-
an°p-Ibpw, Ipd-™ -i-‡n-bp-≈-h¿ \njv{I-an-°p-
sa∂ Um¿hn≥ kn≤m¥w {]mh¿Øn-I-am-hpIbpw
sNøpw. Im´nse \oXn tNmcsb ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bp-≈-Xm-I-bm¬ Ip-d™ i‡n-bp-≈-h-cpsS
\njv{IaWw Hcn-°epw kam-[m-\-]q¿Æ-am-Im-\n-S-bn-
√. B[p-\nIImesØ am[y-a-߃°v(k-aq-l-am-[y-
a-ß-fpw, kmt¶-XnI hnZy D]-tbm-Kn®v ssIam‰w
sNøp-∂-h-sb-√mw) Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ hfsc
IrXy-amb ]¶v D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.
C¥y≥ kaq-lsØ samØ-Øn¬ Xs∂ "]Sn
™mtdm´v Xncn®ph®n-cn-°p∂ Xe-bp-≈-h¿' F∂v
hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp≠v. Xs∂-bpa√ ]m›mXy Pohn-X-
ssi-en-I-fpw coXn-Ifpw PohnX \ne-hm-c-hpw ]n¥p-
S-cp-∂-Xn¬ Hu’pIyw ImWn-°p-∂h¿ [m-cm-fap≠v
Xm\pw. cmPy-Øn\v s]mXp-hmb Hcp `mj C√m-Øn-
\m¬ Cw-•ojv `mj, tZio-b-`m-j-bmb lnμnsb A
t]-£n®v IqSp-X¬t∏cn-te°v F-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p
As√-¶n¬ "Cw•ojv ]d-bp∂ htc--Wy¿'(English speak-
ing elites) F-∂ a-s‰m-cp kw-L-Øn-s‚X-s∂ D-Z-b-Øn-
\v Im-c-W-am-bn-cn-°p∂p. Xo{h -tZ-iobhmZw ]d-bp∂
a‰v cmPy-ß-fnse Bi-b-߃ CwKv-fo-jv am-[y-a-Øn-
eq-sS \ΩpsS cmPysØ kwL-ßsf Xo°m-‰mbn
kzm-[o-\n-°p-sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-sam∂pw th≠.
hm-Wn-Py kw-L-߃
k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ s]m-Xp-e-£y-ß-sf-bpw Xm¬-]-cy-
38 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
ß-sfbpw H-cp-X-c-Øn-epw Ku-\n-t°-≠ B-h-iy-an√m-
Ø a-s‰m-cp- Iq´cm-Wv hm-Wn-Py kw-L-߃(Business
Groups). s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn\v ]pdØp\n-∂p-≈-hcm
bXn-\m¬ C-h¿°v s]m-Xp-Xm¬-]cyap-≠mI-Wsa-∂v
B-h-iy-s∏-Sm≥ k-aq-l-Øn-\v I-gn-bn√. \n-b-a-ß-fneq
sStbm D-b¿-∂ ^okv Cu-Sm-°ntbm \n-b-{¥n-°m-
sa-∂-X√m-sX Ch-sc s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ e-£y-
ß-fn-te°v F-Øn-°m≥ km-[n-°p-I-bn√. k-aq-l-
Øn-s‚ D-≈n¬-\n-∂p-≠m-Ip-∂ hm-Wn-Py kw-L-߃-
°v kz-¥-sa-∂ hn-Im-cw(ownership) h-en-sbm-cp ]-cn-
[nh-sc D-≠m-Im-\n-S-bp≠v. a-s‰m-c-¿-∞-Øn¬ ]-d-
™m¬, cm-Py-Øn-\IØpw ]pd-Øpap-≈- hm-Wn-Py-
kw-L-ß-ƒ H-tc \n-b-a-ß-fpw A-\p-im-k-\-ßfpw ]m-
en-°m≥ \n¿-_-‘n-X-cm-Wv. B-b-Xn-\m¬ ]-e-t∏m-gpw
\n-e-hm-c-߃-°v H-cp A-¥¿-tZ-io-b(international) ]-
cn-th-jw D-≠m-Ip-sa∂-Xv H-cp h-kv-Xp-X-bmWv. F-
∂m¬, \n-jv-I¿-jn-°p-∂ \n-e-hm-c-ßfn¬(standards)
FØn-t®-cm≥ cm-Py-Øn\IsØ Iq´¿-°v I-gn-bm-sX
t]mIm-\pw km[y-X-bp-ap-≠v.
cm-Py-Øn-s‚ F√m -ta-J-e-I-fnepw A-¥m-cm-{„-
I-º-\n-I-fp-sS I-S-∂p-I-b‰w Ds≠-∂Xv -Chn-sS Nn-
¥n-t°-≠ H-cp h-kvXp-Xbt{X. e£yw h-bv°p-∂
hn-`-h-ß-sf(resources) ]-c-amh-[n Nq-j-Ww sN-øp-
∂hcpw, kz¥w {]-tXy-I e-£y-߃ F-{Xbpw s]-
s´-∂v t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ {i-an-°p-∂h - cpam-bn-cn-°pw Cu
kw-L-߃.
Ip-Sn-sh-≈w ap-X¬ B-tcm-Ky-w h-sc-bp-≈ F√m-
ta-Je- I
- f- n-epw C°q´¿ I-S∂
- p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂X- n-\m¬
s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn-\v C-h-cn¬ \n∂pw F-{X {]-Xo-
£n°mw F-∂-Xm-Wv Nn-¥-\o-bw. A-[n-Im-c-Øn\v -
th-≠n {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ kw-Lß - f - pw, cm-Py-Øn-\v ]pd-
sa \n-∂p≈ hm-Wn-Py kw-L-ßfpw X-Ωn-ep-≠-m°p-
∂ _-‘-߃ C-cp-Iq-´¿°pw Ipd-®v Im-e-tØ-°v Kp-
Ww sN-øp-sa-¶n-epw, C-h-cn¬X-s∂ B-sc-¶nepw ]q¿-
Æm-[n-Im-cw {]m-]n-°p-∂ ]£w a-‰p≈-hsc H-gn-hm-
°m-t\m C√m-Xm°mt\m B-bn-cn°pw {i-an-°p-I.
hy-‡nbpw kw-L-ß-fpw
hy-‡n F√mbv-t]mgpw kw-L-Øn-s‚ {][m-\ e-
£y-am-bn-cn-°pw(primary target). Aka-Xz-߃ s]-cp-
In- hcp-∂ k-aq-l-Øn¬ hy-‡n-°v k-aq-l-ß-fn-te-
°v B-I¿-jn-°-s∏-Sm-sX \n-e-\n-¬°p-I hn-j-a-I-c-
am-Wv. \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂ A-k-a-Xzß-sf A-s√-¶n¬ sh
√p-hn-fnI-sf hy-‡n-°v t_m-[y-am-Ipwh-Æw th¿-Xn-
cn-®v sIm-Sp-°p-∂nS-Øv kw-L-Øn-te-°p-≈ hy-‡n-
bp-sS {]-bm-Ww B-cw-`n-t®°mw. Cu D-Ø-c-hm-ZnXzw
kw-Lw G-s‰-Sp-Øm¬ kw-L-Øn-te-°p-≈ hy-‡n-
bp-sS bm-{X- F-fp-∏-am-Ipw. X-ß-fp-sS B-i-b-Øn-te-
t°m e-£y-Øn-tet°m hy-‡n-sb F-Øn-°m≥ kw-
Lw F-t∏mgpw ITn-\ ]-cn-{i-aw \-SØ - n-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw.
hy-‡n-°v k-aq-l-Øn¬ X-\n-®v \n-e-\n¬-]n√. A-Xn-
\m¬ hy-‡n-°v kw-Lß-sf B-{i-bn-t°-≠ A-h-
ÿ h-cp∂p. C-Xv hy-‡n-bp-sS km-ºØnI t{km-X-
 n- s \tbm A- s √- ¶ n¬ Xm≥ k- a q- l - Ø n- \ p- ] - I -
cn°psa-∂v Abmƒ°v tXm-∂p-∂, Abmƒ C-S-s]-Sp-
∂, a-fi-eß-sftbm kw-L-h¬-°-cn-®p-sIm-≠v sN-
øm≥ F-fp-∏-am-Wv. Xßtfm-Sv B-i-b-]-cam-tbm ssk-
≤m-¥nI-amtbm A-Sp-Øp-\n¬-°p-∂ a-‰v kw-L-ß-fp-
am-bn Iq-Sn-t®-c-ep-Iƒ-°v(Ip-d-®v -Im-e-tØ-s°-¶n-epw
A-s√-¶n¬ H-cp -Xm-¬-°m-en-I- e-£yw t\-Spwh-scsb-
¶n-epw) CØ-cw sN-dp-kw-L-߃ k∂-≤-amtb-°mw.
A-s√-¶n¬ Ah¿°v H-cp h-en-b -kw-L-Øn-s‚ t]m-
j-I kw-L-S\-bm-Imw.
k-aq-lØ- n¬ X-\n-®v \n-e\- n¬-]n√m-ØX - n-\m¬, hy-
‡n-Iƒ G-sX-¶nepw B-cm-[-\m-eb-Øn-tem sse-{_-
dn-bntem G-‰hpw Np-cp-ßnb-Xv ¢∫p-Ifntem F-¶nepw
Aw-KXzap-≈-h-cm-Ipw. F-ßn-s\-bm-bmepw Xm≥ C-S-
s]-Sp-∂ ta-Je-sb kw-L-h¬-°-cn-°m≥ F-fp-∏w I-
gn-bp-∂ Np-‰p-]m-Sn-em-Wv Hm-tcm -hy-‡n-bpw Po-hn-°p-
∂Xv. Aßs\ hy-‡nIƒ kw-L-ß-fm¬ \n-b-{¥n-
°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-bn amdpw.
k-aq-lw B-cw-`n-® -\mƒ -ap-X¬ k-aq-l -\n-b-a-
߃ A-\p-k-cn-°m≥ hy-‡n _m-≤y-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂p.
k-aq-l-Øn¬ -\n∂pw D-S-se-Sp-Ø-hbm-b-Xn-\m¬ \n-
e-\n¬-]n-\m-bn kw-L-߃°pw \n-b-a-߃ Iq-Sn-tb
Xo-cq. Ir-Xy-am-b A-Xn¿-h-c-ºp-Iƒ \n-›-bn-®n-´mIpw
Hm-tcm -kw-Lhpw {]-h¿Ø-\w XpSßp∂-Xv Xs∂!
kw-L-Øn-s‚ B-hn¿-`m-h-Øn-\v Im-c-Wam-b A-s√-
¶n¬ kw-LØ - n-se G-‰hpw I-cp-Ø\ - m-b hy-‡n kw
L-sØ B-cw-`-L-´-Øn¬ \-bn-t®-°mw. Cu hy-‡n-
°v ti-jw kw-L-Xo-cp-am-\a-\p-k-cn-®v as‰mcp t\-Xm-
hn-s\ sX-c-s™-Sp-°m-sa-¶nepw kw-L-Øn-\p-≈n¬
{[p-ho-Ic-Ww \-SØ - n-s°m-≠v sam-Øw kw-Ls - Øbpw
H-cp t\-Xm-hn-te-°v am-{Xw (DZm:ln‰ve¿, apt m-fn\n)
Np-cp-°m\pw I-gn-bpw. CØ-cw kw-L-߃ t\-Xm-hp-
≈ Ime-Øv k-Po-h-am-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-sa-¶nepw A-
h¿-°v ti-jw sas√-sas√ \m-tim-∑p-JamImw.
kwL-ß-fp-sS A-h-ÿm¥-cw
\nc-¥cw N-e-\m-fl-Iam-b k-aq-l-Øn¬ \n-e-sIm-
≈p-∂-Xn\m¬X-s∂ kw-L-Øn\pw kwL-k-¶-ev]-
Øn\pw am-‰-߃ A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv A-s√-¶n¬ A-\p- bn°pI F-∂nh-sb√mam-Wv. A-s√-¶n¬ \-h -am-[y-a-
t]-£-Wo-b-am-Wv. C°meØv -C°m-cy-Øn¬ \-h-am- ߃ \n¿an-°p-∂ I¬]n-X k-aq-l-Øn-s‚(virtual com-
[y-a-߃ h-en-b ]-¶v h-ln-°p∂p≠v. s^bvkv_p- munity) B-i-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-eq-sS \-S-Ø-s∏-Sm-≥, A-
°v, hmSvk-∏v, Szn‰¿(Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter) F∂n- h-bp-≠m-°p-∂ Iq-Sp-X¬ A\p-tbm-Py(most ideal)-sa-
h \¬-Ip-∂ Iev]nX ÿew(hn¿-Nz¬ kv-t]-kv) D-]- ∂v tXm-∂n-°p-∂ tem-Iw kz-]v-\w Im-Wm≥, kaqlw
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠v, H-cp-Ime-Øv Nn-¥n-°m≥ - Xøm-dmtb-°pw. C-Ø-cw kw-L-k-aq-lß-sf B-cw-
t]mepw ]-‰m-Xn-cp-∂ X-c-Øn¬ kw-L-߃ \n-e-hn¬ `-Ime-Øv X-s∂ \n-b-{¥n-°m≥ I-gn-™n-s√-¶n¬ A-
h-∂n-cn-°p∂p. k-aq-l-Øn-s‚-bpw kw-L-Øn-s‚bpw h C∂v \ne-\n¬°p∂ k-aql-sØ sX-fn-°p-∂-h-cm-
s]m-Xphm-b \n¿-Δ-N-\ß-sf D√w-Ln-°p-∂ C-h ko- Ip-sa-∂-Xn¬ kw-i-b-an√.
am-Xo-Xam-b ]p-Xn-b tem-I-ßfpw ]T-\m-h-k-c-ßfpw \ne-hnep≈ k-aq-l-߃-°v t{i-Wo_-≤-X G-‰-
Xp-d-∂p-X-∂n-cn-°p∂p. k-aq-l-Øn-t∑-ep-≈ C-h-bp-sS hpam-hi- y-am-sW-¶nepw I¬]n-X k-aq-lß - ƒ-°v AX-
{]-l-c-ti-jn C-Xp-h-scbpw Xn-´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n√. {X- B-h-iy-am-bn h-cp-∂n√. F-¶n-epw C-h-bv°pw B-
P-\n-®v ]-Øv -h¿-j-Øn-\p-≈n¬X-s∂ ]-e -cm-Py- i-b]c-amb H-cp -{]-`-h-tI-{μw(epicentre) B-hi
- y-am-Wv.
ß-fn-sebpw K-hs◊-‚p-I-sf-t∏mepw a-dn-®n-Sm-\pw, ]- CØ-cw {]-`-h-tI-{μ-߃ GsX∂pw F-hn-sS-sb-
e \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-ßfpw X-߃-°v A\p-Iq-e-am--°m- ∂pw(Ad-_v h-k¥w, sP√n-s°-´v ka-cw F∂n-h k-
\pw ]‰pw-hn[w i-‡-a-m-Im≥ C-h-bv-°v I-gn-™n-´p≠v. ao-]-Im-e D-Zm-l-c-W-߃) C-\nbpw I-s≠-tØ-≠n-
B-[p\nI Im-esØ km-aq-ly-im-kv-{X-⁄-¿-°v ap- bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ne-\n¬°p∂ k-aq-lØ - n¬ \n∂v hyXy-
ºn-ep-≈ G-‰-hpw hen-b sh√p-hn-fn CØ-cw k-aq- kvX-ambn ChnsS `uXnIi-co-cnI-fmb t\-Xm-°-fp-
lßfp-sSbpw -kw-Lßfp-sSbpw km-[y-X-I-fpw Zn- sS B-h-iyan√ F∂mWv C-h Im-Wn-°p∂-Xv. X-s∂-
ibpw {]-l-c-ti-jnbpw a-\- n-em°p-I, Ah-sb A- bp-a√, I¬]n-X k-aq-l-ß-fn-se t\-Xm°fpsS -t\-
f-°m≥ ]p-Xn-b A-fhp-tIm-ep-Iƒ(standards) \n-›- Xr-Kp-W-ß-fn-epw hen-b am-‰-߃ D≠v. D-b-¿-∂ Iw-
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 39
 ]yp-´¿ ]cn⁄m-\-hpw ]pXn-b km-t¶XnI hn-ZyI-ƒ
]Tn-°m-\p-w A-h D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠v A-\p-N-csc
\n-b-{¥n-°m-\p-ap≈ -ti-jnbpw C-h¿-°v Xo-¿®-bm-bpw
D-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.
B-[p\nI Im-e-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fnIƒ t\-cn-Sm≥
]-cym-]v-XamtWm \ne-hnep≈ kw-L-߃- F∂-Xv,
I¬]n- X kw- L - ß - f n- t e- ° p- ≈ (virtual community)
Ahbp-sS am-‰-Øn-s‚ th-KX-sb B-{i-bn-®n-cn-°pw.
{]m-bØn¬ ap-Xn¿-∂-hc√ kw-L-Øn-se ssk-≤m-
¥nIm-Nm-cy-∑msc¶n¬ C-h c-≠pw X-Ωn-ep-≈ Zq-cw
hf-sc h-ep-Xm-bn-cn°n√Xs∂. Hmtcm kw-L-hpw
Xßfp-sS B-i-b-ß-fpw {]-h¿-Ø-\-ssi-enbpw A-
Xm-Xv Im-eØ - n-\\- p-kc- n-®v {I-as
- ∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw th-Ww.
C-s√-¶n¬ Um¿-hn≥ ]d-™-t]m-se i-‡n- Ip-d-™-
h¿ \n-jv-Imkn-X-cmhpI X-s∂ sN-øpw. B-[p-\nIIm-
esØ k-aq-l-Øn¬ hy-‡n-tI-{μn-X B-h-iy-ßfpw
sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw Iq-Sp-X-em-b-Xn-\m¬, kw-Lmw-K-ß-
fp-sS {]-iv-\-߃-°v H-cp -s]m-Xp-kz-`m-hw sIm-Sp-°p-
∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hy-h-ÿm]n-X kw-L-߃- hn-j-a-X-
Iƒ t\-cn-Sp-∂p≠v. A-kw-L-Sn-X ta-J-e-Ifn¬ sXm-
gn-seSp-°p-∂ B-fp-I-sf- H-cp- Ip-S-°o-gn¬ sIm-≠p-h-
cn-I F∂-Xv D-Zm-l-c-Ww. Cu km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ kw-
Lmw-K-ß-fp-sS {]-iv-\-߃-°v H-cp tZ-io-b˛kw-ÿm-
\ ap-Jw sIm-Sp°p-Isb∂-Xv ]-e-t∏mgpw A-km-≤y-
am-bn-cn-°pw. A-Xp-sIm-≠pX-s∂ H-‰-Xn-cn-™p-≈ C-
S-s]-S-ep-Iƒ-°m-bn-cn-°pw kw-L-Øn-\v Xm¬-]-cyw.
X-߃ C-S-]-g-Ip-∂ k-aql-sØ Im-em-¥-c-Øn¬
G- I oIr- X kz- ` m- h nIfm- ° n- Ø o¿- ° m≥ (homogeni
zation) kw-L߃ {i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. A-Xn-\m¬
]-c-kv-]-c-]q-c-I-ß-fm-bn(complementary) {]-h¿-Øn-°m-
\p-≈ C-S߃ I-s≠tØ-≠ km-l-Ncyw Hm-tcm kw-
L-Øn\pap-≠v. C-Xp-sIm-≠pX-s∂ Ah ]-c-kv-]-c hn-
cp-≤-ß-fm-bn(contradictory) {]-h¿-Øn-°m\pw an°-
t∏mgpw km-l-Ncyap-≠m-Ip∂p. Hm-tcm- kw-L-hpw A-
h-bp-sS k-aq-l-kw-L-h¬-°-c-W-Øn-s‚ aq¿-≤-\ym-h-
ÿ-bn¬ A-k-ln-jv-Wp-°-fm-tb-°mw.
F-∂n-cp-∂m-epw, tPmk-^v jpw-]o‰¿(Joseph Alois
Schumpeter:1883-˛1950) A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-t]m-se k¿-§m-
fl-I \-io-I-c-WØn\v(creative destruction) G-‰hp
a[nIw hn-t[-b-am-hp-I CØ-cw I¬]n-X k-aq-l-ß-
fm-bn-cn-°pw. Im-cWw, Iq-Sp-X¬ sa-®-s∏-´ km-t¶Xn-
Ihn-Zy-Iƒ h-cp-tºmƒ \n-e-hn-ep-≈ km-t¶Xn-Ihn-Zy-
I-fpw A-hbm¬ \n¿-an°s∏´ I¬]n-X k-aq-l-ßfpw
C√m-Xm--Imt\m \n¿-Po-hm-h-ÿ(dormancy)bn-emIm
t\m km-≤y-X-bp≠v. A-ß-s\ h-cp-tºm-ƒ I¬]n-X
k-aq-l-߃-°v km-t¶XnIhn-Zy-Iƒ F-t∏m-gpw \-ho-
I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-t∂(update) a-Xn-bmIq. A-s√-¶n¬
kw- L mw- K ß- s f \n- c - ¥ - c w t_m- [ - h ¬- ° - c n- ® pw
t_m[yw h-cp-Ønbpw kwL-sØ k-Po-h-am-bn \n-e-
\n¿-tØ-≠ km-l-N-cyw kwPm-X-amIpw. F-∂n-cp-∂m-
epw, Xo-{ham-b H-cp A-Sn-b-¥n-c km-l-Ncyw C√m-
sX h-cp-tºm-tgm, A-s√-¶n¬ s]m-Xp-i-{Xp C√m-sX
h-cp-tºmtgm I¬]n-X kw-L-ß-fpw \n¿-Po-hm-h-ÿ-
bn-te-°v t]m-tb-°mw. F-¶nepw Xo-{hamb Bi-b
{]-N-c-W-Øn-eq-sS s]m-Xp-k-aql-sØ {[p-ho-I-cn-°m
\pw X-ß-sfØ-s∂ k-Po-hm-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n-e-\n-¿-Øm
\pw Ahbv°v I-gn-bpw. Cu km-lN - c
- y-Øn¬ hcpwIm-
e km- a q- l yim- k v - { X- ⁄ - ¿ tkm- t jym- { Im- ‰ p- I ƒ
(sociocrates) B-bn-cn-°pw. Imc-Ww C-h¿-°v H-cp-hi
Øv Iw-]yq-´-dn-s\-°p-dn-®pw k-aq-l -s\-‰vh¿-°p-I-sf-
°p-dn®pw \√- t_m[yw D≠mbn-cn-°Ww; a-dp-hi-Øv
km-aq-ly-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ A-Snÿm-\X-Xz-߃ A-dn-
™n-cn-°p-Ibpw th-Ww. hnZym`ym-k k-{º-Zm-bß
fn¬ C-hsb°qSn Dƒ-t®¿-ØpsIm-≠v ]mTy-co-XnI-
sf {I-ao-I-cn-t°-≠Xmbpw h-t∂-°mw.
kwL-h¬-°-c-W-hpw tI-c-fhpw
samØw kaq-l-Øn\pw KpWw hcp∂ ]e- Im-cy-
ß-fnepw k{In-b-ambn CS-s]-Sm≥ ae-bm-f-°-c-bnse
kwL-߃°v F°m-eØpw km[n-®n-´p-≠v. {io\m-
cm-b-W-Kp-cp X-s‚ A-\p-bm-bnI-sf DZv-t_m-[n-∏n®-
Xv hnZy -sIm-≠v kz-X-{¥-cm-Im\pw kw-L-Sn-®v i-‡-
cm-Im-\p-amWv2. Kpcphn\v ]pdsa, N´ºnkzman-Iƒ,
Aø-¶mfn F∂n-h-cn-eqsS Bcw-`n® kwL-cq-]-ßfpw
tIc-f-Øn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Ah-bpsS {]h¿Ø-
\-^-e-ambn a‰n-S-ßsf At]-£n®v kmaq-ln-I-ambn
Gsd apt∂-dm\pw cmjv{So-b-{]_p-≤X ssIh-cn-
°m\pw tIcf kaq-l-Øn\v Ign-™n-´p-≠v. hn`-h-
߃°mbn(Resources) A\y cmPy-ßsf B{i-bn-
°m≥ cmPysØ G‰hpw Db¿∂ hnZym-`ymk \ne-
hmcw tIc-fsØ ]Tn-∏n-®p. Aßs\ -kºmZn® hn`-
h-߃ hy‡n-IfpsS `uXnI kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬

C∂v cmPyØv kw`-hn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ ]e Imcy-ß-tfbpw

kq£va-ambn \nco-£n-®m¬ kaq-lsØ kwL-ambn ]cn-h¿Ø-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂-Xns‚ {]Xy-£-Ønepw ]tcm-£-Øn-ep-ap≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ ImWm≥
Ignbpw. cmPykaq-lsØ ho≠pw Hcp kwL-ambn
Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cm≥ IqSp-X¬ sshIm-cn-I-amb kao-]-\-Øn-eqsS
am{Xta Ignbq.- C-hnsS-bmWv lnμp-Xzw t]m-ep-≈-h-bpsS IS-∂p-h-c-hv.
lnμpXzw Iivao¿ apX¬ I\ym-Ip-amcn hsc \ofp∂ cmPy-Øn-s‚
s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ `mK-am-b-Xn\mepw, kzmX{¥yka-c-Im-esØ Nne
t\Xm-°sf¶nepw ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-cq-]-ß-fm-bn Icp-X-s∏-´-Xn\mepw
As√-¶n¬ Ah¿°v lnμp-a-X-hp-ambn At`-Zy-_-‘-ap≈Xn\mepw,
lnμp-XzsØ cmPykvt\l-am°n Ffp-∏-Øn¬ am‰n-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw.
40 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
hfsc s]´-∂p≈ IpXn®pIb‰ap≠m-°n. s]mXp
PohnX \ne-hm-cØnepw Bbp¿ssZ¿Ly-Ønepw
BtcmKykqNn-I-I-fn-ep-sa√map≈ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS
ASn-ÿm\ ImcWw hnZym-`ymkam-sW-∂p≈ Xncn-
®-dn-hv Adnhv t\Sm≥ F√m-h-scbpw D’pI-cm-°n.
F∂n-cp-∂mepw Hcp s]mXp-ka - q-ls - a-∂ \ne-bn¬
tIc-f-Øns‚ \ne-hmcw FhnsS \n¬°p-∂psh∂Xv
Nn-¥-\o-b-amWv. ta¬ kqNn-∏n® s]mXp-i-{Xp-hns‚
A`mhw tIc-fsØ a’cm[njvTnX hy‡ntI{μnX
i{Xp-Xb - n-te-s°-Øn-®p. Chn-sS-bmWv kwL-߃°v
as‰mcp am\w ssIh-cp-∂X - v. tIc-fk - a- q-lsØ kw_-
‘n-®n-S-tØmfw, cm-{„o-b-h¬-°-cn-°∏-´p F-∂-Xn-s\-
°mƒ kw-L-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-´p F-∂-Xmhpw Iq-Sp-X¬
icn. kwL-S-\-bn¬ tN¿∂m¬, hy‡n°v Xs‚
Xm¬]cyw km-[n°pwh-Æw Im-cyß-sf \n-b-{¥n-°m-
≥ H-cp ]-cn-[nh-sc I-gn-bp∂p; kwL-Øn¬ AwK-am-
Ip-∂-Xp-sIm≠v C∂bn∂ KpW-ßfps≠∂v ImWp-
∂- t XmsS X\n°v Xm¬]- c yap≈sX√mw kwL-
Øm¬ t\-Sn-sb-Sp°mw F∂-XmWv Nn¥. amen\y
\n¿am¿P-\w, ]cn-kc kwc-£-Ww, imkv-{Xo-b-amb
`qhn`-h-hn\n-tbmKw F∂n-ß-s\- s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn-
\v Zo¿-L-Im-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Kp-WIc-amb Hcp Im-
cy-Ønepw Bcpw kmaq-ly-t_m-[-tØmsS C-S-s]-
SmØ-Xv CXns‚ ^e-am-bm-Wv.
B[p-\nIIme th´-\m-bv°-fpsS cq]w Hmtcm
kwL-hpw CØ-c-Øn¬ D≈n¬ kq£n-°p-∂p. kw
L-Øn-\v -th≠n kwc-£W t]mcm-fn-Ifpw kwLm-
`n-am-\-Øn\v th≠n sIme-]m-X-I-ßfpw D≠m-Ip-∂p.
kwLsa∂Xv ASn-s®m-Xp-°m-\p≈ Hcp am¿§-ambpw
am‰-s∏-Sp-∂p.- Hmtcm kw-L-Øns‚bpw \ne-\n¬]v sbm-∂n\v thtcm´ap≠m-ImØXv, hy‡n-tI-{μnX
Hmtcmtcm {]tXyI Xm¬]-cy-ßf - n¬ Du∂ns°m≠m kwL-h¬°-cWw Imcy-£a - a- mbn \S-∂n-´p-≈X - p-sIm-
b-Xn-\m¬ a‰v kwL-ßsf i{Xp-Xtbm-sS-/-AI¬®- ≠pw kPo-h-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ \¬-Ip-∂ kp-c-£n-Xm-h-
tbm-sS- ImWm-\m-hpw t{]cW. Bb-Xn-\m¬ {]Xy- ÿ t`-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂Xp-sIm-≠pw Bbn-cn°mw. Cu
£-Øn¬ Xs∂ AIew ]men-°p-∂-Xn-\v th≠n ]›m- Ø - e - Ø ne- m Wv U¬ln- b nse Bw BZv a n
Hmtcm kw-Lhpw Nn”-ß-fpw \nd-ßfpw Is≠Øp- ]m¿´n-bpsS hnP-bsØ ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠X - v. samØw
∂p. P\-kw-Jy-bpsS \s√mcp iX-am-\hpw A\y-kw-ÿm-
hy‡ntI{μnX-ambn°-gn™ tIc-f-k-aq-l-Øn¬ \-ß-fn¬ \n∂v h∂ Xm¬°m-en-I- Xma-k°mcpw
kmaq-ly{]iv\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-cWw kwLßfp Db¿ ∂ hnZym`ymk tbmKyXbp≈-h-cpam-b-Xn-\m¬
sS am{Xw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzambn- am-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. As√- ]pXn b Bi-b-ß-sfbpw Bfp-I-sfbpw Ffp-∏-
¶n¬ {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn kwL-Øns‚ A\p-hm-Z- Øn¬ Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-™XmWv CXn\v Imc-
Øn\v ImØv \n¬t°≠ Ah-ÿ hy‡n°v D-≠m W-sa∂v \nco-£n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v(Mukerji 2011)3.
bn-cn°p-∂p. \h-am-[y-a-߃ {]Xn-I-cn-°m-\p≈ CSw X-s∂-bp-a√, ]p-Xp-kw-L-ß-ƒ°v s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-
Icp-Xn hbv°p-∂-XpsIm≠v Ah-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ {]Xn- Øn-t∑-ep-w A-[n-Im-c-tI-{μ-ß-fnepap≈ \n-b-{¥-Ww
I-c-W-߃ IqSp-X¬ Icp-Øm¿Pn-°p-∂p-≠v. F∂n- Ip-d®
- p-Im-et- Ø-s°-¶nepw ]-cn-an-Xa - m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂X - n-
cp-∂mepw Ahbvs°m∂pw Xs∂ Hcp- GIcq]w \m¬ F-hn-sS-bpsa-∂Xp-t]m-se ]p-Xp-ka - q-lßfn-te-
{]m]n®v Hcp s]mXp -i{Xphn-s\-Xnsc t]mcm-Sm≥ °v hy-‡n-Iƒ B-I¿-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√. F-¶n-epw, d-
CXp-hsc Ign-™n-´n-√. Xs∂-bp-a√ kq£n®v \nco- kn-U‚ vk - v A-tkm-kn-tb-j\ - p-If- pw ¢∫p-If - psa√mw
£n-®m¬ Ch-bvs°√mw Hcp kwL-Øns‚ \nd-tam, tI-c-f-Øn¬ k-Po-h-am-Wv. C-h-bn¬ Nn-e-Xn-s‚-sb-
tNcph-Itfm Ct√ F∂v tXm∂n-t∏m-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. ¶nepw {]-h-¿Ø-\ co-Xn-Iƒ ]m-›m-Xy-k-aq-l-ß-fp-
tIc- f - Ø nse cm- { „o- b cw- K Øv ]pXn- s bmcp sS C-¥y≥ ]-Xn-s∏∂ t]m-se-tbm A-s√-¶n¬ Im¿
kwLw F¥p-sIm≠v DZbw sNbvXp-Iq-sS-∂ tNmZyw _¨- tIm∏n- t]m-se-tbm B-sW-∂v Im-Wmw. C-
Cu A-h-k-c-Øn¬ DZn-°p-∂p. ]pXp-kw-L-Øn-s‚ Xn¬ Nn-eXnse Aw-KXzw H-cp A`n-am\ Nn”-w ˛kv-
Bi-bw ssk-≤m-¥nI-ambn F{X-ta¬ Hu∂-Xy-ap- ‰m‰-kv knw-_¬(status symbol)˛ B-bn I-cp-Xp-∂-hcpw
≈-Xm-bmepw Ah-bpsS {]Nm-c-I¿ F{X-Xs∂ Db¿ D-≠v. B-[p-\nI-Im-esØ h - t- c-Wy-h¿-§w X-ßf - m-sW-
∂ Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m-cm-bmepw tIc-f-Øn¬ Aß-s\- ∂ -a-´n¬ s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn¬ C-S-s]-Sm-\m-Wv C-°p-

Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 41


´-¿-°v Xm¬-]-cyw. hy-‡n-I-ƒ-°v HØp-tNcm\pw A-
dnhpI-fp-w Bi-bßfp-w ]-¶nSm\pw hn-t\m-Zw XpS-
ßnb ]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°pw D]-Ic - n-°p-∂ s]m-Xp-th-Znbp
≠m-°m≥ kw-L-߃-°v I-gn-bp-∂p≠v. X-s∂-bpa√,
]v-fm-Ãn-Iv am-en-\y \n¿-am¿-P\w, hr-£-ssØ-Iƒ \-
So¬, Po-h-Im-cpWy {]h¿Ø-\-߃ F-∂nß-s\ Nn-
e s]m-Xp-{]-h¿-Ø-\߃ X-ß-fp-sS Np-‰p-h´-Øn¬
\S-Øm\pw kw-Lmw-K-߃ {i-an-t®-°pw. F-¶nepw
X-ß-fp-sS Np-‰p-h-´-sØ-bpw A-Xn¿-Øn-I-sf-bpw Ip-
42 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
dn-®v AXn-t_m-[w ]pe¿ØpIbpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂-h-cm-bn-cn°pw an-°-h-cpw. X∑qew B-[p-\n-
IIm-e h-tc-Wy-h¿-§w F-∂ an-Yym-[m-c-W-bp-sS X-S-
h-d-bn¬-\n-∂pw Hmtcm kw-Lhpw ]p-d-ØpIS-t∂ a-
Xn-bm-Iq. H-cp tI-{μoIr-X kz-`m-hap-≈-Xn-\m¬ Chbv
°pw Iq-Sp-X¬ hn-]p-ehpw hn-im-eh - pam-b A¿-∞Ø - n¬
s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-sØ \n-b-{¥n-°m\pw {Ita-W A-[nIm-
c tI-{μ-ß-fn¬ F-Øn-t®-cm\pw I-gn-t™-°mw.
a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS B-cw-`Øn¬ sNdpkaq-la - m-bpw
th´-bm-S¬ kwL-ambpw Ign™n-cp∂ a\p-jy≥
B[p-\nI ImeØpw kwLØns‚ km[y-X-Isf D]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. A-s√-¶n¬ kw-L-Sn-®p-sIm-≠v am-
{X-ta hy-‡n-°v k-aq-l-Øn¬ \n-e-\n¬-]p-≈q F-∂
A-hÿ - h
- ∂
- n-cn-°p∂p. Iq-Sn-b Xm¬-]c - y-ßfpw e-£y-
ßfpap-≈- hy-‡n-I-fpw C-Ø-cw -hy-‡nI-sf Dƒ-s°m-
≈p-∂ kw-L-ßfpw Hm-tcm- Zn-h-khpw D-≠m-bn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p∂p. th-´b - m-S¬ hmk\ F-°m-eØpw D-≈n¬
kq-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ B-[p-\nI-Im-e k-aq-l-Øn¬
th´-bm-Sp-∂-Xpw th´-bm-S-s∏-Sp∂Xpw a\p-jy¿ Xs∂!
A-he
- w-_w:
1. k-Xo-jv tZ-iv]
- m-sfi(2014): ka-Imen-I C-¥y, \yp
C¥ym ]-_v-fn-t°j≥, U¬ln. t]-Pv 125˛127
2. kptc-{μ≥ No-°√q¿(2015) \-thm∞m-\ tI-cfw.
am-Xr-`q-an _p-Ivkv, H∂mw F-Unj≥, t]-Pv 57˛68
3. Anahita Mukerji (2011). Flow of migrants highest to Delhi
not to Maharashtra. Timesof India dated 6th Dec 2011.
Online.
4. www.census2011.co.in/religion php
5. Drop in article: Census of India
 sNdp-h-b¬ cma≥
h b-bp-\ImSv, "Ipw`Øn¬
ag-\m-S-t√? Rß-sS Im¿-tWm-Ωm-cv -]-d-
ag-s]-bvXm¬ Ip∏-bnepw
tNmdv, aI-c-Øn¬ ag-s]-bvXm¬ a°ƒ°pw tNmdn√'
F∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv a-g-bp-sS \m-´n-em-sW-¶nepw,
agsb B{i-bn-®mWv tNmdv F∂v \-Ωp-sS Im¿tWm-
Ωm¿°v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p; a-g-bp-tSbpw {]-Ir-Xn-bp-
tSbpw Xm-fhpw io-e-hp-w \-∂m-bn Adn-bm-am-bn-cp∂p.
A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv A-h¿ Ir-jnbpw Po-hn-X-hp-sam-
s° Nn-´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv. C∂v hb-\m-´n¬ ag- s]-
øm-Ø-sX¥m-sW∂v tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-
csØ imkv{X-⁄tcm-Sm-Wt√m.
hb-\m-Sn-\v {][m-\-ambpw Bdv -Xcw ag--I-fp-≠v.
AXm-bXv Bdv kz`m-h-ßfp≈ ag-Iƒ. \mev -Xcw
Im‰p- I - f p- a p- ≠ v . Ch- b - \ p- k - c n- ® mWv hb- \ m- ´ nse
sh≈hpw Irjn-bp-sa√mancn-°p-∂-Xv.
hr›n-I-am-k-Øn¬ Ing-°v -\n∂pw XWp-Ø- hr-
›nI Im‰-Sn-°pw. N°, amß Hs° hncn-bp-∂Xv B
k-a-b-Øm-Wv. [\p˛aI-cw- am-k-ß-fn¬ hS-°v -\n∂pw
Im‰-Sn-°pw. ico-c-amsI hn≠p-Io-dp-∂Xv B k-a-b-
Øm-Wv. hr›n-I-Øn¬ ac-ß-sfms° Ce- sIm-gn-
°pw. aI-cw-˛-Ipw`w amk-ß-fn¬ sX°v \n∂pw NqSp-
Im-‰-Sn-°pw Npg-en-°m-‰m-bn-´mWv Cu Im‰v hcp-∂-Xv.
Ipw`w-˛-ao\w amk-ß-fnepw sX°v -\n∂v ho≠pw NqSp-
Im-‰-Sn-°pw. Cu Im‰mWv taS-am-k-am-Ip-tºm-tg°pw
th\¬ag s]øn-°p-∂-Xv. henb CSnbpw an∂-ep-sam-
s°-bmbn hcp∂ Cu agsb \Ωƒ ]pXp-ag F∂v
hnfn-°pw. ]pXp-a-g -s]-bvXm¬ DWßn InS-°p∂
asÆms° \\-bpw. At∏mƒ sas√ Inf®v tN\,
tNºv, Im®n¬ Hs° \Smw. Ce- sIm-gn™ ac-ß-
sfms° At∏m-tg°pw Xfn¿Øn-´p-≠m-hpw. Icn-bn-
e-sbms° ]pXp-a-g-sh-≈-Øn¬ A-a¿∂v `qan-tbmSv
tN¿∂p InS-°pw. ]p√p-Iƒ apf-bv°pw.
BZ-y-ambn s]øp-∂ -ag sIm≈-cp-sX-∂mWv ]g-a-
°m¿ ]d-bm-dv. F¥p-sIm-≠m-sW-∂-dn-bn-√. Akp-
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 43
 sNdp-h-b¬ cma≥
hb\mSv am\¥hmSn IΩ\bnse BZnhmkn I¿jI\mWv Xe°c sNdnb cma≥ F∂ sNdphb¬
cma≥. 1952˛emWv P\-\w. s\√n\ßfpsS Hcp Po≥ _m¶¿ At±lw F∂v At±-lsØ hnti-jn-∏n-
°mw. 45 s\√n\-߃ IrjnsNbvXv kwc£n°p∂ At±-l-Øn\v s\√Nv-O≥ F∂ hnfn-t∏cpw D≠v.
s\¬ hnØpIƒ IqSmsX ]cºcmKX ]®°dn C\ßfpw Huj[ kkyßfpw hnhn[ hr£ßfpw
Ct±lw Xs‚ tXm´Øn¬ kwc£n®phcp∂p. 2011˛¬ sslZcm_mZn¬ \S∂ ssPhsshhn[y
kwc£WØn\mbp≈ cmPym¥c ktΩf\Øn¬ tIcfØnse I¿jIsc {]Xn\n[oIcn®Xv cma\mWv.
I¿j-I-s\-∂-Xn\v ]pdsa anI® ]cnÿnXn {]h¿ØI≥ IqSnbmWv cma≥. kkyP\p pIfpsSbpw
I¿jIcpsS AhImißfptSbpw kwc£W AtXmdn‰n G¿s∏SpØnb 2016˛se P\nXI kwc£W
]pckv-Imcw, 2016˛se tZiob πm‚ v Pot\mw tkhnb¿ Ahm¿Uv XpSßn \nc-h[n _lp-a-Xn-Iƒ
At±-lsØ tXSn-sb-Øn. hb-\mSv Fw.-F-kv.-kzm-an-\m-Y≥ ^ut≠-j-\nse imkv{X⁄ -Sn.-B¿.kpa
At±-l-hp-ambn kwkm-cn®v tIs´-gp-Xn-b-XmWv Cu teJ-\w

J-߃ hcm≥ km[-y-X-bp-≠t{X. ]s£ Hcp Imcyw
Dd-∏m-Wv. ]pXp-a-g-bsØ sh≈w hrØn-bp≈ Hcp
]m{X-Øn¬ tiJ-cn®v t\m°n-bm¬ AXn-\-v \nd-h-y-
X-ymkw D≠m-hpw. A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Xßn-\n∂ Agp-
°p-I-sfms° AXn-ep-≠m-hpw;AXp-X-s∂-bmWv Imc-
Ww. `qan DW-ßn-In-S-°p∂ kabw ag- s]-øp-tºmƒ
aÆn¬ \n∂pw Hcp Du¿Pw D≠m-Ipw At∏m-gmWv
\Ωƒ s]mSn-hn-X, ]mfn® F∂nh hnX-bv°p-∂-Xv.
]s∂ hnjp-hn\v taS-ag hcpw.
CSh-am-k-∏m-Xn-bn¬ CS-h-∏m-Xn-ag h-cpw. CS-h-
∏m-Xn°v ho≠pw `qan XWp-°pw. sNdnb sh≈w
Ib-dpw. a’yw Ib-dp-∂Xv CS-h-∏m-Xn-°m-Wv(sX-fn-
™ -sh-≈-Øn-te a-’yw I-b-dp-I-bp-≈q. C-t∏mg-
sØ t∏mse aÆpw N-fnbpw I-e-ßn-h-cp-∂ sh-≈-
Øn¬ a-’yw I-b-dn√). At∏m-tg°pw asÆms°
GXm≠v sh≈w IpSn-®n-´p-≠m-hpw. ]ns∂ Hcp tXm¿
®-bp-≠m-hpw. At∏m-gmWv \Ωƒ I≠-ß-sfms°
Nfn-bm°n, Nfn-bn¬ hnX-bv°p∂ hnsØms° CSp-
I. ]ns∂ anYp-\-Øn¬ ag-h-cpw. CSn-bpwsh´n \√
aqSn-s°-´nb ag-bm-bn-cn-°pw. Xncp-hm-Xn-c- Rm-‰p-th-
e-bm-W-Xv. F√m- tXm-Sp-I-fnepw ]pg-I-fnepw sh≈w
s]mßpw. At∏m-gmWv hb-\m-´n¬ \ocp-hd - I
- ƒ D≠m-

44 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017

Ip-∂-Xv. ImSp-I-fn¬ ASn-™p-In-S-°p∂ Icn-bne
sh≈sØ Xmtgbv°v Cd-°p-∂p. \√ Im‰m-bn-cn-°pw.
h≥a-c-߃ Im‰n¬ BSn-bp-ebpw. Ah-bpsS Bg-
Øn-en-d-ßnb thcp-Ifpw BSn-bp-e-bpw. Cßns\
aÆn-ep-≠m-hp∂ hnS-hn-eqsS [mcmfw sh≈w Xmtgm
´v Cd-ßpw. `qan-bn¬ FhnsS Aa¿Øn Nhn-´n-bmepw
sh≈-ap-≠m-hpw. am{X-a√ - , ]pg-bnepw hb-enepsams°
sh≈w Ib-dpw. Ip∂p-Iƒ°v Xmsg `qan-bnse Pe-
hn-Xm\w F√m-bn-SØpw Hcp-t]mse Db-cpw. F√m
InW-dp-I-fnepw tIWn-I-fnepw Ipf-ß-fnepw sh≈w
\nd-bpw. sIm√n-h-b¬aqe-I-fn¬ \n∂pw s]m´n-sbm-
gp-Ip∂ \ocp-d-h-Iƒ At∏mƒ ]Øv F®v.-]n. ]ºv
sk‰v h®-Xv t]m-se-bmbn-cn°pw. Cu \oscm-gp°v
hr›nIw˛Ipw`w hscbp≠mhpw. sas√ sh≈w Ipd-
™p-h-cp-tºm-tg°pw ]pXp-ag FØn Ahsb H∂p-
IqSn i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øpw. sh≈-an-√mØ Hc-hÿ hb-
\m-Sn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
Cu coXn-s°ms° GXm≠v 1965 apX¬ sNdnb
am‰-߃ h∂p-Xp-S-ßn. Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb Irjn-co-
Xn-Ifpw ]pØ≥ hnØpw Pohn-Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw
h∂p. ImSvt]m-bn, acw t]mbn, N∏v t]m-bn, Icn-bn-
e -t]mbn, F√mw t]mbn. sh≈hpw t]mbn.
1960˛\v tijw `qan CSn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. aÆv Bh-
i-y-an-√msX Cf-°m≥ XpS-ßn. aÆpw ssPhmw-i-
ßfpw Hgp-In-t∏m-bn. ]s≠ms° ]pg-bn¬ \n∂pw
hfsc hn´n-´mWv Xma-khpw Irjnbpsa√mw. Ip∂pΩ
seIrjnbpsS Imcy-Øn¬ -Xs∂, Hcp h¿jw ImSv -
sh´n Xn\, apØm-dn, F≈v Hs° hnX®p≠m°n-bm¬
]ns∂ H-cp ]Øv˛]-Xn\-©v h¿-j-sa-¶nepw Ign-
™nt´ Ahn- t Sbv ° v Irjn- ° mbn hcq. "ImSv
aq°Ww' F∂mWv Im¿tWm-Ωmcv ]d-bm-dv. sh´nb
ImsSms° hf¿∂v, XSn-sbms° aqØv, asÆms°
]pXp -Po-h≥ h∂- ti-jta ho≠pw Irjn-bn-d-°q.
]pg-tbm-c-sØms° ac-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hº≥ a-c-
߃. tImfn, AØn, Icn-s°m-´, Btem-acw F∂n-
ßs\ F{X-sb{X ac-߃. ]pg-bnse a’-y-߃°v F{X sh≈w ]nSn°pw F∂-dn-bm-tam? ]ns∂ hb-
Xn∂m≥ [mcmfw ]g-߃ e`n-®p. ]pg-tbm-csØ a-c- ense R≠v : Ip≠≥ R≠v, sh≈- R-≠v, Icn- R-
ßfpw Cu‰-bp-sams° ]pg-sh≈w h‰msX ImØp. ≠v.. .Hcp R≠ns‚ amf-Øn¬ 10 en‰¿ sh≈-sa-
tXmSp-Iƒ°v -Np‰pw ssIX-bp-≠m-hpw, NXp-∏p-I-fn ¶nepw sIm≈pw. AØ-cØ - n¬ F{X R≠p-am-fß - ƒ!
epw. Ah tXm´nse sh≈sØ ]nSn®p \n¿Øn. C∂v Ah F{X sh≈w ]nSn-®p- h-®n-´p-≠m-hpw! AsXms°
]pg-bnepw tXm´nepw \Ωƒ Irjn-bn-d-°p-∂p; hoSp- ag- s]bvX sh≈-am-Wv. ]ns∂ hb-en¬ henb Xh-
]-Wn-bp-∂p. f-Iƒ, aÆn¬ aÆn-c-Iƒ, A´-Iƒ... . Ch-scms°
Ip∂p-Ωepw hb-en-ep-ambn I∂p-Im-en-Iƒ Xn ag -s]-bvXm¬ tate hcpw. ag Ign-™mtem Fhn-
∂p∂ 27 Xcw ]p√p-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-sbms° sStbm t]mIp-w. CsXms° {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Hcp {Sn°m-

ag -Ip-d-™t∏mgpw IpSn-°m≥ sh≈-an-√m-Xmb-Xmtbm, hnØn-Sm≥

I≠-Øn¬ sh≈-an-√mXmbXmtbm ]g-a-°m¿ ]d-™p-tI-´n-´n-√. Ipd™
ag-bp≈ ImeØpw `qan-bn¬ sh≈-ap-≠m-hpw. ac-ßfpw ]p√p-Ifpw
ssIX-I-fp-sams° sh≈w ]nSn®phbv°p-a-t√m? tIWn-I-fn-epw,
Xe-°p-f-ß-fnepw sh≈-ap-≠m-hpw. tXmSp-I-fnepw ]pg-I-fnepw
\oscm-gp°p-≠m-Ipw. ]ns∂ Ipd®v ag -s]-bvXm¬ Xs∂ Dd-h-Iƒ
]Xnsb D≠m-hpw. Ct∏m Aßns\b√, `qan -h-√msX amdn-t∏m-bn-t√?.
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 45

Wv. sh-≈-ap-≈nStØ A-h¿-°v Po-hn-°m-\mhq. `qan-
°-Sn-bn¬ sh≈-ap-≠-t√m. aÆnepw sh≈ap≠v.
ac-ßfpw sh≈w tiJ-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. th\¬°m-
eØv Ce- s]m-gn-°p∂ ac-ß-sf√mw sh≈w tiJ-
cn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. AØn-a-cw, C√n, Icn-a-cp-Xv, Rmd-a-
cw, Rmh¬ F∂n-h-sb√mw sh≈w kw`-cn-°p-w. Rm
d-a-cw D≈n-SØv sh≈-ap-≠mhpsa∂v ]g-a-°m¿ ]d-
bm-dp-≠v. CsXms° Huj-[-hp-am-Wv. AØn-sh-≈
hpw, C√n-sh-≈hpw hb-dp-th-Z-\bv°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-
cp-∂p. Hmtcm -a-c-Øn\pw {]tX-y-I-X-bp-≠v. Hmtcmcp
Ø¿°pw Hmtcm tPmenbpw D≠v. Ccp-ºIw sIm√≥
am¿°v Xo I-Øn-°m≥ ]‰nb ac-am-Wv. kz¿Æ-∏-
Wn°v tImticn F∂ sNdnb Ce-bp≈ ac-Øns‚
hnd-Im-sW-Sp-°p-I. F¥m-bmepw \-Ωp-sS \m-´n¬ Hcn-
°epw sh≈-an-√msX hcn-√, h∂n-´n-√.
ag-bpsS A-fhn¬ Ipdhpw IqSp-Xepw A°m-e
Øpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv Adn-bm-\p≈ Nne e£-
W-߃ ImctWmΩm¿°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ag-°mew
XpS-ßm-dm-bm¬ tX\p-Iƒ(tX-\o-®-Iƒ) ]Sn-™m-dv
\n∂pw Ing-t°m´v Iq´-tØmsS ]mdpw. Xpem-amkw
Ign™m¬ Ing-°v -\n∂pw ]Sn-™m-tdm´v ]mdpw.
tX≥ F-Sp-°p-tºmƒ s\bv Ip-d-hm-sW-¶n¬ ag -Ip-
dbpsa∂v ]d-bpw. tX\S s]mXn-™v -s\-øp-s≠-¶n¬
\√ ag-bm-bn-cn°pat{X. At∏mƒ Im¿tWmΩmcv
]dbpw "tX\S s]mXn-™n-´p-≠v, Cs°m√w *]m≠ow
46 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
*sXcn-sbms° ap´m≥ t]mI-bm, hnd-sIms° tiJ-
cn-t®m-, sXmgp-sØms° \∂m-°n-t°m, tXmSp-I-sfm
s° sh´n hrØn-bm-°n-t°m' F∂v. \√ ag-°m-e-
tØ-°p≈ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-I-fm-Wv Ah.
C\n ag -Ip-d-™t∏mgpw IpSn-°m≥ sh≈-an-√m-
Xmb-Xmtbm, hnØn-Sm≥ I≠-Øn¬ sh≈-an-√m
XmbXmtbm ]g-a-°m¿ ]d-™p-tI-´n-´n-√. Ipd™
ag-bp≈ ImeØpw `qan-bn¬ sh≈-ap-≠m-hpw. ac-
ßfpw ]p√p-Ifpw ssIX-I-fp-sams° sh≈w ]nSn
®phbv°p-a-t√m? tIWn-I-fn-epw, Xe-°p-f-ß-fnepw
sh≈-ap-≠m-hpw. tXmSp-I-fnepw ]pg-I-fnepw \oscm-
gp°p-≠m-Ipw. ]ns∂ Ipd®v ag -s]-bvXm¬ Xs∂
Dd-h-Iƒ ]Xnsb D≠m-hpw. Ct∏m Aßns\b√,
`qan -h-√msX amdn-t∏m-bn-t√?. Cu h¿jsØ DW°v
_m[n-°m-ØXv t]cn-b, Ipt™mw `mK-ß-sf-bm-Wv.
AhnsS Ct∏mgpw ac-ßfpw ae-I-fp-ap-≠v. AXmWv
Imc-Ww.
]ns∂ h∂ hen-sbm-cp- am‰w ag-bp-sS kz-`m-h-
Øn-em-Wv. I¿°n-S-I-Ønse ag-sbms° Icn -t]m-
esØ Im¿ta-L-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw. Ccp-≠v -I-dp-Øn-cn-
°pw. ag-Øp-≈n-Iƒ°v \√ hen∏hpw Ah \ndsb
sh≈-hpw Bbn-cp-∂p. Nnßw˛I∂n amk-ßf - n¬ \√
ag-t°m-S-bm-bn-cn-°pw. 4 aWn Ign-™m¬ sXm´SpØv
\n¬°p-∂-Bsft∏mepw ImWn-√. AsX-hnsS \n∂m
Wv D≠mIp∂-Xv? NXp∏v \ne-Øv -\n∂pw, aÆn¬
sh≈w IpSn®pInS-°p∂ N∏p-I-ƒ°nS-bn¬ \n∂pw
sh≈w Cu¿∏ambn, \ocm-hn-bmbn Db-cp-∂ Imgv®
\√ ck-am-bn-cp∂p. CXv a™mbpw ag-bm-bpw Xncn®v
hb- \ m- S ns‚ `qansb XWp- ∏ n- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c p- ∂ p.
hr›nIw˛ [\p˛aIcw amk-ß-fn¬ \√ a™m-bn-cn-
°pw. cm{Xnbn¬ ap‰Øv Hcp ap≠v C´n´v cmhnse
FSpØv ]ngn-™m¬ sh≈w \nd-™n-cn-°pw. Ct∏m
AXp-t≠m?...
Ipw`w Ign-™m¬ NqSm-bn, hnf-sh-Sp-∏pw. \√
\\-hpw hf-°q-dpap≈ IdpØ aÆmWv \ap-°p-≠m-
bn-cp-∂-Xv. F-t∏mgpw CS-a-g-Iƒ In´n-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ag
Ign™v `qan NqSp-]n-Sn-®m¬ ]ns∂mcp Im‰pw ag-bp-
ap-≠m-hpw. Cu CS-a-g-Iƒ Chn-SpsØ Xs∂ sh≈w
Bhn-bm-bn, a™mbn taL-ambn D≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-sW-
∂mWv F\n-°v -tXm-∂p-∂-Xv.
AsXm-s°-t∏m-bn; hb-\m-´n-en-t∏mƒ CsXm-∂p-
an-√. em`-Øn-\v th≠n \Ωƒ F√mw If-™-p. ImSv
t]m--bn, acw t]mbn, N∏v t]m-bn, a™v t]m-bn, tImS
-t]m-bn, Ddh t]mbn. ]ns∂sbßns\ sh≈-ap-≠m-
hpw? F∂n-´n-t∏mƒ \o¿°p-gn- Ip-Øm≥ ]d-bp∂p,
tXm´-Øn-sems° ˛\nß-fpsS ico-c-Øn¬ Hcp apdn-
hp-≠m°n AXn¬ sh≈-sam-gn-®m¬ sh≈w IpSn-
°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ip-tam? IpSn-®m-et√ ico-c-Øn-
ep-≠m-Iq?
hb-\m-Sns‚ sh≈hpw Aßns\ Xs∂. ag -s]-
øp-∂ -sh≈w `qan-bn-te-°n-d-°m≥ acw thWw, ae
th-Ww. ImSv -thWw. CsXms° C\n Xncn®p]nSn-
°m-\m-hp-tam?...
(*]m≠n: Nßm-Sw, sX-cn : IS-°p∂ hgn-Iƒ)
 ]pXn-tUm.-
b-hnf
at- B¿
\mPv inh-cm-a-]n≈
tImaØv
rsp@neritam.com
manoj@physicist.net

sImft{Ãmƒ: [mc-W-Ifpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw

B tcm- Ky-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v kmam-\y-P-\-߃

°v G‰hpw ]cn-Nn-X-amb hm°p-I-fn-sem-
∂mWv "sImf-t{Ãmƒ'. CS-bvs°ms° I≠p-ap-´p∂
]cn-N-b-°m¿ Cu ASpØ Ime-ß-fn¬ {]tXy-In®pw
]c-kv]cw \S-Øp∂ Ipi-em-t\z-jW - ß - fn¬, Btcm-
Ky-mhÿ-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ tNmZy-߃ Ft∏mgpw Bcw-
`n-°p-∂Xv "jpK-dp-t≠m?', "sImf-t{Ãmfpt≠m?' F
∂m-Wv. lrZvtcmKhpw Iym≥kdpw {]ta-lhpw- t]mse
Hcp tcmKm-h-ÿ-bmWv sImf-t{Ãmƒ F∂ [mc-W-
bn¬ \n∂mWv Cu tNmZyw. F∂m¬ ico-c-Øns‚
\ne-\n-ev]n\pw imco-cnI {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°pw AXym-
h-iy-ap≈ Hcp ]Zm¿∞amWv "sImf-t{Ãmƒ' F∂
XmWv kXyw. \ΩpsS ico-c-Øns‚ icn-bmb {]h¿
Ø\߃°v Ht´sd hnhn-[-Xcw ]Zm¿∞-߃ \n
›nX-amb Af-hp-Ifn¬ AXym-hi - y-am-Wv. Afhv IqSp-
X-em-bmepw Ipd-™mepw B]-Øm-Wv. sImf-t{Ãm
fpw A[n-I-am-Ip-tºm-gmWv BtcmKy {]iv\-ambn
Xocp-∂-Xv.
ico-c-Øn\v Du¿Pw {]Zm\w sNøp∂ ] -- Zm¿∞
amWv •q-t°mkv(]©-kmc). •pt°mkv kzoI-cn-°m≥
tImi-߃°v Ign-bm-sX -h-cp-tºmƒ, c‡-Øn¬
AXns‚ Afhv IqSp-X-em-Ipw. CXns\bmWv \mw
jpK¿ AYhm {]talw(Diabetes) F∂v -]-d-bp-∂-Xv.
lrZbw c‡-°p-g-en-te°v c‡w ]ºv sN-øp-tºmƒ
c‡-°p-g-ens‚ `nØn-°v A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ a¿±-amWv
c‡-a¿±w(Blood Pressure). ico-c-Øn¬ CXv F{X-
tØmfw thWsa∂-Xn\pw F{X-tØmfw BIm-sa-
∂-Xn\pw IrXy-amb IW-°p-≠v. ]e Imc-Wß - f
- mepw
AXv Nne-t∏mƒ adn-I-S-°-s∏Spw. Cu Ah-ÿ c‡-
k-Ω¿±w(High Blood Pressure) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXp-
t]mse ico-c-Øn-\v Bh-iy-ap-≈-Xnepa[nIw sImf-
t{Ãmƒ ico-c-Øn-se-Øp-tºm-gmWv "sImf-t{Ãm-fm-
[nIyw' D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Cu Ah-ÿ-bmWv A]-I-S-I-
cw.
sImft{Ãmƒ F∂m¬
a\p-jy-i-co-c-Ønse tImi-ß-fnepw Ie-I-fnepw
ImWs∏Sp∂ sagp-Iv -t]m-ep≈ Hcp sImgp-∏mWv
sImf-t{Ãmƒ. ]nØm-i-b-Ønep≠m-Ip∂ I√n®
]Zm¿∞-Øn-emWv(gall stone) C-Xns‚ km∂n[yw B

Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 47

 Zy-ambn Xncn-®-dn-bs∏-Sp∂-Xv. CXns\ A\p-kva-cn-®v,
]nØ- c kw F∂¿∞- a p≈ "tImfn' (chole), Jc
]-Zm¿∞sØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ "Ãntdmkv'(Stereose)
F∂o {Ko°v -]-Z-߃ sIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-XmWv
"sImf-t{Ãmƒ'(cholesterol) F∂ t]cv. \ma-Ic - Ww \S
ØnbXmI-s´, 1815˛¬ antj¬ bqPn≥ sNhvtdmƒ
(Michel Eugène Chevreul) F∂ {^©v -c-k-X-{¥-⁄-
\pw.
ico-c-Ønse Hmtcm tImi-Ønepw, c‡-Øn-epw,
Hcp LS-I-]-Zm¿∞-ambn sImf-t{Ãmƒ AS-ßn-bn-
´p≠v. ico-cØ - n¬ \nc-h[ - n-bn\w sImgp-∏v L
- S- I
- ß
- ƒ
D≠v. ^m‰n Bkn-Up-Iƒ, t^mkvt^men∏n-Up-Iƒ
(Phospholipids) XpS-ßnbhsbms° ico-c-Øn-ep≈
sImgp-∏p-L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv. B Iq´-Øn¬ H∂v -am-{X-am
Wv sImf-t{Ãmƒ. c‡-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ sImgp-
∏p-I-fn¬ {][m-\w sImf-t{Ãmfpw ss{S•n-k-ssd-Up-
I-fp-am-Wv. apJy-ambpw Ic-fn¬ Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂
sImgp-∏mWv sImf-t{Ãmƒ. ico-c-Øn-\v B-h-iy-amb
sImf-t{Ãmfns‚ 80 iX-am-\hpw Ic-fn¬X-s∂-bmWv
Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. FÆbpw sImgp∏pw AS-ßnb
`£-W-Øn¬\n-∂v _m°nbpw e`n-°p-∂p. Ic-fn¬
Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ sImf-t{Ãm-fn\v ]pdta hfsc sNdn-
sbm-c-fhv sImf-t{Ãmƒ am{Xta ico-c-Øn-\m-h-iy-ap-
≈p. km[m-cW `£-W-Øn¬ \n-∂v -Xs∂ AXv e`n-
°p-Ibpw sNøpw. F∂m¬ sImgp∏v IqSp-X-ep≈ `
£Ww IqSp-X-embn Ign-°p-tºmƒ hfscb[nIw
sImgp∏v ico-cØ - n-se-Øp-Ibpw, {Ia-Øn-e[ - nIw sIm
f-t{Ãmƒ c‡-°p-g-ep-I-fn¬ ASn-™p-Iq-Sm≥ CS-bm-
Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. CXmWv sImf-t{Ãmƒ B[nIyw
aqe-ap≈ tcmKm-hÿ - b
- n-te°v \sΩ sIm≠p-sN-s∂-
Øn-°p-∂-Xv.
t{kmX pw Bh-iy-I-Xbpw
amwk`-£-W-ßfmWv sImft{Ãmfns‚ apJy-
t{km-X-kv. ap´, shÆ, s\øv, FÆ-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-
bn¬ sImf-t{Ãmƒ IqSp-X-em-bn-cn-°pw. CØcw
`£Ww Aan-X-ambn Ign-°p-tºmƒ IqSp-X¬ sImgp
48 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
∏v t\cn´pw c‡-Øn-se-Øp-∂p. At∏mƒ Ic-fnse
sImgp-∏p-ev]m-Z\w X\nsb Ipd-bpw. c‡-Øn¬ sIm
f-t{Ãm-fns‚ \ne {Iao-I-cn-°m≥ icocw kzbw ssI
s°m-≈p∂ \-S-]-Sn-bm-WXv. F∂m¬ CØcw imco-
cnI {Iao-Ic - W
- ß
- s
- fsb√mw XI¿°pwhn[w A[nIw
sImgp- ∏ - S - ß nb Blmcw Ign- ° p- t ºmƒ sImf-
t{Ãmƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw A[n-I-cn-°p-∂p.
sImf-t{Ãmƒ \nc-h[n imco-cnI {]h¿Ø-\-߃
°v IqSn-tb- Xo-cp. sImf-t{Ãmƒ C√msX Pohn-°m≥
Ign-bn-s√-∂v -]-d-bmw. tImSm-\p-tImSn tImi-߃
sIm≠m-Wt√m \ΩpsS icocw \n¿an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Cu tImi-ß-fpsS ]pdw]mfn \n¿an-°p-∂-Xn\pw Dd-
t∏msS \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw sImf-t{Ãmƒ AXym-
h-iy-at{X. tImi-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ ^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-
°p-∂Xpw sImf-t{Ãm-fns‚ klm-b-Øm-em-Wv. ico-
c-Øn-\v A-Xym-h-iy-amb hn‰m-an≥ Un(Vit. D) \n¿an-
°p∂ [¿ahpw sImf-t{Ãm-fn-t‚-Xm-Wv. s{]mP-Ãn-
tdm¨, Cu{Ã-P≥ XpS-ßnb kv{Xo tlm¿tam-Wp-
Iƒ, ]pcpj tlm¿tam-Wmb sStÃm-Ãn-tdm¨ F∂n-
h-bpsSbpw A{Uo-\¬ {KŸn Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ tIm¿
´n-tkm¨, B¬tUm-Ãn-tdm¨ XpS-ßnb tlm¿tam-
Wp-Ifp-sSbpw \n¿amW-Øn¬ sImf-t{Ãmƒ {][m-
\- ]-¶v -h-ln-°p-∂p. Blm-c-Ønse sImgp-∏p-L-S-I-
ß-tfbpw Nne -Po-h-I-ß-tfbpw BKn-cWw sNøm≥
klm- b n- ° p- ∂ Xpw sImf- t {Ãmƒ BWv . sImf-
t{Ãmƒ Ic-fn¬ h®v cq]m-¥cw kw`-hn®v ]nØ-c-k-
Ønse LS-I-ß-fm-bn- am-dp-∂p. tImfnIv BknUv
F∂ Cu LS-I-amWv `£-W-Ønep≈ t]mj-I-L-
S-I-ßsf BKn-cWw sNøm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xv. ico-
c-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb ]e Poh-I-ß-tfbpw sImgp-∏n¬
ebn-∏n®v kw`-cn-°p∂ I¿Ø-hyhpw sImf-t{Ãmƒ
\n¿h-ln-°p-∂p-≠v. sImgp-∏n¬ ebn-°p∂ hn‰m-an-\p-
I-fmb A, D, E, K F∂n-h-bpsS D]m-]-Nb(Metabolism)
{]h¿Ø-\-Ønepw sImft{Ãmfn\v ]¶p-≠v. tImi-
Øn-\-I-tØ°v F¥v IS-°-Ww, F¥v IS-°-cpXv
F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p--∂Xpw sImf-t{Ãmƒ X-s∂. B‚n-
Hm-Ivkn-U‚mbpw sImf-t{Ãmƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v.
Npcp-°-Øn¬ sImf-t{Ãmƒ ico-c-Øns‚ A\p-\n-
anj{]h¿Ø-\-ß-ƒ°m-sIbpw AXym-h-iy-amWv
F∂v ]d-bmw.
ico-c-Ønep≈ sImgp-∏n\v en∏n-Up-Iƒ(lipids)
F∂mWv ]d-bp-I. ico-c-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb Cu en∏n-
Up-Iƒ (AYhm sImf-t{Ãmƒ) c‡-{]-hm-l-Øn-eq
sSbmWv ico-c-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-te°v FØp-
∂Xv. H‰bv°v k©-cn-°m≥ Chbv°v Ign-bn-√. Hcp
klmbnbpsS Bh-iy-ap≠v. amwky (Protein) sØ
bmWv klm- b - Ø n\v Iq´p- ] n- S n- ° p- ∂ - X v . sImf-
t{Ãmfns‚ ]pdØv t{]m´o≥ ]‰n-∏n-Sn-°p-∂p. ent∏m
t{]m´o≥(lipid + Protein = lipoprotein) F∂mWv CXn\v
]d-bp-I. F√m ent∏m-t{]m-´o-\nepw t{]m´o≥ Ih-N-
am-Ip-∂Xv Hcp-t]m-se-b-√. Nne-Xn¬ IqSp-X¬ t{]m
´o≥ Im-Wpw, Nne-Xn¬ Ipd-hpw.
ent∏mt{]m´o-\p-Isf AXns‚ LS-\bpw kz`m-
hhpw A\p-k-cn®v ]e- hn-`m-K-ß-fmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-°m-
dp-≠v. t{]m´o≥ IqSp-Xepw sImf-t{Ãmƒ Ipd-hpap≈
LS-I-Øn\v HDL(High Denisity Lipoprotein) F∂v ]-d-bp-
∂p. CXn\v km{μ-X -Iq-Sp-Xem-Wv. Ch hfsc thK-
Øn¬, Fßpw XßmsX, Ic-fn-te°v k©-cn-°p-
∂p. t]mIp-∂- h-gn-bn¬, Ahn-sSbpanhn-sSbpw Xßn-
\n-ev°p∂ a‰v ent∏m t{]m´o-\p-Isf°qSn X≈n-\o°n
Ic- f n- s e- Ø n- ° pw. Ic- f n¬ h®v AXv ]nØmw- æ -
ambn(Bile Acid) amdpw. ico-ct- Im-iß - f - nepw Ie-If- nepw
c‡°p-g-en-ep-sams° A[n-I-ap≈ sImf-t{Ãmƒ
IW- ß sf kzoI- c n®v Ic- f n- s e- Ø n- ° p- I - b mWv
HDL˛s‚ {][m-\- [¿aw. Ic-fn-se-Øp∂ sImf-t{Ãm-
fns\ kwkvIc - n®v ]nØ-\o-cm°n ico-cØ - n¬ \n∂pw
]pdw-X-≈m≥ Ic-fn-\v -I-gn-bpw. AanX sImf-t{Ãm-
fns\ Hgn-hm°n icocsØ Hcp-X-c-Øn¬ ipNo-I-cn-
°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\a - mWv HDL sNøp-∂X - v. AXp-sIm≠v
CXns\ "\√ sImf- t {Ãmƒ' F∂v hnfn- ° p- ∂ p.
t{]m´o≥ Ipdhpw sImf- t {Ãmƒ IqSp- X - e p- a p≈
ent∏m-t{]m-´o≥ LDL (Low Density Hipoprotein) F∂mW
A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. CXn\v km{μX Ipd-hm-Wv. CXns‚
bm{X aμ-K-Xn-bn-¬˛-Zp¿_-ew-˛Bbn-cn°pw.
sImf-t{Ãm-fns\ tImi-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-∂Xv LDL
BWv. AhnsS ico-c-Øn-\-Xym-h-iy-amb, ap≥]v -
kqNn∏n®, {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ sImf-t{Ãmƒ \S-Øp-∂p.
AXn-\m¬ LDL \ap°v AXym-hi - y-am-Wv. AXv "NoØ'
sImf-t{Ãmf-√. ]t£ tImi-߃°mh-iy-ap-≈X - n¬
IqSp-X¬ sImf-t{Ãm-fns\ LDL sIm≠p-h-cp-tºmƒ,
Bh-iy-ap-≈{X kzoI-cn-®v _m°n-bp-≈-hsb tImi-
߃ _ln-jv°-cn-°pIbpw AXv c‡-Øn¬ \ne-
\n-ev°pIbpw A[n-I-cn°pIbpw sNøpw. At∏m-
gmWv AXv "NoØ sImf-t{Ãmƒ' BIp-∂-Xv. Hcp
]g-©≥ h≠n-t]m-se kmh-[m-\a - mWv LDL˛s‚ bm{X.
c‡-Øn-eqsS AXv th®v -th®v \oßp-tºmƒ klm-
b-Øn\v c‡-°p-g-ep-I-fpsS `nØn°v Ib-dn∏n-Sn-°pw.
kuI-cy-{]-Z-sa-¶n¬ AhnsS sImgp-∏p-I-W-ß-sf- Iq-
´n-h-bv°pw. Ah AhnsS am¿K-X-S- ap-≠m-°n c‡-
{]-hm-lØn\v hnLmXw kr„n-°pw. -Ae-k-ambn
\oßp∂ LDL˛s\ ssI ]n-Sn®v Xt∂m-sSm∏w Ic-fn-
te°v sIm≠p- t ]m- I m≥ HDL {ian- ° pw. ]t£
hfscb[nIw (HDL˛s‚ Ign-hn\∏pdw) LDL Ds≠-
¶n¬, HDL sIm≠p-t]m-b-Xn-s‚ _m°n c‡-°p-g-ep-
I-fpsS `nØn-bn¬ Xmhfw Is≠-Øpw. At∏m-gmWv
sImf-t{Ãmƒ A]-I-S-Im-cn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv. HDL Ic-fn-
te°pw LDL Ic-fn¬ \n∂v a‰v -i-co-c-`m-K-ß-fn-te°pw
k©-cn-°p∂p F∂v s]mXp-hn¬ ]d-bmw.
sImf-t{Ãmƒ B[n-Iy-ap-≈-h-cn¬ LDL IqSn-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xmbn ]T-\-߃ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. LDL BWv
lrZ-bk - w-_‘ - a - mb tcmK-ßf - psS apJy-Im-cW- w. LDL
IqSp--Xep-≈-h-¿°v sNdp-{]m-b-Ønte lrZb-kw-_-
‘-amb Akp-Jß - fp≈-Xm-bn- Ata-cn-°b - nse \mj-
W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v sl¬Øv (National Institutte of
Health) \S-Ønb Hcp ]T-\-Øn¬ ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
sImtdmWdn lm¿´v Unko-kns‚(Coronamy Heart dis-
eases) A]- I - S - Ø n¬\n∂pw c£- s ∏- S m≥ BZyw
sNtø-≠Xv LDL Ipdbv-°pIb-m-sW∂pw ]T\w shfn-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
Ic-fn¬ IqSn-b-tXm-Xn¬ ImWp∂ sImgp-∏v L-S-
I-amWv ss{S•n-k-ssd-Up-Iƒ(Triglycerides). Chbpw-
sImf- t {Ãmƒ IWn- I - I fpw tN¿∂mWv km{μX
hfsc Ipd™ sImgp-∏p-I-W-ß-fmb VLDL(very low
density lipoprotein) D≠m-°p-∂-Xv. CXv Ic-fn¬ \n∂pw
c‡- { ]- h m- l - Ø n- e qsS k©- c n- ° p- t ºmƒ VLDL,
ss{S•n-kssd-Up-Isf c‡-Ønse sImgp-∏ptIm-i-
ß-fn-te°v \nt£-]n®v kzbw LDL BboØo-cpw.
c‡-Øn¬ LDL˛s‚ Afhv IqSp-I-bmWv CXns‚
^ew. km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ samØw sImf-t{Ãmƒ
IqSp-tºmƒ LDL IqSp-Ibpw HDL Ipd-bp-I-amWv sNøp-
I. P\n-XI Imc-Wß - t- fm-sSm∏w ]pI-he - n, aZy-]m\w
XpS- ß nb Zpxio- e - ß - f pw LDL ˛s‚ \n¿an- X n- b n¬
Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p-∂p.
Ign-°p∂ `£-W-Ønse sImgp-∏n¬ \nt∂m
A∂Pw(Carbohydrate) t]mep≈ a‰v Du¿P Dd-hn-S-
ßfn¬ \nt∂m cq]m-¥c - s- ∏-Sp-∂X - mWv ss{S•n-ks - sd-
Up-Iƒ. `£-W-Øn-e-Sßnbncn-°p∂ Du¿PsØ
\ΩpsS Snjyq-Iƒ DS≥Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-√.
AXns\ ss{S•n-kssd-Uv Bbn am‰n sImgp-∏ptIm-
i-ß-fn-¬ kq£n-°p-∂p. ico-c-Øn\v Du¿Pw Bh-
iy-am-bn-h-cp-tºmƒ, Du¿P-Zm-b-I-amb Blmcw e`y-
a-æ
- n¬, sImgp-∏p-tIm-iß - f - n¬\n∂pw ss{S•n-ks - sd-
Up-Isf FSpØv Du¿P-am°n D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Nne
tlm¿tam-Wp-I-fmWv Cu {]h¿Ø-\sØ \nb-{¥n-
°p-∂-Xv.
sImgp∏v ASn™pIqSp-tºmƒ
sImgp∏v ASn-™p-IqSn- c‡-[-a\n-I-fpsS hymkw
Ipd-bp-I-tbm, Ah-bn¬ XS w AYhm tªm°v
D≠m-hp-Itbm sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv AXntdmkv
¢otdm-kn-kv(Atherosclerosis). c‡-[-a-\n-I-fpsS G‰
hpw D≈n-ep≈ t\¿Ø kvXc-]m-fn-bmWv F≥tUm-
Xo-en-bw(endothelium). Ahn-sS-bmWv sImgp-∏p-I-W-
߃ ASn-™p-Iq-Sm≥ XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. lrZ-b-t]-in-
Iƒ°v c‡w \evIp-∂ sImtdm-Wdn B¿´-dn-Ifn¬
(coronary artery) sImf-t{Ãmƒ ASn-™p-Iq-Sp-tºmƒ
lrZ-bt- ]-in-Iƒ°v t]mj-Iß - fpw HmIvkn-P\pw e`n-
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 49
 °m-X-mIpw. CXp-aqew lrZ-b-t]-in-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø
\w aμo-`-hn-°p-w, t]in-Iƒ Zp¿_-e-am-Ip-w. CXv lrZ-
bm-Lm-X-Øn\v(Heart Attack) Imc-W-ambnØoc-p-∂p.
Xe-t®m-dn-te-°p≈ c‡-[-an-\n-I-fn¬ tªm°p-≠m-
Ip-Itbm Xe-t®m-dnse c‡-[-a-\n-Iƒ s]m´p-Itbm
sNøp-tºmƒ akvXn-jvIm-LmXw AYhm t{Ãm°v
(Stroke) D≠m-Ip-∂p. s{_bn≥ A‰m°v(Brain attack)
F∂pw CXns\ hnfn-°mw.
sImf-t{Ãmƒ ]cn-tim-[\ Ghcpw Hcp -h¿j-Øn-
¬ H-cn-°-se-¶nepw \SØp∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. sImf-
t{Ãmƒ B[n-Iy-ap-≈-h¿ tUmŒdpsS \n¿tZ-i-{]Im-
c-ap≈ ]cn-tim-[\Ifpw \S-Ø-Ww. 12 aWn-°q¿
t\cw `£Ww Ign- ° m- X n- c p- ∂ - X n- \ v - t i- j - a mWv
en∏nUv s{]ss^¬ ]cn-tim-[\ \S-tØ-≠-Xv. 100
Iyp.sk‚n ao-‰¿(c.c) c‡-Øn¬ F{X- an-√n {Kmw(mg)
sImf-t{Ãmƒ D≠v F∂mWv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂X - v. LDL
100˛\v Xm-sg-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww; HDL 55-˛\v ap-I-fn-epw.
35˛\v Xmsg-bm-bm¬ AXv A]-I-S-I-c-am-b Ah-ÿ-
bmWv. IqSp-X¬ D≈Xv IqSp-X¬ \√-Xv. BsI
sImft{Ãmƒ 200˛¬ Xmsg-bm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂mWv
IW-°v. ]t£ Ct∏mƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ Nne ]T-\-
߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv 160˛\v Xmsg-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-
XmWv IqSp-X¬ A`n-Imaysa∂t{X. ss{S•n-k-ssd-
Uns‚ \ne 150˛\v Xmsg-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv Btcm-
Ky-I-cw.
c£m-am¿K߃
Ch-bn¬ GXm≠v 90 iX-am-\hpw \mw hcp-Øn-
h-bv°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Pohn-X-ssi-en-bnse XI-cm-dp-Ifpw
Btcm-Ky-I-c-a-√m-Ø `£-W-io-e-hpw- sIm-≠mWv
Cßs\ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn¬ kaq-e-
am‰w hcp-Øn-bm¬ sImf-t{Ãmƒ B[n-Iy-Øn¬
\n∂pw c£-s∏Sm≥ Ign-bpw. `£-W-io-e-ß-fnse
am‰-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw G‰hpw {][m\w
FÆbpsS D]-tbmKw \nb-{¥n-°pI F∂Xv -X-s∂-
bm-Wv. ]®- FÆ t\cn´v Idn-I-fn¬ tN¿°p-∂-Xns\
°mƒ A]-I-S-I-c-amWv FÆ-bpsS ]tcm-£-amb D]-
tbm-Kw. ao\pw Cd®nbpsams° \√-Xm-sW-¶nepw
Ah hdpØv Ign-°p-tºmƒ KpWw \„-s∏SpI am-
{X-a√ hfscb[nIw FÆ ico-cØ - n-se-Øp-IbpamWv.
FÆ ho≠pw ho≠pw Xnf-∏n-®v D]-tbmKn°p-tºmgm
Is´ AXnse cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ hnL-Sn-°p-∂Xn\pw
Ah \ΩpsS ico-csØ \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-
Ip-∂p. GXp-Xcw FÆ-bm-bmepw ]c-am-h[n Ipd-®p-
am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-hgn sImf-t{Ãmƒ B[nIyw
Ipd-bv°m≥ Ign-bpw. t_°-dn- `£W-߃ hmßn
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpw Gsd A]-I-S-I-c-at{X. BSp-am-
Sp-I-fpsSbpw a‰pw amkw Nph-∂- amwkw F∂mWv
Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXv ]q¿Æ-ambn Hgn-hm-°-Ww.
tImgn, Xmdmhv F∂n-h-bpsS amwkw shfpØ amwk-
am-Wv. Ah sXmen-I-f™v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. tkmbm-
_o≥, Idn-th-∏n-e, a√n-bn-e, shfp-Øp-≈n, A[nIw
]gp-°mØ t]cbv° F∂nh Znh-tk\ Ign-°p-∂Xv
c‡-Øn¬ sImf-t{Ãmƒ h¿≤n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ klm-
bn-°pw. Imt_-Pv, Imc-‰v, _o≥kv, ]b-¿h¿§-߃,
X°m-fn, Noc, apcn-ß-bn-e, sXmen-tbmsS ]pgp-ßnb
50 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
Dcp-f°- n-gßv F∂nh `£-WØ - n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv
\√-Xm-Wv. Xhn-Sv -I-f-bmØ [m\yw, HmSvkv, _m¿en
F∂nh ÿnc-ambn Ign-°p-∂-h-cn¬ sImf-t{Ãmƒ
Btcm-Ky-Ic - a
- mb \ne-bn-em-sW-∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
HmSvkn-ep≈ _o‰m-•q-t°m¨ F∂ \mcv sImf-t{Ãm-
fns\ ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pdw-X-≈m≥ klm-bn-°p-
∂p. _Zmw Znh-khpw Ign-®m¬ HDL IqSpw. sImf-
t{Ãmƒ \nb-{¥-W-Øn\v G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp
Blm-c-L-S-I-amWv HtaK˛3 ^m‰n Bkn-Uv(omega-
3 fatty acids). Nmf(a-Øn), Abe apX-emb ao\p-I-
fn¬ CXv AS- ß n- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. F∂m¬ Hcp
Imcytam¿°pI: Cu a’y-߃ Idn-h-®v -am-{Xta D]-
tbm-Kn-°mhq;hdpØv Ign-®m¬ tZmjw sNøpw.
Btcm-Ky-Ic - a
- mb `£-Wi - o-et- Øm-sSm∏w {]m[m-
\y-a¿ln-°p∂ sImf-t{Ãmƒ \nb-{¥-W-am¿§-amWv
hymbm-aw. ]Xn-hmbn Fbn-tdm-_nIv hymbmaw sNbv
Xm¬ sImf-t{Ãm-fns‚, {]tXy-In®v LDL˛s‚, Afhv
hfscb[nIw Ipdbv-°m≥ Ign-bpw. hymbmaw sNøp-
tºmƒ ico-c-Ønse A[nI sImgp∏v D]-tbm-Kn®v
Xocp-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv sImf-t{Ãmƒ Ipd-bp-∂-Xv.
AXn- \ \pk- c n- ® p≈ hymbm- a - a mWv sNtø- ≠ - X v .
kuI-cy-{]-Zhpw IqSp-X¬ ^e-{]-Zhpamb hymbm-aw
\S-Øw X-s∂. sImgp∏v Ipdbp-∂-Xn-eqsS ico-c `m-
chpw s]mÆ-Ø-Snbpw {ItaW Ipd-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-
hm≥ Ign-bpw. \√ -sIm-f-t{Ãm-fmb HDL˛s‚ Afhv
Iq´m\pw hymbmaw sIm≠v Ign-bpw. ss{S•nkssdUn
s‚ \nebpw hymbm-aw-sIm≠v Ipd-bp-∂-Xmbn ]T-\-
߃ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
s]mÆ-Ø-Sn, sImft{Ãmƒ B[n-Iyw, {]ta-lw,
c‡mXn-a¿±w F∂n-h-sb√mw Ip´n-I-fn¬ t]mepw
C∂v km[m-c-W-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Iºyq-´-dpw
Snhnbpw samss_-¬ t^mWp-ambn ka-bw-t]m-°p∂
]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv°v s]mXp-hn¬ hymbmacmln-Xy-
ap≠v; H∏w t_°dn `£Ww, a[p-c-]m-\o-b-߃,
^mÃv ^pUv XpSßn ico-csØ \in-∏n-°p∂ Blm-
c-io-e-ßfpw. Btcm-Ky-an-√mØ tcmK-ß-fpsS ]nSn-
bn-¬ AXn-thKw Aa-cm-hp∂ Hcp ÿnXn-bn-te-°mWv
]pXp-X-e-ap-d- C∂v hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. CXn¬ \n∂pw
Ahsc c£n-°p-hm≥ kaq-l-Øns‚ samØw {iaw
D≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v.
sImf-t{Ãmƒ \ne Aan-X-am-Im≥ XpS-ßp-tºmƒ
Xs∂ Pohn-Xs - si-enbpsS {- I-ao-Ic - W
- Ø
- n-eq-sS, `£-
W-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn-eqsS, IrXy-amb hymbm-a-Øn-eqsS,
{]Xn-tcm[n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv C∂v G‰hpw A[nIw
{]m[m\yw \evIp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Hcp- ]-cn-[n-°-∏pdw
sImf-t{Ãmƒ IqSn-bm¬ tUmŒ-dpsS \n¿t±-i{- ]-Imcw
acp-∂p-Iƒ Ign-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
Btcm- K y- I - c - a mb Pohn- X - s si- e n- X - s ∂- b mWv
sImf-t{Ãmƒ B[n-Iy-Øns‚ G‰hpw \√ {]Xn-tcm-
[-am¿Kw. IrXy-amb hymbm-aw, hÆw \nb-{¥n-°¬,
Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Blm-c-ssi-enbpw Pohn-X-co-Xn-
Ifpw ]men-°¬, A]-I-S-L-S-I-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°¬
F∂n-h- hgn sImf-t{Ãm-fns\ hcp-Xn-bn¬ \n¿Øm≥
Ign-bpw.
 s{]m^. sI. ]m∏q´n
pappootty@gmail.com
ªm°vtlmƒ ˛3
H cpk¥p-
\£-{X-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏v c≠v _e-ß-fpsS
e-\-Øn-em-sW∂v ]d-bmw. H∂v, D≈n-te-
°p≈ Kpcp-Xz-_-ew; c≠v, Imºn¬ \S-°p∂ ^yq
j≥ kr„n-°p∂ X≈¬_ew ]pd-tØ-°v. CXv
Xm]o-b- a¿Z-ambpw hnIn-c-W -a¿±ambpw A\p-`-h-s∏-
Sp-∂p.
Cu c≠v _e-ßfpw Ft∏mgpw Xpey-am-sb∂v
hcn-√. Imºn¬ ^yqj≥ \nc°v A¬∏w IqSn-bm¬
]pd-tØ-°p≈ X≈epw IqSpw. Imºv hnI-kn-°pw.
At∏mƒ km{μX Ipd-bpw. X∑qew ^yqj≥ \nc°v
Ipdbpw; a¿Zw Ipdbpw; Imºv Npcp-ßpw. At∏mƒ
^yqj≥ \nc°v IqSpw. Cßs\ \nc-¥cw \S-°p∂
hyXn- b m\w F√m \£- { X- ß - f n- e p- a p- ≠ m- I pw.
\£{Xw KXn-I-k-¥p-e-\-Øn¬(dynamic equilibrium)
BsW∂v ]d-bmw.
\£-{X°m-ºnse ssl{U-Ps‚ KWy-amb ]¶v
^yqj≥ hgn loen-b-ambn amdn°gn-™m¬ F¥v
kw`-hn°pw? kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ^yqj≥\n-c°v Ipd-
bpw. At∏mƒ Kpcp-Xz-_-e-Øn\v ta¬ss° In´pw;
Imºv Npcp-ßpw. Npcp-ßp∂ tXmX-\p-k-cn®v Imºn
se KpcpXz Du¿Pw kzX-{¥-am-Ipw. Xm]-am-bm-Wv
AXv {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-I. Aßs\ Xm]-\ne IqSp-∂-
Xp-aq-ehpw Npcp-ßp-tºmƒ km{μX IqSp-∂-Xp-aq-
ehpw ^yqj≥ \nc°v IqSpw. F∂v am{X-a-√, Imºn
s‚ Xm]-\ne IqSp-∂-Xp-aqew Imºn\v Np‰p-ap≈
ssl{U-P≥ ]mfn-bn-te°pw ^yqj≥ hym]n-°pw.
AhnsSbp≠m-Ip∂ loen-bhpw Imºn-te°v Xs∂-
]-Xn-°pw. Imºns‚ am v Cßs\ h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-
cp- ∂ m¬, Kpcp- X zm- I ¿jWw AhnsS h¿[n- ° pw.
At∏mƒ Imºv IqSp-X¬ Npcpßpw. amkv IqSp-tºmƒ
Imºns‚ hym]vXw Ipd-bp-I-bmWv sNøpI F∂v
BZyw ]d-™Xv 1929˛¬ FUva≠v tÃmW¿ (Edmund
Clifton Stoner:1899-1968) F∂ imkv { X- ⁄ - \ m- W v .
Bcpw {]Xo-£n-°mØ ^ew.
sh≈-°p-≈≥
CtXm-sSm∏w Imºn¬ as‰m-∂p-IqSn kw`-hn-°pw.
ssl{U-P-\n¬ \n∂v th¿s]-´p-t]mb Ce-t{Œm-Wp-
I-sf√mw kzX-{¥m-h-ÿ-bn¬, Hcp Ce-t{Œm¨ hmX-
I-ambn Imºn-ep-≠v. Kpcp-Xzm-I¿jWw am{X-amWv
AXns\ Imºn¬ _‘n®v \n¿Øp-∂-Xv. Imºv
Npcpßn hfsc sNdp-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ Ce-t{Œm¨ hmX
Iw A]-{`„w(degenerate) BIpw(t_mIvkv ImWp-
I). Kpcp-Xz-_ew aqew Imºv Npcp-ßp-∂-Xns\ XS-
bm≥ tijn-bp≈ A]-{`-„Xm a¿Zw(degeneracy pres-
sure) \ne-hn¬ hcpw. Imºns‚ am v hfsc IqSp-
Xes√-¶n¬, Imºns‚ kt¶mNw ]q¿W-ambpw \ne-
bv ° p- I - b pw, Xm]- \ ne IqSn- b mepw hmX- I - a ¿Zw
IqSmØ Akm-[m-cW Ahÿ kwPm-X-am-hp-Ibpw
sNøpw. sh≈-°p-≈≥(White dwarf) F∂mWv Cu
Ah-ÿ-bpsS t]cv. Imºv Hcp sh≈-°p-≈≥ Bbn
amdn-°-gn-™-p.
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 51
 kndnbkv \£-{X-tØm-sSm∏w GXm≠v kqcys‚
A{X am v D≈, F∂m¬ hen-∏hpw tim`bpw Xo¿
Øpw Ipd-hmb Hcp \£{Xw IqSnbps≠∂v 1862˛¬
Is≠-Øn-. AXv `qan-tb-°mƒ sNdp-Xm-sW∂pw
(15000 In.-ao-‰-dn¬ Xmsg) Xm]-\ne 29,200K hcp-
sa∂pw(kn-dn-b-kn\v 10000 K am{Xw) F∂m¬ tim`
kndn-b- ns‚ \m\q-dn¬ H∂v am{X-am-sW∂pw IrXy-
amb \nco-£W - ß - f
- n-eqsS 1920˛Ifnepw a\- n-em-°n.
50 h¿jw sIm≠v At\ym\yw ]cn-{I-aWw sNøp∂
Cc´ \£-{X-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv Ct∏mƒ \Ωƒ kndn-
bkv _n F∂v hnfn-°p∂ Cu \£-{Xw. CsXmcp
sh≈-°p-≈-\m-Wv.
Hcp \£-{X-°mºv HSp-hn¬ A]-{`-„-am-hp-Ibpw
sh≈- ° p- ≈ - \ mbn Iem- i n- ° p- I bpw sNøpsa∂v
BZy-ambn {]h-Nn-®Xv 1926˛¬ B¿.-F-®v.-^u-f¿(Sir
Ralph Howard Fowler:1889-1944) BWv. IqSp-X¬ am v
D≈ sh≈-°p-≈-∑m¿°v hep∏w Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°pw
F∂v Is≠-Øn-bXv tÃmWdpw(1929). A]-{`-„-X-
bpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ A]-h¿P\ \nbaw am{Xw ]cn-K-
Wn-®m¬ aXn-sb-¶n-epw, \£-{X-°mºv hfsc Npcp-
ßp-Ibpw Ce-t{Œm--Wp-I-fpsS KXn-thKw {]Im-i-th-
K-tØmSv ASp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Bt]-£n-IXm
kn≤m¥w IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bmte icn-bmb A]-
A]-{`-„X
A¿[- k v ] n≥ D≈ IW- ß sf(DZm. Ce-
t{Œm¨, t{]mt´m¨, \yqt{Sm¨) \Ωƒ s^¿an-
tbm-Wp-Iƒ F∂v hnfn-°pw. s^¿an-tbm-Wp-I-
sf√mw ]ufn-bpsS A]-h¿P\ \nbaw(Paulis ex-
clusion Principle) A\p-k-cn-°pw. Hcp IW-hyq-l-
Øn¬, Htc Izm≠w Ah-ÿ-bn¬ H‰ s^¿an-
tbm-Wn\v am{Xta \ne-\n¬°m-\m-Iq F∂mWv
Cu \nbaw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. DZm. Hcp B‰-Ønse
G‰hpw Ipd™ Du¿P-\n-e-bn¬ c≠v Ce-t{Œm-
Wp-I-fm-Imw. c≠n-s‚bpw kv]n≥ hyXy-kvX-am-
bn-cn-°Wsa∂v -am-{Xw. aq∂m-a-sXmcp Ce-t{Œm-
¨ h∂m¬ ASpØ Du¿Pm-hÿ - b
- n-te°v t]mI-
Ww.
Hcp km[m-cW \£-{X-Øns‚ Imºn¬ Ce-
t{Œm-Wp-Iƒ°v CjvSw-t]mse CShpw, Cu¿P-\n-
e- I fpw e`y- a m- W v . F∂m¬ \£{X°mºv
XWpØv Npcp-ßp-tºmƒ Hmtcm Ce-t{Œm--Wn\pw
e`y-amb CSw Ipd-bpw. Htc CS-Øn-te°v H∂n-
tesd Ce-t{Œm--Wp-Isf a¿±n-s®m-Xp-°m≥ Kpcp-
Xz-_ew {ian-°p-tºmƒ ]ufn-bpsS A]-h¿P-\-
\n-baw {][m-\-am-Ip∂p; IqSp-X¬ Db¿∂ Du¿P-
\n-e-I-fn-te°v t]mIm≥ Ce-t{Œm--Wp-Iƒ \n¿_-
‘n-X-am-Ip-∂p. IqSp-X¬ Du¿Pw F∂Xn\¿∞w
IqSp-X¬ KXn-thKw AYhm IqSp-X¬ a¿Zw
F∂m-W-t√m. Cu a¿Z-sØ-bmWv "Ce-t{Œm-¨
A]-{`-„-Xm-a¿Zw' F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. \£{X
52 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
{`-„Xm a¿Zw IW-°m-°m-\mIq F∂v BZyw ]d-
™Xpw tÃmW-dm-Wv. Hcp sh≈-°p-≈\v km[y-amb
G‰hpw IqSnb am v kuc-am- ns‚ 4.7 Cc-´n-bm-bn-
cn°pw F∂v At±lw IW-°m-°n.
^uf-dpsS Kth-jW hnZym¿∞n-bmbn tN¿∂
kp{_-“Wyw N{μ-ti-J¿ IqSp-X¬ IrXy-X-bp≈
KWn-X-Øn-eqsS sh≈-°p-≈s‚ ]c-am-h[n am v 1.4
kuc-amkv Bbn-cn-°p-sa∂v 1930˛31 ImeØv sXfn-
bn-®p. A°m-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ s]mXp-[m-cW F√m
\£-{X-ß-fpw, Ah-bpsS am v F{Xbmbm-epw, HSp-
hn¬ sh≈-°p-≈-\mbn ]cy-h-km-\n°pw F∂m-bn-
cp-∂p. tÃmWdpw N{μ-ti-J-dp-amWv B [mcW Xncp-
Øn-b-Xv. am v IqSp-tºmƒ \£-{X-°mºv IqSp-X¬
sNdp-Xm-hp-Ibpw 1.4 kuc-am v FØp-tºm-tg°pw
hymkm¿[w ]qPy-ambnØocp-Ibpw sNøpsa∂mWv
N{μ-ti-J¿ ÿm]n-®-Xv. 1.4 kuc-am v BWv "N{μ-
ti-J¿ koa'(Chandra Sekhar limit) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xv. \nco-£-W-^-e-ß-sf√mw CXns\ km[q-I-cn-°p-
∂p-≠v. C∂phsc Is≠-Øn-bn-´p≈ sh≈-°p-≈-∑m-
cn¬(B-bn-c-°-W-°n\v hcpw Ah-bpsS FÆw)
G‰hpw `mcn-®Xv 1.35 kuc-am v D≈ REJ 0317-853
BWv. an° sh≈-°p-≈∑ - m-cp-sSbpw am v Hcp kuc-
am- n-\-Sp-Øm-Wv. hen∏w `qan-tbm-f-hpw.
kt¶m-N-Øns‚ Hcp L´-Øn¬ D≈n-te-°p≈
Kpcp-Xz-k-Ω¿ZsØ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ \£-{X-°m-
ºnse Xm]ob a¿Z-tØ-°mƒ {]mapJyw A]-{`-
„Xm a¿Z-Øn\v ssIh-cp-∂p. AtXmsS Imºns‚
kt¶mNw \ne-bv°p-∂p. CXmWv sh≈-°p-≈≥
F∂ Ah-ÿ.
A]-{`-„X - m-a¿ZsØ sslk≥_¿Kns‚ A\n-
›n-XXz kn≤m¥ap]-tbm-Kn®pw hni-Z-am-°mw.
Ce-t{Œm-Wns‚ ÿe-Ønse A\n-›n-XXzw Δx
F∂pw kwth-KØ - nse A\n-›n-XXzw ΔPx F∂pw
FSp-Øm¬ Δx. ΔPx > h F∂-XmWv A\n-›n-XXz
\nb-a-Øns‚ efn-X-amb cq]w. (h ˛ πm¶v ÿncm-
¶w). \£-{X-°mºv Npcp-ßp-tºmƒ Hmtcm Ce-
t{Œm--Wn\pw e`y-amb ÿew(]-c-am-h[n Δx) Npcp-
ßp-∂p. At∏mƒ ΔPx AX-\p-k-cn®v IqSp-∂p.
kwthKw P bpsS aqeyØn\v ΔPx t\°mƒ Ipd-
bm≥ ]‰n-√-t√m. kwthKw IqSp-tºmƒ a¿Zhpw
IqSpw. Cu a¿Zw Xm]-\n-esb B{i-bn-°p-∂n-√.
X∑qew \£-{X-°m-ºnse Xm]-\ne(^yq-j≥ \S-
°m-Ø-Xp-aq-ew) F{X Ipd-™mepw A]-{`-„Xm
a¿Zw Imºns‚ Npcp-ß-ens\ XS-™p-sIm-≈pw.
Ce-t{Œm--Wp-Iƒ A]-{`-„X ssIh-cn-°m≥ Hcp
\£-{X-°m-ºn-\p-≠m-tI≠ ]Zm¿Y km{μX 1000
In.{Kmw/ L\.-sk.-ao. BsW∂v IW-°m-°p-∂p.
\yqt{Sm-Wp-Iƒ A]-{`-„X ssIh-cn-°m≥ th≠
km{μX L\ sk.-ao.\v e£w-tImSn Intem{Kmw
Bbn-cn-°p-a-t{X.
loenbw ^vfmjpw
πm\‰dn s\_p-ebpw
\£-{X-°mºv sh≈-°p-≈≥ L´-Øn-se-Øp-
tºmƒØs∂ AXnse Xm]- \ ne GI- t Ziw 10
tImSn sI¬hn≥ FØn-bn-cn-°pw. Npcp-ßp-tºmƒ
Kpcp-Xz-_ew kzX-{¥-am-Ip-∂X - p-sIm-≠mWv Xm]-\ne
Db- c p- ∂ - X v . At∏mƒ Imºn\v Np‰pw CXp- h sc
^yqj\v hnt[-b-am-ImsX \n∂n-cp∂ ssl{U-P≥
]mfn-bnepw ^yqj≥ Bcw-`n°psa∂v XpS-°-Øn¬
]d-™-t√m. CXn\v c≠v ^e-ß-fp-≠v. H∂v, ^yqj≥
Np‰pw hym]n-°p-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ hnIn-c-W-a¿Zw
aqew Imºn\v ]pd-Øp≈ \£-{X-`m-K-߃ hnI-kn-
®ph-cpw. \£-{X-tPymXn At\-I-a-Sßv h¿[n-°pw.
\£-{X-Øns‚ samØw hymkw At\-Ia - S- ßv h¿[n-
°p-tºmƒ ]pdw AS-cp-I-fn¬ km{μXbpw Xm]-\n-
ebpw Ipd-bpw. AsXmcp Nph∂ `oa-\mbn(red giant)
amdpw. kqcy≥ Hcp Nph-∏p-`o-a-\mbn amdp∂ ImeØv
_p[\pw ip{I-\p-sa√mw AXn-\p-≈n-em-bn-t∏m-Ipw.
hym]vXw Zi-e-£-Øn-e-[nIw Cc-´n-bm-Ipw.
c≠m-asØ ^e-an-XmWv: Imºn\v ]pd-Øp≈ AS-
cp-I-fn-te°v ^yqj≥ hym]n-°p-tºmƒ AXp-h-gn-
D≠mIp∂ loenbw IqSn Imºn- t e°v hogpw.
Imºns‚ am v IqSpw. hym]vXw Ipd-bpw. Kpcp-Xz-
Du¿Pw kzX-{¥-am-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Xm]-\ne Db-cpw.
Xm]-\ne 10 tImSn sI¬hn≥ FØn-bm¬ {Sn∏nƒ
B¬^m {]{In-bbv°v XpS-°-am-Ipw. AXm-bXv 3
loenbw AWp-tI-{μ-߃ Iq´n-bn-Sn®v Im¿_¨
Bbn amdp-∂p. (3He24 →C612). AXn-t\mSv Hcp loenbw
IqSn tN¿∂v HmIvkn-P\pw XpS¿∂v a‰v aqe-I-ßfpw
cq]-s∏-Smw. hfsc thK-Øn¬ hf-sc-b-[nIw Du¿Pw
D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ Cu ^yqj≥ {]{In-b-Iƒ \£-
{X°m-ºns‚ Xm]-\ne ho≠pw Db¿Øpw. Xm]-\ne
30 tImSn sI¬hn≥ FØn-bm¬ loenbw ^vfmjv
F∂ {]Xn-`mkw kw`-hn°psa∂mWv IW-°m-°p-
∂-Xv. Imºn-ep≈ loenbw H∂n®v Pzen®v Im¿_-
Wmbn amdn At\-I-tImSn kqcy-∑m-cpsS(1014aS-ßv)
Du¿Pw H∂n®v kr„n-°p-∂-XmWv Cu {]Xn-`m-kw.
Nph-∏p-`o-as‚ Imºn\v ]pd-Øp≈ ssl{U-P≥
hmXIw Cu Du¿P{]hm-l-Øn¬ ]pd-tØ°v X≈-
s∏-Spw. Imºn¬ \n∂v AI-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Hcp he-b-
ambn AXv amdpw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Cu hebw hfsc
XWp- Ø Xpw(^yq- j ≥ \ne- ® p- I - g n- ™ p) X∑qew
IdpØXpam-Wv. F∂m¬ Hcp sh≈-°p-≈-\mbn
amdn-°g- n™ Imºn¬ \n∂v henb Af-hn¬ Aƒ{Sm-
h-be- ‰v civan-Iƒ AXn¬ ]Xn-°pw. AXv hmX-IsØ
Ab-Wo-I-cn-°pw. Ab-Wo-Ir-X-hm-XIw Zriy-{]-
Imiw ]pd-Øp-hn-Sp-∂-Xp-hgn hebw Zriy-am-Ipw.
πm\‰-dn s\_p-e-Iƒ F∂m-Wv Cu heb-߃
Adn-b-s∏-Sp-I. πm\‰-dn- s\-_pe AI-∂p-t]m-Ip∂
hmXI he-b-am-Wv. Imºnse sh≈-°p-≈s‚ tim`
{ItaW Ipd-bp-tºmƒ s\_pe Ccp-≠p-t]mIpw;
AZr-iy-am-Ipw. Iptd-°mew sIm≠v \£-{Xm-¥c
kvt]kn¬ hnk- c n- ® p- t ]m- I pw. XpS- ° - Ø n¬
\oe˛sh≈ \nd-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ sh≈-°p-≈\pw
{ItaW Du¿Pw \„-s∏´v a™bpw Nph∏pw \nd-
ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]mbn HSp-hn¬ Ccp-≠p-t]m-Ipw.
F∂m¬ CXn\v {]]-©Ø - ns‚ {]mb-tØ-°mƒ IqSp-
X¬ Imew thWsa∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ccp≠ "sh≈-°p-
≈-∑msc' CXp-hsc ImWm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. F∂m¬
Nne t•m_p-e¿ ¢Ã-dp-I-fn¬ 1200 tImSn-tbmfw
h¿jw {]mb-ap≈ "Nph∂ sh≈-°p-≈∑ - msc' Is≠-
Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
(Xp-S-cpw)
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 53
 km_p tPmkv
sabu9656@gmail.com
kv^Sn-ItKm-f-߃ apX¬
sse‰vtImWp-Iƒ h-sc 1
`q an300˛Ifn¬
tKmfm-Im-c-am-sW∂ hkvXpX _n.-kn.-C.
Xs∂ Nne-sc-¶nepw hniz-kn-®n-cp-
∂p. AcntÃm´n¬ _n.-kn.-C. 340-˛¬ Fgp-Xnb "Hm¨
Zv slh≥kv' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ `qan-bpsS BIr-
Xnsb-°p-dn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. "]c-∂- ]m{Xw' F∂
Bi-b-tØ-°mƒ "Dcp≠ ]¥v' F∂ {]tbm-K-amWv
A\p-tbm-Py-sa∂v At±lw A`n-{]m-b-s∏´p. N{μ-
{K-l-W-k-a-bØv N{μ-\n¬ ]-Xn-°p∂ `qan-bpsS
\ng¬ \nco-£n® At±lw, `qan tKmfm-Im-c-am-b-Xp-
sIm-≠mWv \ng¬ h{Im-Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImWs∏Sp-∂Xv
F∂v -A\p-am\n-®p. `qan hrØm-Im-c-amb Hcp ]m{Xw
t]msebmbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ \ng¬ Zo¿L-hr-Øm-Ir-Xn-
bnemIpambncp-∂p. AXv -am-{X-a√ AcntÃm´nens‚
hmZ-Øn\v _ew \¬In-b-Xv. sXt°m´v bm{X sNøp-
tºmƒ {[ph-\-£-{X-Øns‚ ÿm\-Øn¬ hyXym-k-
ap-≠m-Ip-∂-Xmbn {Ko°v k©m-cn-Iƒ \nco-£n-®n-cp-
∂p. sXt°m´v t]mIp-t¥mdpw {[ph \£{Xw N{I-
hm-f-Øn-\-cn-In-te°v \oßp-∂-Xmbn A\p-`-h-s∏-´p.
{[p-h-\-£-{X-Øns‚ Cu ÿm\-∏-I¿® D]-tbm-Kn®v
AcntÃm´n¬ `qan-bpsS Np‰-fhv IW-°p-Iq-´n. CuPn-
]vXnepw {Koknepw h®v \nco-£n-°p-tºmƒ {[ph
54 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017
\£-{X-Øns‚ Bt]-£nI ÿm\m-¥-c-W-ap-]-tbm-
Kn®v \S-Ønb IW-°p-Iq-´-en¬ `qan-bpsS Np‰-fhv 4
e£w tÃUn-b- B-sW-∂mWv At±lw IW-°m-
°n-b-Xv. Hcp tÃUnbw F∂m¬ GI-tZiw 200 ao‰-
dm-Wv.- C∂sØ IW-°p-Iq-´¬ A\p-kc - n®v `qan-bpsS
Np‰-fhv AcntÃm´n¬ IW-°p-Iq-´n-b-Xns‚ ]Ip-Xn-
tbm-fta D≈q.
`qan Dcp-≠-Xm-sW∂v A\m-bm-k-ambn ÿm]n-
°m≥ Ign-bp∂ as‰m-cp \nco-£-WsØ-fn-hv -IqSn
{Ko°p-Im¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IS-en¬ Zqsc \n∂v
hcp∂ I∏-ens‚ sImSn-acw, ]pI-°p-g¬ F∂n-ßs\
Db¿∂v -\n¬°p∂ `mK-߃ BZy-amZyw ZrjvSn-tKm-
N-c-am-Ip-∂Xv Hcp h{I-X-bm¿∂ {]X-e-Øn¬°qSn
k©-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-sW∂v Ah¿ I-cpXn. `qan-
bpsS BIr-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v G‰hpw IrXy-hpw AXns‚
Np‰-f-hn-s\-°p-dn®v B[p-\nI IW-°p-Iq-´-ep-I-tfmSv
Gsd-°psd tN¿∂p-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb kn≤m-¥-߃
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ AcntÃm´nen\v Ign-™p. imkv{X-
Øn- s ‚bpw XXz- N n- ¥ - b p- s Sbpw Ah- k m- \ sØ
hm°m- b n- c p∂p A°m- e Øv At±lw. F∂m¬
tKmfm-Im-c-amb `qan {]]-©-Øns‚ a[y-Øn¬ Dd-
®p-\n¬°p-I-bm-sW∂pw a‰v BIm-i-tKm-f-ß-sf√mw
h¿Øpf]Y-Øn¬ `qansb {]Z-£nWw hbv°p-I-b-m-
sW-∂pamWv At±lw Icp-Xn-b-Xv. h¿Øpf ]mX-
bmWv G‰hpw ]q¿W-amb k©m-c- ]-Y-sa∂pw, {]]-
©-Øns‚ tI{μ-amb `qansb {]Z-£nWw sNøp-∂-
Xn\v JtKm-f -h-kvXp-°ƒ G‰hpw ]q¿W-amb ]Yw
kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°m-sa∂pw AXn\t±lw hniZoI-c-Ww
\¬In.
AcntÃm´nens‚ Bibw ap∂qdv h¿j-ß-tfmfw
am‰-an-√msX XpS¿∂p. ]n∂oSv kn.-C. BZy -\q-‰m-
≠n¬ t¢mUn-bkv tSmfan Cu Bi-bsØ Iptd-
°qSn hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ {ian-®p. Hcp kºq¿W {]]-
©-am-Xr-Ibmbn-cp∂p tSmf-an-bpsS e£yw. tSmf-an-
bpsS amXr-I-bnepw (Nn{Xw 1) `qan Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p
{]]-©-Øns‚ tI{μw. `qan-°v -Np‰pw F´v kv^SnI
tKmf-ß-fp-≠v. Ah-bn-tem-tcm-∂nepambn N{μt\bpw
kqcyt\bpw {Kl-ßtfbpw(_p-[≥, ip{I≥, sNmΔ,
hymgw, i\n F∂n-ßs\ A©v {Kl-ßsf am{Xta
A∂v Ad-nbp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q) {Iao-I-cn-®n-cn°pw.
kv ^ SnI tKmf- Ø n- \ p- ≈ n- e q- s S- b mWv Ch- b psS
k©mcw. F∂m¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ sNdnb
hyXym-k-ap-≠v. kv^Sn-I-tKm-f-߃°p≈n¬ X∂-
bp≈ sNdnb tKmf-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw {Kl-߃ k©-
cn-°pw. -{K-l-ß-fpsS k©m-c-]Yw IrXy-ambn hni-
Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX h∂-t∏mƒ tSmfan kzoI-cn®
Ipdp-°p-h-gn-bmWv sNdnb tKmf-ß-sf∂ AS-hv \-
bw. F´m-a-sØbpw Ah-km-\-tØXp-amb kv^SnI
tKmf-Øn¬ \£-{X-ßsf Dd-∏n-®n-cn-°pw. Ahbv°v
kzX-{¥-ambn k©-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. AXp-sIm-
≠mWv \£-{X-߃°v ÿm\-am‰w D≠m-Im-Ø-Xv.
F∂m¬ kv^Sn-I-tKm-f-sam-∂msI Id-ßp-∂-p-≠v Xm-
\pw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv cm{Xn-bpsS Ah-km-\- bm-a-
ß-fn¬ \£-{X-ß-sfm-∂msI ÿm\w amdp-∂Xpw
Ah-bv°n-S-bn-ep≈ AIew hyXym-k-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xpw.
F´m-a-sØbpw Ah-km-\-tØ-Xp-amb tKmf-Øn-\-∏p-
d-sa-¥m-sW∂v tSmfan hy‡-am-°p-∂n-√. AXv F¥v
Xs∂-bmbmepw, a\p-jy\v Hcn-°epw ImWm≥ Ign-
bn-√ F∂v Xo¿∏v I¬]n®v, At\z-j-W-Øn-\p≈
sNdnb km[y-X-t]mepw tSmfan AS®v ap{Z-h-®p.
N{μ≥ Xs‚ kzm`m-hnI k©m-c-]-Y-Øn¬ \n∂v
hyXn-N-en®v `qan-bpsS c≠v a-Sßv ASp-tØbv°v
FØp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Nne Ime-ß-fn¬ N{μs‚
hen∏w h¿[n-°p-∂-Xv F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p At±-l-Øns‚
hmZw. _p[s‚ k©m-]-Y-Øn-se -A-]-{ip-Xnsb
]‰nbpw At±lw hnNn-{X-amb Nne hymJym-\ß - f- mWv
\¬In-b-Xv. Ah Xncp-Øn-sb-gp-Xm≥ 20˛mw \q‰m-≠v
-hsc ImØn-cn-t°≠n h∂p.
C∂v ]cn-lm-ky-ambn tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw, tSmf-an-
bpsS amXrI At±-l-Øns‚ ImeØpw XpS¿∂p≈
GXm\pw \q‰m-≠p-I-fnepw BIm-i-h-kvXp-°-fpsS
ÿm\w Gsd-°psd IrXy-ambn {]h-Nn-°p-∂-Xn\v
hm\-\n-co-£-Isc klm-bn-®n-cp-∂p. CØcw {]h-N-
\-ß-fnepw JtKm-f- h-kvXp-°-fpsS ÿm\-Ønepw
Fs¥-¶nepw A{]-Xo-£n-X -am-‰-ap-≠m-I-p-tºmƒ FSp-
Øv D-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]‰p∂ Nne s]mSn-ss°-Ifpw
Xs‚ amXr-I-bn¬ tSmfan Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cp-∂p.
s]mXpsh kzoIm-cy-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw tSmf-an-
bpsS amXr-I -tem-I-sam-´msIsbm∂pw AwKo-I-cn-
°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. C¥y-bnepw ssN\-bn-ep-sa√mw CXn-
\v- k-am-¥c-amb hnhn[ amXr-I-IfmWv hm\-\n-co-
£-I¿ D]-tbm-K-n®n-cp-∂Xv. F∂m¬ {InkvXp-a-X-
Øn\v tSmf-an-bpsS amXrI \t∂ t_m[n-®p. F´m-a-
sØbpw Ah-km-\-sØbpw kv^Sn-I-tKm-f-Øn-\-
∏pdw a\p-jy\v FØn-t®-cm≥ Ign-bmØ Xe-Øn¬
Xß-fpsS hnim-k-{]-am-W-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ kz¿Khpw
\c-Ihpw ÿm]n-°m≥ [mcmfw CS-ap-≠t- √m. ]n∂oSv
\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v tijw {]Xy-£-s∏´ C…mw- a-X-
Øn\pw AXn-\-∏p-d-sam∂pw Nn¥n-°m≥ Ign-™n-√.
C∂pw kz¿Khpw \c-I-hp-sa√mw BIm-i-Øn-em-
sW∂v Icp-Xp∂h¿- Aß-s\-b-s√∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂-
h-cpsS At\I aS-ßp-s≠-∂-dn-bp-tºm-gmWv tSmf-an-
bpsS {]]-©-am-Xr-I-bpsS kzm[o-\-i‡n hy‡-am-
Ip-∂-Xv.
Iptd- ° qSn efn- X - a mb Hcp {]]- © - a m- X rI,
t]mfnjv ]mXn-cn-bmb \nt°m-fmkv tIm∏¿\n-°kv
kn.-C.1514-˛¬ Bhn-jvIcn-®p(Nn{Xw 2). Cu amXr-I-
bn¬ {]]-©-Øns‚ tI{μw `qan-b-√, adn®v kqcy-\m-
Wv. F∂m¬ kqcy≥ {]]©tI{μ-Øn¬ Nen-°msX
\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. `qanbpw a‰v -{K-l-ßfpw hrØ-]-Y-
Øn-eqsS kqcy-\v Np‰pw k©-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ItØm-
en°m hnizm-k-{]-am-W-߃s°-Xn-cmbXn\m¬ Cu
amXrI ]c-ky-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ tIm∏¿\n-°
kv ss[cy-s∏-´n-√. A⁄m-X- I¿XrIw F∂- \n-e-
bn-em-bn-cp-∂p AXns‚ BZy Ah-X-c-Ww. tIm∏¿\n-
°-kns‚ amXrI Bsc-¶nepw Kuc-h-Øn-se-Sp-°p-
∂-Xv Hcp \q‰m-s≠-¶nepw Ign-™mWv. P¿a≥ tPymXn-
im-kv{X-⁄-\mb sbmlm≥ sIπdpw, C‰m-en-b≥
tPymXn-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb Keo-entbm Keo-enbpw
tIm∏¿\n°kv amXr-I-bpsS Bcm-[-Im-cm-bn-cp-∂p.
tIm∏¿\n°kv amXr--Ibnse {]h-N\ - ß
- f
- n¬ ]eXpw
\nco-£-W-sØ-fn-hp-I-fp-ambn tbmPn-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw
tSmf-an-bpsS `qtI-{μ {]-]-©-hy-h-ÿ-tb-°mƒ anI-
®-Xm-bn-cp∂p tIm∏¿\n°-kns‚ kqcy-tI{μ {]]-
©- a m- X rI. F∂m¬ tSmfan \¬In- b- tI{μ-
ÿm\sam∂pw `qan°v Cu amXr-I- \¬Ip-∂n-√.
`qan°v tI{μ-ÿm-\-an-s√-¶n¬ F√mw krjvSn-°-s∏-
´Xv `qan°pw AXnse hninjvS krjvSn-bmb a\p-
jy\pw th≠n-bm-sW∂ aX -hn-izm-k-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-
Ipw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tIm∏¿\n°kv amXr-I-
bpsS h‡m-°ƒs°√mw IWn-i-amb aX-hn-Nm-cW
t\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂p. e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ ImcmKr-l-
hmkw A\p-`-hn®p. \nc-h-[nt∏¿°v Poh≥ \jvS-
ambn. Zqc-Z¿in\n D]-tbm-Kn®v hm\-\n-co-£Ww \S-
Øm- ≥ Keo- e ntbm 1609˛- ¬ Xp\n™- t XmsS
AcntÃm´n¬˛tSm-fan {]]-©-am-Xr-I-I-fpsS Nc-a-°p-
dn∏v Fgp-Xs∏´p. Zqc-Z¿in\nbneqsS hymg-Øns‚ D]-
{K-l-ßsf \nco-£n® Keo-en-tbmbv°v Hcp-Imcyw
hy‡-ambn. tSmfan ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-b√ Imcy-ß-
fpsS KXn. Cu D]-{K-l-߃ `qan-sb-b-√, hymg-sØ-
bmWv {]Z-£nWw sNøp-∂-Xv. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ
`qan Fßs\ F√m-Øn-s‚bpw tI{μ-amIpw? kqcy≥
tI{μ-am-bm¬ Cu {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Spw. am{X-
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 55
 Nn{Xw 1
hp-a√ kqcy-tI-{μnX-amb tIm∏¿\n-°kv amXrI Xmc- ˛¬ "{]n≥kn-]nb amØ-am-‰n°' {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-t∏m-
X-tay\ efn-X-hp-am-Wv. gm-Wv. Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ JtKm-f-h-kvXp-°ƒ ÿe-
C°m-eØ - vX- s∂ sbm-lm≥ sI]vfdpw Nne \nco- Ønepw Ime-Ønepw Fß-s\-bmWv k©-cn-°pI
£-W-߃ \S-Øn. At±lw tIm∏¿\n-°kv amXr- F∂v- hn--iZo-I-cn-°pI am{X-a√ Ah-bpsS Ne-\-
I-bn¬ Nne ]cn-jv°m-c-߃ hcpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p, Øns‚ ka-hm-Iy-߃ cq]o-I-cn-°pIIqSn- sNbvXp.
tIm∏¿\n-°kv amXr-Ib - n¬ {Kl-߃ kqcy\v N - p‰pw CXp-Iq-SmsX {]]-©nI Kcp-Xz- \n-b-a-ßfpw \yq´¨
k©-cn-°p-∂Xv hrØ-]-Y-Øn-em-Wv. F∂m¬ {Kl- Cu {KŸ-Øn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. \yq´s‚ Kpcp-Xz-
ß-fpsS k©m-c-]Yw Zo¿L-hr-Øm-Im-c-am-sW∂v \n-b-a-߃ A\p-k-cn®v {]]-©-Øn-ep≈ hkvXp-°-
sI]vf¿ ÿm]n-®p. B[p-\nI \nco-£W - ß- ƒ sI]vf- sf√mw ]c-kv]cw BI¿jn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu BI¿j-
dpsS coXn- b mWv icn- s b∂v ÿnco- I - c n- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v . W-_ew hkvXp-°-fpsS `mc-Øn\pw Ah XΩn-ep≈
sI]vf¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n® {Kl-N-e-\ -kn-≤m-¥-߃°v AI-e-Øn\pw B\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXm-bXv
C∂pw {]kvI-Xn-bp-≠v. F∂m¬ {Kl-߃ kqcy\v `mcw IqSp-X-ep≈ hkvXp-°-fpsS Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-W-
Np‰pw k©-cn-°p-∂Xv kqcys‚ Im¥-i-‡n- I-m- _ew Ipd™hsb At]-£n®v A[n-I-am-bn-cn-°pw.
cWam-sW-∂mWv sI]vf¿ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv. AsX- Ccp -h-kvXp-°ƒ XΩn-ep≈ AIew IqSp-∂-Xn-\v A-
¥m-bmepw hrØ-]-Y-sa∂ ]q¿W-X-bp≈ am¿K- \p-k-cn®v Ah-bv°n-S-bn-ep≈ Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-W- _ew
Øn¬ \n∂v Zo¿L-hr-Øs - a∂ ]q¿W-X- Ip-d™ ]Y- Ipd-™p-hcpw. hkvXp-°ƒ `qan-bn¬ ]Xn-°p-∂X - n\pw
Øn-te°v JtKm-f- ]n-fiß-fpsS ]mXsb am‰n -{]- D]-{K-l-߃ {Kl-ß-sfbpw, {Kl-߃ kqcy-s\bpw
Xn-jvTn-°m≥ sI]vfd - n\v Ign-™p. `qan-bp-sSbpw kqcy- {]Z-£nWw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw ImcWw Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-
s‚bpw tI{μ-ÿm-\-Øn\v Cf°w kw`-hn-®p-Xp-S-ßp- W -_-e-am-Wv. tIm∏¿\n°-kn-s‚bpw sI]vf-dp-
∂Xpw sI]vf-dn\v tij-am-Wv. sSbpw amXr- I - I - t fmSv tN¿∂p\n¬°p- ∂ Xpw
]n∂o-Sv `uXn-I-im-kv{X-Øn¬ hen-sbmcp hn]vf- F∂m¬ Ah-bpsS G‰hpw ]cn-jvIrX cq]-hp-am-bn-
h-Øn\v Xncn-sIm-fp-Øn-bXv sFk-Iv \yq-´¨ 1687- cp-∂p \yq´¨ krjvSn® {]]-©-am-Xr-I. {]]-©-

56 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017

 (Nn{Xw 2
Øns‚ tI{μw kqcy-\m-sW∂ tIm∏¿\n-°-kns‚
]cn-I¬]\ \yq´¨ s]mfn-s®-gp-Xn. \£-{X-ßs - f√mw
kqcy∑m- c m- s W∂v \yq´¨ ÿm]n- ® p. BIm- i -
Ønse \£-{X-ß-fpsS Bt]-£nI ÿm\w amdm-
ØXv Ah kv^Sn-I-tKm-f-Øn¬ H´n-®p-h-®n-cn-°p-∂-
Xp-sIm-≠-√, adn®v `qan-bn¬ \n∂pw \£-{X-ß-fn-te-
°p≈ Zqcw hfsc A[n-I-am-b-Xn\m¬ Ah-bpsS
k©mcw \nco-£n-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-
≠msW∂pw \yq´≥ hymJym-\n-®p. F∂m¬ BIm-
i- Ø n¬ \mw ImW- p ∂ GXm\pw \£- { X- ß ƒ
am{Xta D≈q F¶n¬ Ah- b psS BI¿jWw
ImcWw \£-{X-ß-sf√mw Hcp s]mXp- Kp-cp-Xz-tI-
{μsØ B[m-c-am°n {`aWw sNtø-≠n-h-cp-sa∂
ssk≤m-¥nI hymJym-\-hp-ambn dn®m¿Uv s_‚ ven
F∂ Nn¥-I≥ 1691-˛¬ \yq´-\pambn kwhm-Z-Øn-\v
F-Øn. F∂m¬ BIm-i-Øn¬ Zriy-amb GXm\pw
\£-{X-ßf - √ {]]-©Ø- n-ep-≈s
- X∂pw, A\-¥a - mb
FÆw \£-{X-߃ A\-¥-ambn hym]n-®n-cn-°p∂
ÿe-Ønepw Ime-Ønepw NnX-dn-°n-S-°p-I-bmWv
F∂pw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ s]mXp-hmb Hcp Kpcp-
Xz-tI{μw F∂ hmZw \ne-\n¬°n-s√∂pw \yq´¨
hni-Zo-I-cn®p. {]]-©-Øn\v Hcp tI{μ-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂
Nn¥- I fpsS Hcp ]cy- h - k m\w IqSnbmbn- c p∂p
\yq´s‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ.
A\-¥-{]-]-©-Øn¬ tI{μ-_nμp Fs∂m-∂n-√.
as‰mcp Xc- Ø n¬ ]d- ™ m¬ GsXmcp ÿm\-
sØbpw tI{μ-ambn ]cn-KW - n-°m≥ Ign-bpw. ImcWw
GsXmcp ÿm\-sØ B[m-c-am°n t\m°n-bmepw
AXns‚ F√m- h-i-ß-fnepw A\¥w \£-{X-ßsf
Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. ]pdta \n∂v A\¥kwJy
\£-{X-ßsf Cu hyh-ÿb - n-te°v Iq´n-t®¿Ømepw
ChnsS \n∂v \o°w sNbvXmepw Cu hyh-ÿ-bn¬
am‰-sam∂pw D≠m-In-√.
F∂m¬ A\-¥-hpw ÿnc-hp-am-b- Cu \yqt´m-
Wn-b≥ {]]-©- k-¶¬]-\-Øn\v C∂v {]k‡n
\jvS-s∏-´p-I-gn-™p. 20˛mw \q‰m-≠n-¬, {]]©w hnI-
kn-°p-I-tbm Npcp-ßp-Itbm sNtø-≠-Xns‚ Bh-
iy-IX imkv{X-tem-I-Øn\v t_m[y-s∏-SpIbp-≠m-
bn. B¬_¿´v sF≥ssÃs‚ ka-hm-Iy-߃ \n¿[m-
cWw sNøp- t ºm- g mWv Cu \nK- a - \ - Ø n¬ Kth-
jItemIw FØn-bX - v. {^oUvam≥, sea-‰¿, Kmtamhv
F∂n-h-cpsS KWn-X-{In-b-Ifpw FUzn≥ l_n-fns‚
\nco-£-Whpw HØp-tN¿∂-t∏mƒ {]]©w hnI-kn-
°p-∂-Xmbn -a-\- n-em-bn. {]]©w A\-¥-Imew
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 57
 s]mXpsh kzoIm-cy-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw tSmf-an-bpsS amXr-I tem-I-sam-
´msIsbm∂pw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ {InkvXp-a-X-Øn\v
tSmf-an-bpsS amXrI \t∂ t_m[n-®p. F´m-a-sØbpw Ah-km-\-sØbpw
kv^Sn-I-tKm-f-Øn-\-∏pdw a\p-jy\v FØn-t®-cm≥ Ign-bmØXe-Øn¬
Xß-fpsS hnim-k-{]-am-W-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ kz¿Khpw \c-Ihpw ÿm]n-°m≥
[mcmfw CS-ap-≠-t√m. ]n∂oSv \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v tijw {]Xy-£-s∏´ C…mw-
a-X-Øn\pw AXn-\-∏p-d-sam∂pw Nn¥n-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. C∂pw kz¿Khpw
\c-I-hp-sa√mw BIm-i-Øn-em-sW∂v Icp-Xp∂h¿- Aß-s\-b-s√∂v
Nn¥n-°p-∂-h-cpsS At\I aS-ßp-s≠-∂-dn-bp-tºm-gmWv tSmf-an-bpsS
{]]-©-am-Xr-I-bpsS kzm[o-\-i‡n hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
apX¬ A\-¥I - mew hsc am‰-an-√msX XpS-cp∂ {]Xn- fnI ]cn-l-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ H∂p-In¬ \£-{X-߃
`m-k-a-s√∂pw AXns‚ D¤-h-Øn\v A{X {]mb-sam- A\-¥-Imew Ahn-sS-bn-s√∂v kΩ-Xn-°-Ww. As√-
∂p-an-s√∂pw hymJym-\n-°-s∏-´p. ¶n¬ \£-{X-ß-tf-t∏mse Pzen-°m≥ Bh-iy-ap≈
\yq´s‚ Kpcp-Xz-\n-ba - ß
- ƒ B{i-bn-®m¬ {]]©w {]Imiw CXphsc \£-{Xm-¥-c- am-[yaw BKn-cWw
hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv F∂ \nK-a-\Øn¬ sNbvXn-´n-s√∂v hymJym-\n-°-Ww. AXp-a-s√-¶n¬
FØn-t®-cm≥ Ign-bn-√. F∂m¬ {Kl-N-e-\-ßfpw hnZq-c \-£-{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ {]Imiw CXp-hsc
JtKm-f-]n-fiß-fpsS ]c-kv]-c- B-I¿j-Whpw \ΩpsS IÆp-I-fn-se-Øn-bn-´n-s√∂v ]d-b-Ww. Im-c-
\yq´s‚ \nb-aß - f\pk-cn-®mWv kw`-hn-°p-∂X.v Cu Ww CXn¬ GXmbmepw A\- ¥ - I mew \ne-
s]mcp-Ø-t°Sv am‰p-∂-Xn\v \yq´s‚ \nb-a-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ Hcp ÿnc{]]-©-sa∂ hmZ-Øn\v \ne-
Nne -t`-Z-K-Xn-Iƒ hcp-Øp-I-bmWv B[p-\nI `uXn- \n¬]p-≠m-In-√.
I-im-kv{X-⁄¿ sNbvX-Xv. Kpcp-Xz-_ew hen-b Zq-c-
ß-fn¬ hnI¿j-W- kz-`mhw ImWn-°p-∂-Xmbn ]cn- {]]-t©m¬]-Øn hnizm-k-߃,
K-Wn-®m¬ \yq´s‚ {Kl-N-e-\-ßfpw Kpcp-Xz- \n-b-a- kn≤m-¥-߃
ßfpw A\p-k-cn-®p-Xs∂ {]]-©-hn-Im-k-sØbpw {]]- t ©m¬]- Ø n--s b°p- d n®v \q‰m- ≠ p- I ƒ°v
hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. kao-]- \£-{X-߃ XΩn- ap≥t]- Xs∂ N¿®- I ƒ XpS- ß n- b n- c p∂p. PqX,
ep≈ BI¿j- W - _ ew hnZq- c - \ - £ - { X- ß - f psS {InkvXy≥, Ckvfmw hnizm-k-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v {]]-©-
hnI¿jWw ImcWw \n¿ho-cy-am-°-s∏Spw F∂v Øn\v Hcp D¬]-Øn-bp-s≠-∂v- am-{X-a√ A[nIw ]g-
thW-sa-¶n¬ Cu kao-]\ - sØ hymJym-\n-°m≥ Ign- °-hp-an-√. {]]-©-Øn\v Hcp XpS-°-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AXn-
bpw. F∂m¬ ChnsS as‰mcp {]iv\w, {Zhy-Øns‚ s\mcp {kjvSmhv thW-sa∂ efn-X-bp-‡n-b-√msX
km{μX a‰v -ta-J-e-Isf At]-£n®v IqSp-X-em-sW- imkv{Xob \nK-a-\-ß-sfm-∂p-a√ CØ-c-samcp hnizm-
¶n¬ km{μ-X Iq-Snb taJ-eI - f- n¬ \£-{X-߃ Kpcp- k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w. {]]-©-krjvSn \S-∂Xv _n.-
Xzm-I¿jWw ImcWw XI¿∂-Sn™v Hcp _nμp-hn- kn.-C. 5000˛m-am-≠n-emsW∂mWv sk‚ v AK-Ãy≥
te-s°m-Xp-ßp-Ibpw km{μX Ipd-™ -ta-J-e-I-fnse hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ss__nƒ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse
\£-{X-߃ hnI¿jWw ImcWw NnX-dn-sØ-dn-°- D¬]-Øn- ]p-kvX-IsØ B[m-c-am-°n-bmWv CØ-
Ibpw thWw. F∂m¬ Cßs\ kw`-hn-°p-∂n-√. csamcp \nK-a-\-Øn¬ At±lw FØn-b-Xv. (I-gn™
P¿a≥ Nn¥I-\mb sl‚n®v Hmƒt_gvkv ÿnc- lna- b pKw Ah- k m- \ n- ® Xv _n.kn.C. 10,000- ˛ ¬
{]-]-©-Øn\v as‰mcp {]l-cw-IqSn G¬]n-®p. 1823˛- BsW-∂-XmWv ck-I-c-amb hkvXp-X-. Cu Ime-L-
¬ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n® Hcp teJ-\Ø - n¬ At±lw apt∂m- ´-Øn¬ `qan-bn¬ \mK-cn-IX DS-se-Sp-Øp-I-gn-™n-cp-
´p-h® "Hmƒ_-dpsS {]tl-fnI' imkv{X-afi-eØn¬ ∂p). F∂m¬ AcntÃm´nens\-t∏m-se-bp≈ {Kn°v
henb N¿®-bm-bn. Hcp A\-¥,- ÿn-c -{]-]-©-Øn¬ Nn-¥-I¿°v {]]-©-krjvSn F∂ Bibw kzoIm-
A\¥w \£-{X-ß-fp-s≠-¶n¬ Ah-bn¬ \n∂p≈ cy-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ImcWw CØ-samcp Bibw Hcp
{]Imiw {]]-©-sam-´msI hym]n-°Ww; A°m-c-W- A\m-hiy ssZhnI ]cn-th-j-Øns‚ CS-s]-S-ep-≠m-
Øm¬ BImiw cm{Xn-˛-]-I¬ t`-Z-an-√msX GXpk- °p-sa∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xn. {]]-©hpw `qanbpw a\p-jy-
a-bhpw {]Im-i-am-\-hp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. F∂m¬ Cß h¿Khpw F√m -Im-ehpw D≠m-bn-cp-s∂∂pw C\nbpw
s\ kw`-hn-°p-∂n√. hnZq-c- \-£-{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ F√m- Im-ehpw D≠m-bn-cn°psa∂p-amWv Ah¿ hniz-
{]Im- i sØ \£- { Xm- ¥ c am[yaw BKn- c Ww kn-®-Xv.
sNbv X n- c n- ° m- s a∂v ÿnc- { ]- ] - © - Ø ns‚ h‡m- XpS-°hpw HSp-°-hp-an-√mØ Hcp A\-¥-{]-]-©-
°ƒ°v hymJym-\n-°m-sa-¶nepw Ahn-sSbpw {]iv\w Øn\v {kjvSm-hns‚ Bh-iy-an-√. F∂m¬
Xocp-∂n-√. \£-{Xm-¥c am[yaw {]Im-isØ BKn- `uXnIimkv{Xw {]]-©-Øn\v Hcp XpS-°-ap-s≠∂v
cWw sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv {ItaW Pzen-°m-\m- hni-Zo-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ AXv AXo-X- `u-Xn-I-Øn-te-
cw-`n-°p-Ibpw \£-{X-ßtft∏mse Xnf-ßp-Ibpw °p≈ hgp-Xn-t∏m-t°m ssZh-im-kv{X-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp
thWw. CXv kw`-hn-°p-∂n-√. Hmƒ_-dpsS {]tl- HØp-Xo¿t∏m BIm-sa∂v Bi-¶-s∏-´-hcpw imkv{X-

58 imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ 2017

tem-IsØ kl-bm-{Xn-I-cm-bp-≠v. FUzn≥ l_n-
fns‚ 1929-˛se \nco-£-W-߃ hnZq-c-\-£-{X-k-aq-l-
߃ AXn- t h- K - X - b n¬ ]d- ∂ - I - e p- I - b m- s W∂v
km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn. {]]©w hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ hnIm-k-th-K-X- I-W-°p-Iq-
´m≥ Ign-™m¬, Cu {]bm-WsØ ]nt∂m´v IW-
°m-°n- AXn-s\mcp XpS-°-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ImWm≥
Ign-bpw. {Zthym¿Pkm{μX A\-¥-amb Hcp _nμp-
hn¬ \n-∂m-IWw {]]©w D¤-hn-®-Xv. B[p-\nI
ImesØ IW-°p-Iq-´-ep-I-ƒ h®v {]]©w D¤hn-
®Xv GI-tZiw 1382 tImSn h¿j-߃°v apºmWv
F∂ \nK-a-\-Øn¬ FØm≥ Ign-bpw. F∂m¬
{Zthym¿P-km-{μX A\-¥-amb Hcp sshNn-{Xy-_n-
μp-hn-ep-≠mb alm-hn-kvt^m-S-\sØ \nXy-Po-hn-X-
Ønse DZm-l-c-W-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv hni-
Zo-I-cn-°m≥ km[n-°n-√. \yq´s‚ ¢mkn-°¬ `uXn-
I-Øn\pw, 20˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ]nd∂ G‰hpw ka-{K-
kn≤m¥sa∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ sF≥ssÃs‚
kmam\y Bt]-£n-I-Xbv°pw, sshNn-{Xy-_n-μphpw
AXn-ep-≠mb alm-hn-kvt^m-S\ - hpw hni-Zo-Ic - n-°m≥
Ign-bn-√. ImcWw alm-hn-kvt^m-S\w Izm≠w _e-
X-{¥-]-c-amb Hcp km[y-X -am-{X-am-Wv. D∂X Du¿P-
\n-eb- n¬ kq£vat- em-IØ - ns‚ Ncy-Iƒ hnh-cn-°m≥
\nc-h[ - n- im-kv{X-⁄¿ tN∂v cq]w-sIm-SpØ KWnX
{]am-W-ß-fmWv Izm≠w sa°m-\n°vkv. 20˛mw \q‰m-
≠ns‚ BZy- Z-iI - ß
- f
- n¬ cq]w-sIm-≠Xpw Ct∏mgpw
hnI-k\ - - ]mX-bnep≈-Xp-amb Izm≠w`uXn-IØ - ns‚
`mj-bn¬ {]]-t©m¬]-Øn- hn-h-cn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.
XpS¿∂v Ctßm-´p≈ ÿqe-{]-]-©-Øns‚ hnImkw
hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v kmam-\y-B-t]-£n-I-Xbpw {]]-©-
Øns‚ kao] CS-ß-fnse {]h¿Ø-\-ß-tf-°p-dn®v
hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ¢mkn-°¬ `uXn-Ihpw ]cym-
]vXa- m-Wv.F - ∂
- m¬ Cu {]am-Wß - s- fm∂pw Xs∂ Hcp
{kjvSm-hn-\p≈ CSw \¬Ip-∂p-an-√. alm-hn-kvt^m-
S\w kvt]kns‚ am{Xw XpS-°-a-√. Ime-Øns‚ XpS-
°hpw AXn¬ \n∂m-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. kvt]kvssSw
˛ÿe-Imew˛ F∂mWv B[p-\n-I- imkv{Xw {]m]-
©n-I -Xn-c-io-e-sb -hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv. ÿehpw Imehpw
D¤-hn® alm-hn-kvt^m-S-\-Øn\v "apºv' F∂Xv
A¿∞-iq-\y-amb Hcp {]tbmK-am-Wv. C√mØ ÿe-
Im-e-Øn¬ Fhn-sS-bmWv Hcp {kjvSm-hn\v CSw
\¬IpI? C\n AØ-c-samcp km¶¬]nI CS-Øn-
ep≈ km¶¬]nI {kjvSmhv F¥n-\mWv alm-hn-
kvt^m-S-\-Øn-\mbn ImØn-cp-∂Xv? AXv B i‡n-
bpsS kzIm-cy-X-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-®m¬ Xs∂ F¥n-
\m-Wn-{Xbpw \£-{X-ßfpw kvt]kns‚ A\-¥-hn-
im-e-Xbpw? F¥n-\mWv Cu {]]-©sØ hnI-kn-
∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv? F¥m-Wn-Xns‚ Ah-km\w?
CØcw tNmZy-߃s°m∂pw DØcw \¬Im≥ aX-
߃ A\p-im-kn-°p∂ hnizm-k-{]-am-W-߃°v Ign-
bn-√.- {]]-©Ø - ns‚ D¤-hØ - nt\m ]cn-Wm-aØ - nt\m
Hcp {kjvSm-hns‚ Bh-iy-hp-an-√.
\ΩpsS kqcy\pw kao-]-Øp≈ \£-{X-ß-fp-
sa√mw £oc-]Yw F∂ \£-{X-k-aq-l-Ønse AwK-
ß-fm-Wv. 20˛mw- \p-‰m-≠ns‚ ]q¿hm¿≤-Øn¬ t]mepw
{]]-©-sa-∂m¬ Cu Kme-Ivkn- am-{X-am-sW-∂mWv
Bfp-Iƒ Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS amXr-Km-e-Ivkn-
bmb £oc-]Yw {]]-©-Ønse tImSn-°-W-°n\v
\£-{X- k-aq-l-ß-fn¬ H∂p-am-{X-am-sW∂v FUzn≥
l_nƒ F∂ Ata-cn-°≥ tPymXn-im-kv{X-⁄≥
1924˛-¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®p. Cu \£-{X-߃°n-Sbn¬
iq\y-ÿ-e-Øns‚ henb CS-\m-gn-I-fp-s≠∂pw
l_nƒ ka¿Yn-®p. AXn-\mbn Kme-Ivkn-Iƒ°n-S-
bn-ep≈ Zqcw IW-°p-Iq-´m-\mWv At±lw BZy-
ambn {ian-®-Xv. `qan-bpsS kqcy-\v -Np-‰p-ap≈ k©m-
csØ B[m-c-am°n \£-{X-ß-fpsS Bt]-£n-I-
ÿm\w IW-°p-Iq´n kao-] \ - £
- {- X-ßfnte°v `qan-
bn¬ \n∂p≈ AIew Is≠- Ø m≥ Ign- b pw.
F∂m¬ Kme-Ivkn-Iƒ hfsc AIsebmb-Xn-\m¬
`qan-bpsS Ne\w Ah-bpsS Bt]-£nI ÿ\-Øn¬
am‰-ap-≠m-°n-√. Ah Hcp ÿeØv Dd-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-
sW∂v tXm∂pw. AXn-\m¬ Ah-bn-te-°p≈ Zqcw
Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v a‰v am¿K-ßsf B{i-bn-t°-≠n-h-
cpw.
\£-{X-ß-fpsS {]Xy-£-tim` c≠v -Imcy-ß-sf-
bmWv B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. Ah-bpsS tIhe Im¥n-
I-am-\hpw Ahbv°v `qan-bn¬ \n∂p≈ AI-e-hp-
amWv Ah. kao-]- \-£-{X-ß-fpsS {]Xy-£-tim-
`bpw Ah- b n- t e- ° p≈ Zqchpw Is≠- Ø n- ° - g n-
™m¬ \£-{X-Øns‚ tIhe tim` IW-°p-Iq-
´m≥ Ign-bpw. as‰mcp coXn-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ \£-{X-
Øns‚ tIh-e-tim-`bpw {]Xy-£-tim-`bpw Is≠-
Øm≥ Ign-™m¬ \£-{X-Øn-te-°p≈ Zqcw IW-
°m-°m≥ Ign-bpw. £oc-]-Y-Ønse \£-{X-ßsf
Ah-bpsS tim`- A-\p-k-cn®v h¿Ko-I-cn-°p-I- F∂-
XmWv l_nƒ BZyw sNbvXXv. CØcw hnhn[
{Kq∏p-If- n-ep≈ \£-{X-߃ F√m Kme-Ivkn-If - nepw
D≠m- I p- s - a ∂v At±lw hmZn- ® p. kao- ] - Ø p≈
CØcw \£-{X-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Zqcw IW-°m-°m≥
Ign-™m¬ kam\tim`-bp≈ \£-{X-ßfSßnb
Kme-Ivkn-Iƒ°n-S-bn-ep≈ Zqchpw IW-°p-Iq-´m≥
Ign-bpw. Cu coXn D]-tbm-Kn®v H≥]Xv \£-{X -k-
aq-l-߃°n-S-bn-ep≈ Zqcw l_nƒ IW-°p-Iq-´n.
{]]-©Ønse ]Xn-\m-bncw tImSn-bn¬∏c-ap≈
\£-{X-k-aq-l-ß-fn¬ H∂v am-{X-amWv \ΩpsS amXr-
Km-e-Ivkn-bmb £oc-]-Y-sa∂v C∂v \ap-°-dn-bmw.
Hmtcm \£-{X-k-aq-l-Ønepw ]Xn-\m-bncw tImSn-
bn¬∏cw \£-{X-ß-fp-ap-≠m-Ipw. GI--tZiw Hcp
e£w {]Im-i-h¿jw hymk-ap≈ Hcp k¿∏n-f-Km-e-
Ivkn-bmWv £oc-]Yw. kmh-[m\w {`aWw sNøp∂
Cu Kme-Ivkn-bpsS k¿∏nf Ic-߃°v AXns‚
tI{μsØ Hcp XhW {]Z-£nWw sNøm≥ GI-
tZiw 10 tImSn `ua- h ¿j- ß ƒ Bh- i y- a m- W v .
\ΩpsS amXr-\-{£-{X-amb kqcy≥ £oc-]-Y-Ønse
icm-icn hen-∏-ap≈ Hcp a™-\-£-{X-am-Wv. £oc-
]YØns‚ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂pw 26,000 {]Im-i-h¿jw
AIse Hcp _mly-k¿∏nf Ic-Øn-emWv kqcys‚
ÿm\w. {]]-©-Øns‚ tI{μw `qan-bm-sW-∂p≈
AcntÃm´n¬˛tSm-fan amXr-I-I-fn¬ \n∂v B[p-\nI
`uXn-I-imkv{Xw _lp-Zqcw ap∂n-embn°gn-™p.
XpScpw
Pq¨ 2017 imkv{X-KXn 59
 lc-W-^ew sI. kXojv
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Printed & Published by P.Muraleedharan on behalf of Kerala Sasthrasahithya Parishad & Printed at A-One Offset Printers, Ramanattukara, Calicut-1
and published at Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 673 002. Editor-Dr. N.Shaji Approved by CSIR for financial support
Volume 51 No12, Sasthragathy 2017 June 60 Pages
SASTHRAGATHY Regd.No.KL/CT/89/2015-17
JUNE 2017 Regd with Newspaper Registrar of India
Vol.51 No 12 Under Regd.No. 17002/68
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Date of Publication : 01.06.2017 Posted at Calicut RMS 01st, 02nd of every month

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