M U S E O D E

L A S
F I L I P I N A S
W e a p o n s f r o m A n c i e n t - M i d d l e A g e s

W E A P O N S SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND

A  weapon,  arm  or  armament  is any SOCIETY
implement or device that can be used with
intent to inflict damage or harm. Weapons
are used to increase the efficacy and GROUP (4) FOUR CONSIST OF
efficiency of activities such THREE MEMBERS
as  hunting,  crime,  law enforcement,  self-
defense, and  warfare. In broader context,
weapons may be construed to include MUSEUM BROCHURE (2) TWO
anything used to gain a tactical, strategic, SAMPLE 
material or mental advantage over an
adversary or enemy target.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Things that you can see in the Museum

when you come and see!!!

03 Vine Superstar

03 05
05 Back to School
07 Social Media
16 Youth 2021

04 06
18 Scholarships
20 Millionaire at 18
24 New Yorker Teen
Vine Superstar Kasy Jaime Blake models
reached 7M followers for Youth 2021
26 Her first tattoo
28 Acing senior high
27 Music Trends
30 Jenna's Yard Sale
34 Vial 2021

07 09 37
40
Jen Rice
Teen Artist

08
An 18-year-old made his
10
The Teenage Girl from
July 2021
popstarmag.com
first million New York

11 13
12
Yard sale profit goes to
14
Photographer Emma
charity by Jenna Smith covers Vial 2021

15 17
16
Jen Rice speaks about
18
13-year-old artist
 mental health Megan Tan

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 Longsword
Late Middle Ages, Renaissance, c. 1200–1700

A longer-bladed sword with a bigger handle,

longswords were
popular in the late Medieval and Renaissance
periods. They soon fell out of
favor as swords became less important on the
battlefield.
The expression  fechten mit dem langen
schwert  ("fighting with the long sword") in
the German school of fencing denotes the style of
fencing which uses both hands at the hilt; fechten
mit dem kurzen schwert  ("fighting with the short
sword") is used in  half-sword  fighting, with one
hand gripping the blade. The two terms are
largely equivalent to "unarmoured fighting"
(blossfechten) and "armoured fencing" (fechten
im harnisch).

A  longsword  (also spelled as  long sword  or  long-

sword)isa type of European  sword  characterized
as having a cruciform hilt with a grip for two-
handed use (around 16 to 28  cm (6 to 11  in)), a
straight double-edged blade of around 85 to
110 cm (33 to 43 in), and weighing approximately
1 to 1.5 kg (2.2 to 3.3 lb).

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Knightly
Sword
EUROPEAN HIGH MIDDLE
AGES

In the European  High Middle Ages, the
typical  sword  (sometimes academically
categorized as the  knightly sword,  arming
sword, or in full, knightly arming sword) was a
straight,  double-edged  weapon with a single-
handed,  cruciform  (i.e., cross-shaped)  hilt  and
a blade length of about 70 to 80 centimetres
(28 to 31  in). This type is frequently depicted
in period artwork, and numerous examples
have been preserved archaeologically.
The high medieval sword of the  Romanesque
period  (10th to 13th centuries) developed
gradually from the  Viking sword  (spatha) of
the 9th century. In the  Late Medieval
period (14th and 15th centuries), late forms of
these swords continued to be used, but often
as a  sidearm, at that point called "arming
swords" and contrasting with the two-handed,
heavier longswords.

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Longbow
WALES, MEDIEVAL PERIOD 13TH CENTURY

A bow that stands as tall as its shooter, longbows dominated

battlefields from the Bronze Age to the 1600s, firing a powerful
arrow a great
distance.

Longbows for  hunting  and  warfare  have been made from many
different woods by many cultures; in Europe they date from
the  Paleolithic, and since the  Bronze Age  were made mainly
from  yew, or from  wych elm  if yew was unavailable. The historical
longbow was a  self bow  made of a single piece of wood, but
modern longbows may also be made from modern materials or by
gluing different timbers together.

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 Lantern Shield
Leta-Leta Cave, northern Palawan

A combination shield, light, and weapons system, the lantern

shield was carried mostly in Renaissance Italy. It was an armored glove with a
shield attached that allowed its user to hide various weapons, and to bring their
own illumination for pre-dawn combat. Many were ornate and unwieldy, and
the design fell out of favor.

The  lantern shield  is a small  shield  combined with a  lantern, in use during
the  Italian Renaissance  (15th and 16th century Italy) especially for
nighttime  duels. A number of specimens survive. Their defining feature is a
small circular shield – a  buckler  – combined with a lantern, or a hook from
which to hang a lantern, intended to blind the opponent at night or in duels
fought at dawn.Some more elaborate examples might incorporate  gauntlets,
spikes, sword blades, and also a mechanism to alternatively darken or release
the light of the lantern.

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 Spear
MODERN ERA 400 YEARS

Maybe the most iconic weapon in human history, crude spears were
being used as far back as 400,000 years ago. A simple shaft with a
pointed head, they've been made of everything from flint to steel,
and used in virtually every culture under a variety of names.

A spear is a pole weapon consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with

a pointed head. The head may be simply the sharpened end of the
shaft itself, as is the case with  fire hardened  spears, or it may be
made of a more durable material fastened to the shaft, such
as flint, obsidian, iron, steel or bronze. The most common design for
hunting or combat spears since ancient times has incorporated a
metal spearhead shaped like a triangle, lozenge, or leaf. The heads
of fishing spears usually feature barbs or serrated edges.The
word  spear  comes from the  Old English  spere, from the Proto-
Germanic  speri, from a  Proto-Indo-European  root  *sper-  "spear,
pole". Spears can be divided into two broad categories: those
designed for thrusting in  melee  combat and those designed for
throwing (usually referred to as javelins).

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 Battle Axe
Paleolithic period for hundreds of thousands of years

A mainstay of soldiers all over the world, battle axes came in countless variations, sizes,
and materials. They were used from the Stone Age through the 1600s, when gunpowder
made them obsolete.

A  battle axe  (also  battle-axe,  battle ax, or  battle-ax) is an  axe  specifically designed for
combat. Battle axes were specialized versions of utility axes. Many were suitable for use
in one hand, while others were larger and were deployed two-handed.Axes designed for
warfare ranged in weight from just over 0.5 to 3  kg (1 to 7  lb), and in length from just
over 30  cm (1  ft) to upwards of 1.5  m (5  ft), as in the case of the  Danish axe  or
the  sparth axe. Cleaving weapons longer than 1.5  m would arguably fall into the
category of polearms.

Battle axes generally weigh far less than modern splitting axes, especially  mauls,
because they were designed to cut legs and arms rather than wood; consequently,
slightly narrow slicing blades are the norm. This facilitates deep, devastating wounds.
Moreover, a lighter weapon is much quicker to bring to bear in combat and manipulate
for repeated strikes against an adversary

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 Gladius
Roman Empire 3rd century BC

Though many variations existed, the traditional sword of the

Roman Empire was a short blade with no crossguard. It was carried by the Roman
Legions, as well as gladiators.

Gladius  (/ˈɡleɪdiəs/  GLAY-dee-əs, Classical Latin:  [ˈɡladɪ.ʊs]) was one Latin word
for  sword, and is used to represent the primary sword of  Ancient Roman  foot soldiers.
Early ancient Roman swords were similar to those of the Greeks, called xiphos. From the
3rd century BC, however, the Romans adopted swords similar to those used by
the Celtiberians and others during the early part of the conquest of Hispania.

This sword was known as the  gladius hispaniensis, or "Hispanic  sword".A fully equipped
Roman  legionary  after the  reforms of Gaius Marius  was armed with a shield (scutum),
one or two javelins (pila), a sword (gladius), often a dagger (pugio), and, perhaps in the
later empire period, darts (plumbatae). Conventionally, soldiers threw  pila  to disable
the enemy's shields and disrupt enemy formations before engaging in close combat, for
which they drew the  gladius. A soldier generally led with the shield and thrust with the
sword.

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 Scimitar
Middle East from at least the Ottoman period

Instantly recognizable by its long, curved blade,

scimitars were carried by soldiers and cavalry all
over the Middle East. Everyone from the Mongols
to Turks to Indian rajputs took the scimitar into
battle for hundreds of years.

A  scimitar  (/ˈsɪmɪtər/  or  /ˈsɪmɪtɑːr/) is

a  backsword  or  sabre  with a curved blade,
originating in the Middle East.The curved sword or
"scimitar" was widespread throughout the  Middle
East  from at least the  Ottoman period, with early
examples dating to  Abbasid era  (9th
century) Khurasan.

The Persian sword now called "shamshir" appears

by the 12th century and was popularized in Persia
by the early 16th century.

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 Haladie
Middle East from at least the Ottoman period

A double-edged blade used by ancient Indian rajput warriors, as well as in ancient Syria.
Some had three blades or extra spikes.

The haladie is a double-edged dagger from ancient Syria and India, consisting of two curved
blades, each approximately 8.5 inches (22 cm) in length, attached to a single hilt.

The weapon was used by warriors of the Indian Rajput clans, and was both a stabbing and
slicing blade. Some haladie had spikes on one side of the handle in the style of a  knuckle
duster, while others had a third blade in this position.[citation needed]  In some cases the
main blades would be serrated.

The haladie is believed to be one of the world's first triple-edged blades

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 Flail
Ancient Egypt (Quebec)

Spiked ball-and-chain that was heavily used by medieval warriors and peasants. They
came in two varieties - two handed agricultural flails, and the more well-known one-
handed version.

A  flail  is an  agricultural  tool used for  threshing, the process of separating  grains  from
their  husks.It is usually made from two or more large sticks attached by a short chain;
one stick is held and swung, causing the other (the swipple) to strike a pile of grain,
loosening the husks.

The precise dimensions and shape of flails were determined by generations of farmers
to suit the particular grain they were harvesting. For example, flails used by farmers
in  Quebec  to process  wheat  were generally made from two pieces of wood, the handle
being about 1.5  m (4.9  ft) long by 3  cm (1.2  in) in diameter, and the second stick being
about 1 m (3.3 ft) long by about 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter, with a slight taper towards the
end. Flails for other grains, such as rice or spelt, would have had different dimensions.

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 Ranseur
Medeival period 17th century

An extremely long pole-arm with a three-pronged blade or spear tip and pointed cross-
guard at the top. They were effective against mounted cavalry, and resemble a long
trident.

A  ranseur, also called  roncone, was a  pole weapon  similar to the  partisan  used in
Europe up to the 15th century.

It was still seen in court as a ceremonial weapon through the 17th century.Often
thought to be a derivation of the earlier  spetum, the head of a ranseur consists of
a  spear-tip affixed with a cross  hilt  at its base. Often this hilt is crescent-shaped,
giving it an appearance similar to that of a trident. Generally, the hilts do not have
a cutting edge, unlike the double-edged partisan. Ranseurs are generally six feet
or longer.

The spearing function of the weapon is apparent but not always effective against
armor of great protection. The deflection includes the trapping of opponents'
weapons in the space below the main blade, where a twist of the shaft can apply
pressure from that moment on at long range, and of pulling mounted opponents
from the saddle.

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Zweihaender
Medeival period 17th century

An immense sword that weighed as much as 10

pounds ("Zweihaender"  is German for "two-
hands"), these were
used by German and Swiss mercenaries to cut the
heads off pikes.

Zweihänder  swords developed from

the  longswords  of the  Late Middle Ages  and
became the hallmark weapon of the
German  Landsknechte  from the time
of  Maximilian I  (d. 1519) and during the  Italian
Wars of 1494–1559. The Goliath Fechtbuch (1510)
shows an intermediate form
between longsword and Zweihänder.

These swords represent the final stage in the

trend of increasing size that started in the 14th
century. In its developed form,
the  Zweihänder  acquired the characteristics of
a polearm rather than a sword due to their large
size and weight and therefore increased range
and striking power. Consequently, it was not
carried in a sheath but across the shoulder like
a halberd.By the second half of the 16th century,
these swords had largely ceased to have a
practical application, but they continued to
see ceremonial or representative use well into the
17th century. Some ceremonial zweihänder,
called "bearing-swords" or "parade-swords"
(Paradeschwert), were much larger and weighed
about 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms).

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“Any weapon is a
good weapon as
long as ye can
use it with honor
and skill.”

― Brian Jacques, High

Rhulain