Mapua Institute of Technology

School of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering

ECE123 - A11
Prototype for Communications 3
Yagi - Uda Antenna

Ayson, Darence
Go, Jonathan Kevin
Serdon, Mark Zaidy M.

Engr. Jose B. Cardenas ‘

Instructor
I. Letter of Transmittal

December 7, 2011

School of EE-ECE-Cpe
Mapua Institute of Technology
Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila

Dear Engr. Jose B. Cardenas,

In compliance with the fulfillment of the requirements on the subject

“Communications 3 Lecture”, we will be submitting the prototype, “3
Element Yagi Array”, in accordance with your instructions.

This documentation includes information with regards to the prototype’s

operation and principles. It also includes the project circuit diagram that has
been used.

We present and hand over my prototype to you and may you accept it.

Thank you!

Sincerely yours,

Ayson, Darence

Go, Jonathan Kevin

Serdon, Mark Zaidy

II. Acknowledgement:

First of all, we would like to thank God for giving the skills to

accomplish the task given to us. We would like to thank our professor, Engr.

Jose B. Cardenas, in giving us this opportunity to make an antenna. We

would also like to thank Werner Enterprises for providing us the supplies

needed as well as giving wonderful tips in making the said antenna.

We would like to thank our parents for giving us financial provisions

and parental permissions to accomplish our project.

III. Theories and Principles Involved

In order to understand the operation of a Yagi-Uda, a simple antenna

consisting of a reflector, driven element and a single director as discussed in

the previous section will be studied. The driven element is typically a λ/2

dipole and is the only member of the structure that is excited. With all the

other elements being parasitic, the antenna can be thought.

The reflector being longer than λ/2 has an inductive reactance which

means the current phase lags that of the voltage. The directors on the other

hand, being shorter than λ/2 has a capacitive reactance with the voltage

phase lagging that of the current. With the voltage across the driven

element being in phase with the induced voltages across the parasitic
elements, the current in the reflector lags the current in the driven element

which in turn lags the current in the director. The antenna can therefore be

thought of as a phased array, a group of antennas in which the

relative phases of the respective signals feeding the antennas are varied in

such a way that the effective radiation pattern of the array is reinforced in a

desired direction and suppressed in undesired directions, with each of the

elements being excited by a current with a progressive phase shift, starting

from the reflector. By tuning the lengths of the reflector and directors and

the distance between the elements, the antenna beam is directed towards

one angle increasing the gain.

IV. Designed Considerations and Limitations

Design Consideration:

The antenna project is designed to cover and radiate signals over 174

Mhz – 554 Mhz. With this frequency range, it is supposedly to provide us

with clear reception for the channels of GMA7 and Channel 27. This makes

the reception of channels covered by the frequency range or bandwidth

clear. In designing the project, the group considered the center frequency

which is calculated by means of the square root of the product of the

frequency boundaries. Then, the group also considered the lengths of the

dipole, director, and reflector, as well as the length of the boom itself. The

proper spacing is also a factor in which the group considered it to be

approximately equal to a factor of 0.2. The length of the coaxial cable is

considered since it is an antenna that is usually placed out-door, the group

provided longer cable at approximately 3.00m.

Limitations:

The project is only limited to a 3 element antenna namely: director,

dipole, and reflector. This is the simplest form of antenna since it only

consists of the 3 main elements with fixed computed length that is based on

the bandwidth given. The antenna can’t focus all the channels with good

reception at specific direction. It can focus one channel after rotating the

antenna toward the main transmitting antenna of the said channel.

V. Design Calculations and Diagrams
3 element yagi array (174 - 554 Mhz)

𝐹𝑈 = 554MHz n = 3; 3 element
𝐹𝐿 = 174MHz

Center Frequency (𝐹𝐶 )

𝐹𝑐 = √𝐹𝑈 ∗ 𝐹𝐿
𝐹𝑐 = √554𝑀 ∗ 174𝑀
𝐹𝑐 = 310.4771 𝑀𝐻𝑧

Wavelength (λ)
𝐶
λ=𝐹
𝑐
3𝑥108
λ = 310.4771 𝑥106
λ= 0.96625m

Length of the Driven Element

𝜆 0.96625
= = 0.483125 𝑚
2 2

Length of the Reflector

0.55𝜆 = (0.55)(0.96625) = 0.5314375 𝑚

Length of the Director

0.45𝜆 = (0.45)(0.96625) = 0.4348125 𝑚

Spacing of Reflector and the Driven Element

0.19𝜆 = (0.19)(0.96625) = 0.1835875 𝑚

Spacing of Director and the Driven Element

0.17𝜆 = (0.17)(0.96625) = 0.1642625 𝑚

VI. Tabulated List of materials (include prices)

Materials Quantity Cost

Alloy element 3m
Aluminum Boom 1m
BALUN(Balance-unbalance) 1 pc
Boom Cap 2 pcs
Element Cap 6 pcs
Coaxial Cable 3m
Dipole Connector 3 pc
Electrical Tape 1 pc
Total: 00.00 Php

VII. Group at work (photos)