Human Rights, Peace Education and
Globalization mechanisms of accountability for the
Human Rights
• Human Rights refers to the concept
of human beings as having universal
natural rights, or status, regardless of
legal jurisdiction or other localizing,
such as ethnicity, nationality, and sex
• Set of standards that guarantee a
life befitting a rational human being
• Are basic and minimum standards
without which people can’t live in dignity
Basic Principles of the Human Rights
Framework
• Universality:
– Human rights must be afforded to
everyone, without exception.
– The entire premise of the framework
is that people are entitled to these rights
simply by virtue of being human.
• Indivisibility:
– Human rights are indivisible and
interdependent, which means that in
order to guarantee civil and political
rights, a government must also ensure
economic, social and cultural rights (and
visa versa).
– The indivisibility principle
recognizes that if a government violates
rights such as health, it necessarily
affects people’s ability to exercise other
rights such as the right to life.
• Participation:
– People have a right to participate in
how decisions are made regarding
protection of their rights.
– This includes but is not limited to
having input on government decisions
about rights.
– To ensure human rights,
governments must engage and support
the participation of civil society on these
issues.
• Accountability:
– Governments must create
enforcement of rights.
– It is not enough that rights are
recognized in domestic law or in policy
rhetoric, there must actually be effective
measures put in place so that the
government can be held accountable if
those rights standards are not met
• Transparency:
– Transparency means that
governments must be open about all
information and decision-making
processes related to rights.
– People must be able to know and
understand how major decisions
affecting rights are made and how public
institutions, such as hospitals and
schools, which are needed to protect
rights, are managed and run.
• Non-Discrimination:
– Human rights must be guaranteed
without discrimination of any kind.
– This includes not only purposeful
discrimination, but also protection from
policies and practices which may have a
discriminatory effect.
Foundation of Human Rights
• Physiological needs
– are a must for human survival in
this universe.
– They may include food, clothing,
shelter, water and medical care. In order
to ensure the right to live, these basic
needs must be provided to human
beings. Also, they must be provided in
proper quantity and quality.
• Psychological needs
– are related to the mental makeup of
a person.
– These needs are reflected in terms
of achievement, mental satisfaction and
feelings of dignity.
– The mind of a person should be free
from worries, anxieties and mental
tensions, so that he/she is able to
perform his/her best.
• Social needs
– relate to the interaction of men,
women and children in group situations.
– A child who needs protection from
outside dangers may hide himself/
herself in the lap of his/her mother.
– Similarly a grown up person needs
security against anti-social elements, i.e.
robbers, terrorists and cheats etc.
Society demands that all human beings
should work in a cohesive manner, so
that they develop a sense of belonging
and identification with their society.
• Economic needs
– are vital for human survival and
well being.
– In the modern society, most of the
human needs are met by money, so
much so, that money has become the
fundamental need of a person.
What are the four characteristics of
human rights?
• Inherent - essential part or our
lives, intrinsic
• Universal - people have human
rights whoever they are and wherever
they are
• Indivisible - human rights must be
enjoyed by everyone in its full range
• Inalienable - can’t be taken away
or transferred (but can be limited when
the exercise of it is an affront to the
rights of others.
Classification of Human Rights
According to nature
1. Civil Rights – pertains to rights
belonging to a person by reason of
citizenship (e.g.. right to a name, right to
freedom from discrimination, right to
equality before the law, right to public
trial, right to marry, right to leave a
country, etc.)
2. Political Rights – enables the people
to participate in running or influencing
the administration of the government
(e.g. right to vote, right to freedom of
expression, right to free and periodic
elections, etc.)
3. Economic Rights – pertains to
access to resources- such as land, labor,
physical, and financial capital- that are
essential for the creation, legal
appropriation, and market exchange of
goods and services (e.g. right to work,
right to own property, right to adequate
standard of living, etc. )
4. Social Rights – relates to living
together or enjoying life in communities
or organized groups (e.g. right to social
security, right to social welfare,
etc.)
5. Cultural Rights – ensures the well-
being of the individual and foster the
preservation, enrichment and dynamic
evolution of arts, manners and way of
living of a group with principles of unity
in diversity of expression ( e.g. right to
take part in the cultural life, right to
enjoy the benefits of scientific progress
and its application.
According to recipient
1. Individual Rights – are rights
that may be exercise by every individual
2. Collective/Group Rights – are rights
given to a specified vulnerable group
which may be exercised because of one’s
membership to such community such as
the right to development, women’s
rights, children’s rights, and indigenous
people’s rights
According to source
1. Natural Rights – are rights
believed to be based on reason or given
by Supreme Being. They already existed
before they were recognized by law.
2. Legal Rights/ Statutory Rights – are • It took effect on September 2, 1990
rights recognized by laws is the most broadly ratified treaty with
191 signatories.

According to implementation
Main groups of children’s rights
1. Immediate – are those rights that
States can readily implement because • Survival rights – rights to life and
these are dependent on the States’ needs basic to a child’s existence
political will such as civil and political
• Participation rights – rights that
rights
allow children to take part in affairs that
2. Progressive – are those rights whose affect their lives
implementation are dependent on
• Protection rights – safeguards
availability of the states’ resources and
children need against all forms of neglect
can be enjoyed gradually.
and abuse
How may human rights be
• Development Rights – things
guaranteed?
children need to reach their fullest
• Legislation- through potential
a.) Amending and
supplementing national laws to suit
Convention on the Rights of the
international laws and
Child: Components
b.) promulgating
• Survival Rights – rights to life and
new legal documents
needs basic to a child’s existence
• Education and
– Art.6 – States parties recognize that
Campaign- educating state agents and
every child has the inherent right to life.
dissemination in the grass roots level
States parties shall ensure to the
• National Programs of Action – maximum extent possible the survival
serves as guide to government leaders in and development of the child.
formulating policies and programs
– Art.24 – Right to health services
• Participation Rights – rights that
Children's rights- are the human rights allow children to take part in affairs that
of children with particular attention to affect their lives
the rights of special protection and care
– Art.12 – The right of the child who
afforded to the young, including their
is capable of forming his/her own views,
right to association with both biological
to express those views freely in all
parents, human identity as well as the
matters concerning him or herself, with
basic needs for food, universal state-paid
those views being given weight
education, health care and criminal laws
depending on the age and maturity of
appropriate for the age and development
the child.
of the child.
– Art.13 – freedom of expression
– Art.15 – freedom of association
Convention on the Rights of the Child
– Art.17 – right to appropriate
• The Convention on the Rights of
information
the Child provides an internationally
agreed framework of minimum – Art.18 – parents have joint primary
standards necessary for the well-being of responsibility for the upbringing and
the child to which every child is entitled. development of the children and the
State shall support them in this. The
best interest of the child will be their – Art.12 – right to respect for one’s
basic concern. views
• Protection rights – safeguards – Art.13 – freedom of expression
children’s need against all forms of
– Art.14 – freedom of thought,
neglect and abuse
conscience and religion
– Art.2 – non-discrimination
– Art.15 – freedom of association
– Art.7 – right to name and
– Art.17 – right to information
nationality
– Art.24 – right to health and health
– Art.8 – right to identity
services
– Art.10 – right to family
– Art.26 – right to social security
reunification
– Art.27 – right to adequate standard
– Art.11 – protection from illicit
of living
transfer and non-return
– Art.16 – right to privacy
Citizenship Education
– Art.19 – protection from abuse and
neglect • Civics education
– Art.20 – protection of children – can be defined as educating
without families children, from early childhood, to
become clear-thinking and enlightened
– Art.21 – right to be adopted
citizens who participate in decisions
– Art.22 – right of child refugees to concerning society.
special care and protection
– is based on the distinction between
– Art.23 – right of children with the individual, a subject of ethics and
disabilities to special care law, entitled to all the rights inherent in
the human condition –
– Art.40 – right to juvenile justice
– that is, human rights- and the
• Development rights – things
citizen, entitled to civic rights, that is to
children need to reach their fullest
say, the civil and political rights
adequate standard of living
recognized by the national constitution
– Art.28 and 29 – right to education of the country concerned
– Art.31 – right to play, leisure and
recreation
Objectives of Citizenship/Civics
– Art.31 – participation in cultural Education
activities
• educating people in citizenship and
– Art.5 – right to parental guidance human rights through an understanding
of the principles and institutions [which
– Art.6 – right to life and
govern a state or nation];
development
• learning to exercise one’s judgment
– Art.7 – right to a name and
and critical faculty;
nationality
• acquiring a sense of individual and
– Art.9 – right to live with parents
community responsibilities
– Art.10 – right to family
reunification
Qualities of a Good Citizen
– Art.11 – protection from illicit
transfer and non-return • effective citizens who act out of
respect for the common good; willing to
deliberate about the nature of public
good and how to achieve it
• Understand and are committed to
the following values inherent in the
Constitution and Bill of Rights:
Justice
- Freedom
- Participation
- Equality
- Diversity
- Truth
- Authority
- Due process
- Patriotism
- Human Rights
- Rule of Law
- Tolerance
• Personal and Civic Responsibility
Self Respect
• Possess the values of compassion,
ethical commitment. social
responsibility and a sense of
interdependence among people and
between people and their environment
Components of Civics Education
• Civic knowledge and
understanding
– The set of relevant knowledge
conceived as the proper foundation of
civic virtue and participation. Civic
knowledge includes:
– the history of one’s country and its
relation with other countries of the
world,
– the structuring and functioning of
the government and the state in a
democratic society,
– the principles governing democracy
including law and rights, duties and
obligations of both the state and the
individuals,
– current issues and problems.
– Civic knowledge addresses this
question: what should the citizen
ideally know in order to be an
effective citizen?
• Civic intellectual / Participatory
Skills. These include:
– Skills in higher level thinking
processes – critical reasoning, problem
solving, decision making, perspective
taking, divergent thinking, constructing
hypotheses and evaluating evidences
– Social skills identified as critical for
high functioning citizens such as:
Communication skills, Conflict
management and conflict resolution
skills, Consensus building, Problem
solving and decision making
• Civic Values and Disposition
– Civic dispositions refer to those
attitudes and habits of mind of the
citizen that are conducive to the healthy
functioning and common good of the
democratic system.
– Civic commitments refer to the
freely-given, reasoned commitment of the
citizen to the fundamental values and
principles of democracy.
– It is expressed in their commitment
to the common good through their
actions (voting, volunteerism, petitioning
the government for change)
• Civic Engagement
– Civic engagement means working to
make a difference in the civic life of our
communities and developing the
combination of knowledge, skills, values
and motivation to make that difference.
– It means promoting the quality of
life in a community, through both
political and non-political processes
– Civic Engagement “implies
meaningful connections among citizens,
issues, institutions, and the political
system.
Peace Education
• State of tranquility or absence of
disturbance or agitation;
• Absence of violence or war.
• It can be voluntary, where potential
agitators choose to abstain from
disturbance and may be enforced, by
suppressing those who might otherwise
cause such disturbance
• Peace is a process of adjustment
between what people, groups, or states
want, can, and will do.
• It is based on a consequent
balance of powers and involves a
corresponding structure of expectations
and patterns of cooperation.
• Peace is a condition where social
justice exists.
Characteristics of Conflict
• Conflict is natural. It is inevitable.
• Great changes are caused by
conflict.
• Conflict can be seen as a gift of
energy that moves people to act.
• Conflict is not the problem, it’s
what you do with it that makes a
difference
• Conflict is not for winning but for
learning, growing, and cooperating.
• When conflict is understood, it
becomes an opportunity to learn and
create.
• When conflict is perceived as a
positive life force, those in conflict learn
to control their own lives in ways that
also respect others.
• Conflict Resolution: A means of
achieving Peace
Four Major Stages of Conflict
Resolution and Supporting Peace
• Conflict prevention
– Preventing and resolving conflict
before it results in violence than
responding to it once it has occurred.
– Actions to address the underlying
causes of conflict include strengthening
governance, improving access to human
rights, economic and social development,
destruction of weapons and developing a
culture of peace.
– Peace making
– The first step to peace if fighting
breaks out revolves around diplomatic
measures to negotiate a ceasefire and an
agreement to which all parties agree,
accepting that no gains are to be won by
continuing the conflict.
– Implementing the peace agreement
and rebuilding communication needs to
happen on official and informal levels to
build a foundation for future
reconciliation.
• Peace keeping
– Peace agreements are fragile.
– The presence of groups of neutral
soldiers, military observers, civilian
police, electoral observers and human
rights monitors can encourage hostile
groups not to return to the use of arms.
– Peace keepers’ tasks can include
establishing and policing buffer zones,
demobilization and disarmament of
military forces, establishing
communication between parties, and
protecting the delivery of humanitarian
assistance.
• Peace building
– Peace building is a complex and
lengthy process requiring the
establishment of a climate of tolerance
and respect for the truth.
– It encompasses a wide range of
political, developmental, humanitarian
and human rights programs and
mechanisms.
– They include the reintegration of
soldiers and refugees, demining and
removal of other war debris, emergency
relief, the repair of roads and
infrastructure and economic and social
rehabilitation.
Inequality and Gender
• Sexism is the assertion that one
sex is innately superior or inferior to the
other
• Sex refers to one's biological
identity as male or female
• Gender refers to the social identity
of men and women; socially constructed
• Gender roles refer to the rights,
responsibilities, expectations, and
relationships of men and women
• Patriarchy is a set of beliefs and
values which lay down the supposedly
“proper relations” between men and
women; a deeply entrenched and
integrated system of male
dominance built into the structures of
society and in the consciousness of men
and women
Gender Equality in Education
• Gender equality refers to the
equal valuing of the roles of women and
men.
– It works to overcome the barriers of
stereotypes and prejudices so that both
sexes
– are able to equally contribute to
and benefit from economic, social,
cultural and political developments
within society.
– The ultimate goal is an unbiased
partnership between men and women
– built on shared knowledge, energy,
creativity and skills
Multiple Dimensions of Gender
Equality in Education
• Equality of access
– means that girls and boys are
offered equitable opportunities to gain
admission to formal, non-formal, or
alternative approaches to basic
education.
– Equality in the learning process
– means that girls and boys receive
equitable treatment and attention and
have equal opportunities to learn.
– girls and boys are exposed to the
same curricula, although the coursework
may be taught differently to
accommodate the different learning
styles of girls and boys.
• Equality of educational
outcomes
– means that girls and boys enjoy
equal opportunities to achieve and
outcomes are based on their individual
talents and efforts.
– To ensure fair chances for
achievement, the length of school
careers, academic qualifications, and
diplomas should not differ based on a
person’s sex.
– Mechanisms for evaluating
individual achievement should also be
free of any gender bias.
– Equality of external results
occurs
– when the status of men and
women, their access to goods and
resources, and their ability to contribute
to, participate in, and benefit from
economic, social, cultural, and political
activities are equal.
– This implies that career
opportunities, the time needed to secure
employment after leaving full-time
education, and the earnings of men and
women with similar qualifications and
experience are the same.
Gender Inequality
• It works to overcome the barriers of
stereotypes and prejudices so that both
sexes are able to equally contribute to
and benefit from economic, social,
cultural and political developments
within society.
• When women and men have
relative equality, economies grow faster
and there is less corruption.
• When women are healthy and
educated, their families, communities
and nations benefit
Social Inequality
• Women and men usually have
different roles and responsibilities in
their daily work.
• Men tend to do heavier, riskier work
that is usually located outside of the
home.
• Men's work tends to have a higher
status than the work done by women,
who have the main responsibility of
caring for children and the elderly, and
providing food for the family.
• Women often have unequal access
to education and health services.
• Social customs that encourage
or force girls into teenage marriages and
early child bearing have direct and
dangerous consequences for their
health.
• There are high levels of violence
against women in all countries around
the world.
Economic Inequality
• Nearly 70% of the world's poor are
female, and the number of women living
in poverty has increased
disproportionately in recent years
compared with the number of men.
• Women have unequal access to
economic resources, such as capital,
credit, labor and land, and limited
opportunities for employment and career
advancement which restricts their ability
to improve their economic situation.
• Females have unequal access to
education and training opportunities,
which leads to low literacy levels and
employment in unskilled, low status jobs
Political and Legal Inequality
• Women are very poorly represented
at all levels of formal decision making in
society, but particularly regional and
national levels.
• The legal system in many countries
discriminates against women in the
areas of family law, inheritance, property
and land ownership, citizenship and
criminal law.
Gender Equality Education Areas for
Action
• Human Rights
– Promote respect for the human
rights of women and female children as
an integral part of the Convention of the
Rights of the Child,
– and of women as an integral part of
the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights and the Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women.
– Education
– Commit ourselves to the promotion
of gender equity in education, ensuring
universal access to basic education for
all children and equality of access to
advanced education.
– Health
– Support and promote gender
equality in health status, access to
facilities, utilization of services, and
research and information dissemination
on women's health.
• Reproduction and Nurturing
– Encourage men and women to
enjoy the rewards of childrearing, to
share the costs and burdens, and to
assume responsibility for reproduction.
• Poverty and Economic
Opportunity
– Resolve to promote gender-sensitive
efforts to eradicate poverty that would
support women's economic opportunities
and would advance gender equality,
including the revision of laws and
administrative procedures that limit
disadvantaged women's access to jobs
and livelihoods.
– Public Imagery and Self-Esteem
– Join in actions for projecting more
positive and realistic imagery of women
(their bodies, personhood, and dignity)
as well as more positive imagery of men
in gender-equal and supportive roles.
– Political and Institutional
Participation
– Support a realignment of power in
decision-making -- the sharing of power
between women and men -- in order to
achieve women's leadership and
participation in all arenas of political
and institutional life.
How gender stereotyping takes place?
• Gender stereotypes are
the ascribed traits, characteristics,
attributes and roles relegated to men
and women. The assumption behind
stereotypes is that the ascribed
attributes of men are apply to all men
and that of women are apply to all
women.
• Gender stereotyping is the
tendency of a given culture to ascribe
particular traits, characteristics and
roles distinctly to man and woman.
• Individuals are then judged
according to their group’s identity.
Implications of gender streotyping
• Led to the sexual/gender division
of labor (production v.s. reproduction)
• Double/multiple burden of women
• Women lose their identity and
capacity for full human development
• Both women and men are victims
of stereotypes
• Women should free themselves
from the bondage of stereotyping
Violence against Women (VAW)
• Any act of gender-based violence
that results or is likely to result
in physical, sexual or psychological
harm or suffering to women including
threats of such acts, coercion or
arbitrary deprivation of liberty whether
occurring in public or private life
There are laws that seek to address
the said women’s issue such as:
• R.A. 7877 or Anti Sexual
Harassment Act of 1995
• R.A. 8353 or Anti Rape Law of
1997
• R.A. 8505 or Rape Victim
Assistance and Protection Act of 1998
• R.A. 9208 or The Anti-Trafficking
in Persons Act of 2003
• R.A. 9262 or The Anti-Violence
Against Women and their Children Act of
2004
• R.A. 3815 or The Revised Penal
Code ( Articles related to VAW)
Global Education
• Global education - involves
learning about these problems and
issues that cut across national
boundaries, and about the
interconnectedness of systems-
ecological, cultural, economic, political
and technological.
• Global education involves
perspective taking- seeing things
through the eyes and minds of others –
and it means the realization that while
individuals and groups may view life
differently, they also have common
needs and wants.
Global education involves the:
• Study of systems (economic,
political, ecological, technological)
• Study of human values (universal
and diverse)
• Study of persistent problems ( war
and peace, human rights, environmental
issues)
• Study of global history
(development of global systems and
human values)
Global Citizenship
• Is aware of the wider world and has
a sense of their own role as a world
citizen
• Respects and values diversity
• Has an understanding of how the
world works economically, politically,
socially, culturally, technologically and
environmentally
• Is outraged by social justice
• Participates in and contributes to
the community at a range of levels from
local to global
• Is willing to act to make the world a
more sustainable place
• Takes responsibility to their actions
Global Issues
• Children's Rights
• Disasters
• Education
• Environment
• Food Security
• Governance
• HIV/AIDS
• Health
• Human Rights
Environmental Education (EE) and
Education for Sustainable
Development (ESD)
• Environmental Education (EE)
– is a process in which individuals
gain awareness of their environment and
acquire knowledge, skills, values,
experiences, and also the determination,
which will enable them to act -
individually and collectively
– to solve present and future
environmental problems.
– Environmental education is a
learning process that increases people’s
knowledge and awareness about the
environment and associated challenges,
develops the necessary skills and
expertise to address the challenges, and
fosters attitudes, motivations, and
commitments to make informed
decisions and take responsible action
(UNESCO, Tbilisi Declaration, 1978).
Components of Environmental
Education
• Awareness and sensitivity to the
environment and environmental
challenges
• Knowledge and understanding of
the environment and environmental
challenges
• Attitudes of concern for the
environment and motivation to improve
or maintain environmental quality
• Skills to identify and help resolve
environmental challenges
• Participation in activities that lead
to the resolution of environmental
challenges
• Environmental education
Principles of Sustainability
• People are entitled to a healthy and
productive life in harmony with nature.
• Development today must not
undermine the development and
environment needs of present and future
generations.
• Nations have the sovereign right to
exploit their own resources, but without
causing environmental damage beyond
their borders.
• Nations shall develop international
laws to provide compensation for
damage that activities under their
control cause to areas beyond their
borders.
• In order to achieve sustainable
development, environmental protection
shall constitute an integral part of the
development process, and cannot be
considered in isolation from it.
• Eradicating poverty and reducing
disparities in living standards in
different parts of the world are essential
to achieve sustainable development and • World Poetry Day
meet the needs of the majority of people.
• Jun 6: International Day Against
• Nations shall cooperate to Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
conserve, protect and restore the health
• Aug 9: International Day of
and integrity of the Earth's ecosystem.
Indigenous People
• Nations should reduce and
• Sep 6: International Literacy Day
eliminate unsustainable patterns of
production and consumption, and • Oct 1: International Day of Older
promote appropriate demographic Persons
policies.
• 1st Mon of October: Universal
• Environmental issues are best Children’s Day
handled with the participation of all
• Oct 5: World Teacher’s Day
concerned citizens. Nations shall
facilitate and encourage public • Oct 7: International Day for the
awareness and participation by making Eradication of Poverty
environmental information widely
• Oct 24 : United Nations Day
available.
• Nov 16: International Day of
• Nations should share knowledge
Tolerance
and innovative technologies to achieve
the goal of sustainability. • Nov 17: World Television Day
• Peace, development and • Dec 1: World AIDS Day
environmental protection are
• Dec 2: International Day of
interdependent and indivisible.
Disabled Persons
• Dec 10: Human Rights Day
Agenda 21 identified education as an
• Other United Nations Celebrations
essential tool for achieving
sustainable development and • March 22: World Day of Water
highlighted four areas of action for
• March 23: World Meteorological
education.
Day
These were:
• March 24: World Tuberculosis Day
• Improve the quality of basic
• April 7: World Health Day
education;
• April 23: World Book and
• Reorient existing education
Copyright Day
programmes to address sustainable
development; • May 3: World Press Freedom Day
• Develop public awareness and • May 15: International Day of
understanding; and Families/ World Telecommunications
Day
• Provide training for all sectors of
private and civil society • May 31: World No-Tobacco Day
• UN international celebrations to • June 5: World Environment Day
promote tolerance
• June 20: World Refugee Day
• Feb 21: International Mother
• June 26: International Day against
Language Day
Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
• Mar 8: International Women’s Day
• July 11: World Population Day
• Mar 21: International Day for the
• October 16: World Food Day
Elimination of Racial Discrimination,
• December 18: International
Migrant’s Day
• December 29: International Day
for Biological Diversity
The 8 Millennium Development Goals
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger
– Reduce by half the production of
people living on less than a dollar a day
– Reduce by half the proportion of
people who suffer from hunger
2. Achieve universal primary
education
– Ensure that all boys and girls
complete a full course of primary
schooling
3. Promote gender equality
– Eliminate gender disparity in
primary and secondary education
preferably by 2005, and at all levels by
2015
4. Reduce child mortality
– Reduce by two thirds the mortality
rate among children under five
5. Improve women’s reproductive
health
– Reduce by three quarters the
maternal mortality ratio
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and
other diseases
– Halt and begin to reverse the spread
of HIV/AIDS
– Halt and begin to reverse the
incidence of malaria and other major
diseases
7. Ensure environmental
sustainability
– Integrate the principles of
sustainable development into country
policies and programmes; reverse loss of
environmental resources
– Reduce by half the proportion of
people without sustainable access to
safe drinking water
– Achieve significant improvement in
lives of at least 100 million slum-
dwellers by 2020
8. Develop a global partnership for
development
– Develop further an open trading
and financial system, that is rule-based,
predictable and non-
discriminatory. Includes a commitment
to good governance, development and
poverty reduction – nationally and
internationally
– Address the least developed
countries’ special needs. This includes
tariff-and quota-free access for their
exports; enhanced debt relief for heavily
indebted poor countries; cancellation of
official bilateral debt; and more generous
official development assistance for
countries committed to poverty
reduction
– Address the special needs of
landlocked and small island developing
States
ASEAN Community 2020
ASEAN Economic Community
– AEC will establish ASEAN as a
single market and production base
making ASEAN more dynamic and
competitive
– with new mechanisms and
measures to strengthen the
implementation of its existing economic
initiatives;
– accelerating regional integration in
the priority sectors; facilitating
movement of business persons, skilled
labor and talents;
– and strengthening the
institutional mechanisms of ASEAN.
1. Single Market and Production Base
– Free flow of goods
• which the aims of a single market
and production base can be achieved will
also facilitate the development of
production networks in the region and
enhance ASEAN’s capacity to serve as a
global production center
– Free flow of services
• no restriction to ASEAN services
suppliers in providing services and in
establishing companies across national
borders within the region, subject to
domestic regulations
– Free flow of investment
• Sustained inflows of new
investments and reinvestments will
promote and ensure dynamic
development of ASEAN economies
– Freer flow of capital
• offering rules for debt securities,
disclosure requirements and distribution
rules,
• mutual recognition arrangement
or agreement for the cross recognition of
qualification and education and
experience of market professionals
• Enhance withholding tax
structure, where possible, to promote
the broadening of investor base
– Free flow of skilled labour
• allowing for managed mobility or
facilitated entry for the movement of
natural persons engaged in trade in
goods, services, and investments,
according to the prevailing regulations of
thereceiving country
– Priority Integration Sectors
• integrating a limited number of
priority sectors
• Raising the efficiency of these key
sectors will enable ASEAN to compete for
capital, and retain value-added economic
activity and employment in the region
• sectoral approach allows the
region to focus its imited resources on
rapid and deep integration
– Food, Agriculture and Forestry
• Enhance intra- and extra-ASEAN
trade and long-term competitiveness of
ASEAN’s food, agriculture and forestry
products/commodities
2. Competitive Economic Region
– Competition Policy
• foster a culture of fair competition
• Establish a network of authorities
or agencies responsible for competition
policy
• Develop a regional guideline on
competition policy
– Consumer Protection
• Strengthen consumer protection
in ASEAN
• Establish a network of consumer
protection agencies
• Organize regional training courses
for consumer protection officials and
consumer leaders in preparation for an
integrated ASEAN market
– Intellectual Property Rights
(IPR)
• cultural, intellectual and artistic
creativity and their commercialization;
• efficient adoption and adaptation
of more advanced technologies; and
• continuous learning to meet the
ever-rising threshold of performance
expectations.
– Infrastructure Development
• secure and integrated transport
network in ASEAN is vital for realising
the full potential of the ASEAN Free
Trade Area
• as well as in enhancing the
attractiveness of the region as a single
production, tourism and investment
destination and narrowing development
gaps
– Taxation
• Complete the network of bilateral
agreements on avoidance of double
taxation among all Member Countries
– E-Commerce
• To lay the policy and legal
infrastructure for electronic commerce
and enable on-line trade in goods (e-
commerce) within ASEAN through the
implementation of the e-ASEAN
Framework Agreement and based on
common reference frameworks
3. Equitable Economic Development
– SME development
• Enhance the competitiveness and
dynamism of ASEAN SMEs by
facilitating their access to information,
market, human resource development
and skills, finance as well as technology
• Strengthen the resilience of
ASEAN SMEs to better withstand
adverse macroeconomic and financial
difficulties
– Initiative for ASEAN Integration
(IAI)
• covers the following priority areas,
namely infrastructure, human resource
development, information and
communications technologies (ICT),
capacity building for regional economic
integration, energy, investment climate,
tourism, poverty reduction and
improvement in the quality of life
4. Integration into the Global
Economy
– Coherent Approach towards
External Economic Relations
• Establish a system for enhanced
coordination, and possibly arriving at
common approaches and/or positions in
ASEAN’s external economic relations and
in regional and multilateral fora
– Enhanced participation in global
supply networks
• Continuing the adoption of
international best practices and
standards in production and
distribution, where possible; and
• Developing a comprehensive
package of technical assistance for the
less developed ASEAN Member Countries
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
– to contribute to realizing an
ASEAN Community that is people-
centered
– socially responsible with a view
to achieving enduring solidarity and
unity among the nations and peoples of
ASEAN by forging a common identity
– building a caring and sharing
society which is inclusive and
harmonious where the well-being,
livelihood, and welfare of the peoples are
enhanced.
1. Human Development
– Advancing and prioritizing
education
• integration of education
priorities into ASEAN’s development
agenda and creating a knowledge based
society; achieving universal access to
primary education;
• promoting early child care and
development; and enhancing awareness
of ASEAN to youths through education
and activities to build an ASEAN identity
based on friendship and cooperation
– Investing in human resource
development
• Enhance and improve the
capacity of ASEAN human resource and
develop a qualified, competent and well-
prepared ASEAN labour force that would
benefit from as well as cope with the
challenges of regional integration
– Promotion of decent work
• Incorporating decent work
principles in ASEAN work culture, safety
and health at work place and ensuring
that the promotion of entrepreneurship
becomes an integral part of ASEAN’s
employment policy to achieve a forward-
looking employment strategy.
– Promoting Information and
Communication Technology (ICT)
• Implement human resource
development programme which will
facilitate the implementation of regional
ICT initiatives
– Facilitating access to applied
Science and Technology (S&T)
• Develop policies and
mechanisms to support active
cooperation in research, science and
technology development, technology
transfers
• commercialization and
establishment of strong networks of
scientific and technological institutions
with the active participation of private
sector and other relevant organizations.
– Strengthening
entrepreneurship skills for women,
youth, elderly and persons with
disabilities
• Increasing the participation of
women, youth, elderly, persons with
disabilities, vulnerable and marginalised
groups in the productive workforce by
enhancing their entrepreneurial skills,
particularly to improve their social well-
being and contribute towards national
development and regional economic
integration
– Building civil service
capability
• Establish effective, efficient,
transparent, responsive and accountable
civil service systems through increased
capacity-building, enhancement of
public human resource competencies
among ASEAN bureaucracies, and
increased collaboration among ASEAN
Member States.
2. Social Welfare and Protection
– Poverty Alleviation
• Fully address socio-economic
disparities and poverty that persist
across ASEAN Member States including
achieving the MDG goal of eradicating
extreme poverty and hunger.
– Social safety net and
protection from the negative impacts
of integration and globalization
• Ensure that all ASEAN peoples
are provided with social welfare and
protection from the possible negative
impacts of globalization and integration
by improving the quality, coverage and
sustainability of social protection and
increasing the capacity of social risk
management.
– Enhancing food security and
safety
• Ensure adequate access to food
at all times for all ASEAN peoples and
ensure food safety in ASEAN Member
States.
– Access to healthcare and
promotion of healthy lifestyles
• Ensure access to adequate and
affordable healthcare, medical services
and medicine, and promote healthy
lifestyles for the peoples of ASEAN.
– Improving capability to
control communicable diseases
• To enhance regional
preparedness and capacity through
integrated approaches to prevention,
surveillance and timely response to
communicable and emerging infectious
diseases.
– Ensuring a drug-free ASEAN
• Reduce significantly, the overall
prevalence of illicit drug abuse in the
general population, in particular
students, youth and those in high-risk
and vulnerable groups through
preventive measures
• and by increasing access to
treatment, rehabilitation and aftercare
services to ensure full re-integration into
society
• as well as through enhanced
partnership between the public and
private sectors and civil society
organizations.
– Building disaster-resilient
nations and safer communities
• Strengthen effective
mechanisms and capabilities to prevent
and reduce disaster losses in lives, and
in social, economic, and environmental
assets of ASEAN Member States and
• to jointly respond to disaster
emergencies through concerted national
efforts and intensified regional and environmental pollution, including haze
international cooperation. pollution, transboundary movement of
hazardous wastes through, among
3. Social Justice and Rights
others, capacity building
– Promotion and protection of
– Promoting sustainable
the rights and welfare of women,
development through environmental
children, the elderly, and persons
education and public participation
with disabilities
• Establish a clean and green
• Safeguard the interests and
ASEAN, rich in cultural traditions where
rights as well as provide equal
the values and practices of the people
opportunities, and raise the quality of
are in accordance with the rhythm and
life and standard of living, for women,
harmony of nature, with citizens who are
children, the elderly, and persons with
environmentally literate, imbued with
disabilities.
the environmental ethics
– Protection and promotion of
– Promoting Environmentally
the rights of migrant workers
Sound Technology (EST)
• Ensure fair and comprehensive
• Use environmentally sound
migration policies and adequate
technologies to achieve sustainable
protection for all migrant workers in
development with minimal impact on the
accordance with the laws, regulations
environment
and policies of respective ASEAN
Member States – Promoting quality living
standards in ASEAN cities/urban
• as well as implement the
areas
ASEAN Declaration on the Protection
and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant • Ensure cities/urban areas in
Workers 1. ASEAN are environmentally sustainable,
while meeting the social and economic
– Promoting Corporate Social
needs of the people.
Responsibility (CSR)
– Harmonizing environmental
• Ensure that Corporate Social
policies and databases
Responsibility (CSR) is incorporated in
the corporate agenda and to contribute • Promote feasible efforts to
towards sustainable socio-economic harmonize on a step-by-step basis
development in ASEAN Member States. environmental policies, and databases,
taking into account the national
4. Ensuring Environmental
circumstances
Sustainability
– Promoting the sustainable use
– Addressing global
of coastal and marine environment
environmental issues
• coastal and marine
• Effectively address global
environment are sustainably managed;
environmental issues without impinging
representative ecosystems, pristine areas
on competitiveness, or social and
and species are protected; economic
economic development based on the
activities are sustainably managed; and
principle of equity, flexibility,
public awareness of the coastal and
effectiveness
marine environment instilled.
– Managing and preventing
– Promoting Sustainable
trans boundary environmental
Management of Natural Resources and
pollution
Biodiversity
• Implement measures and
• Ensure ASEAN’s rich biological
enhance international and regional
diversity is conserved and sustainably
cooperation to combat trans boundary
managed toward enhancing social,
economic and environmental well-being.
– Promoting the Sustainability of
Freshwater Resources
• Promote sustainability of water
resources to ensure equitable
accessibility and sufficient water
quantity of acceptable quality to meet
the needs of the people of ASEAN.
– Responding to Climate
Change and addressing its impacts
5. Building ASEAN Identity
– Promotion of ASEAN
awareness and a sense of community
• Create a sense of belonging,
consolidate unity in diversity and
enhance deeper mutual understanding
among ASEAN Member States about
their culture, history, religion, and
civilization.
– Preservation and promotion
of ASEAN cultural heritage
• Promote the conservation and
preservation of ASEAN cultural heritage
to ensure its continuity to enhance
awareness and understanding of the
people about the unique history of the
region and the cultural similarities and
differences between and among ASEAN
Member States as well as to protect the
distinctiveness of ASEAN cultural
heritage as a whole.
– Promotion of Cultural
Creativity and Industry
• Enhance ASEAN identity and
togetherness through cultural creativity
and the promotion and cooperation on
cultural industry.
– Engagement with the
community
• To inculcate an ASEAN identity
and build a people-oriented ASEAN
where people are at the centre of
community building, through the
participation of all sectors of society.
6. Narrowing The Development Gap
– Strengthen cooperation to
reduce the development gap in particular
the social dimensions of development
between the ASEAN-6 countries and
within ASEAN where some isolated
pockets of under development persist.
ASEAN Political-Security Community
– The APSC shall promote political
development in adherence to the
principles of democracy,
– the rule of law and good
governance, respect for and promotion
and protection of human rights and
fundamental freedoms as inscribed in
the ASEAN Charter. It
1. A Rules-based Community of
Shared Values and Norms
– Enhance good governance and the
rule of law, and to promote and protect
human rights and fundamental
freedoms, with due regard to the rights
and responsibilities of the Member
States of ASEAN
– Rules-based Community of shared
values and norms. In the shaping and
sharing of norms, ASEAN aims to
achieve a standard of common
adherence to norms of good conduct
among member states
– cohesiveness and harmony; and
contributing to the building of a
peaceful, democratic, tolerant,
participatory and transparent
community in Southeast Asia.
2. A Cohesive, Peaceful and Resilient
Region with Shared Responsibility for
Comprehensive Security
– ASEAN subscribes to the principle
of comprehensive security, which goes
beyond the requirements of traditional
security but also takes into account non-
traditional aspects vital to regional and
national resilience, such as the
economic, socio-cultural, and
environmental dimensions of
development.
– ASEAN is also committed to
conflict prevention/confidence building
measures, preventive diplomacy, and
post-conflict peace building.
3. A Dynamic and Outward-looking
Region in An Increasingly Integrated
and Interdependent World
– ASEAN fosters and maintains
friendly and mutually beneficial relations
with external parties to ensure that the
peoples and Member States of ASEAN
live in peace
– with the world at large in a just,
democratic and harmonious
environment.
– ASEAN remains outward-looking
and plays a pivotal role in the regional
and international fora to advance
ASEAN’s common interests.