Ans 2

A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a collection of programs and

capabilities that enable IT teams and others to create, update, administer and
otherwise interact with a relational database. Most commercial RDBMSes use
Structured Query Language (SQL) to access the database, although SQL was invented
after the initial development of the relational model and is not necessary for its
use.

Functions of RDBMS
1. First of all, its number one feature is the ability to store data in tables. The
fact that the very storage of data is in a structured form can significantly reduce
iteration time.
2. Data persists in the form of rows and columns and allows for a facility primary
key to define unique identification of rows.
3. It creates indexes for quicker data retrieval.
4. Allows for various types of data integrity like (i) Entity Integrity; wherein no
duplicate rows in a table exist, (ii)Domain Integrity; that enforces valid entries
for a given column by filtering the type, the format, or the wide use of values,
(iii)Referential Integrity; which disables the deletion of rows that are in use by
other records and (iv)User Defined Integrity;providing some specific business rules
that do not fall into the above three.
5. Also allows for the virtual table creation which provides a safe means to store
and secure sensitive content.
6. Common column implementation and also multi user accessibility is included in
the RDBMS features.

Advantages of RDBMS
1. Data is stored only once and hence multiple record changes are not required.
Also deletion and modification of data becomes simpler and storage efficiency is
very high.
2. Complex queries can be carried out using the Structure Query Language. Terms
like �Insert�, �Update�, �Delete�, �Create� and �Drop� are keywords in SQL that
help in accessing a particular data of choice.
3. Better security is offered by the creation of tables. Certain tables can be
protected by this system. Users can set access barriers to limit access to the
available content. It is very useful in companies where a manager can decide which
data is provided to the employees and customers. Thus a customized level of data
protection can be enabled.
4. Provision for future requirements as new data can easily be added and appended
to the existing tables and can be made consistent with the previously available
content. This is a feature that no flat file database has.

Uses of RDBMS
They find application in disciplines like: Banking,airlines,universities,
manufacturing and HR.
Using RDBMS can bring a systematic view to raw data. It is easy to understand and
execute and hence enables better decision making as well.
It ensures effective running of an accounting system.Moreover, ticket service and
passenger information documentation in airlines, student databases in universities
and product details along with consumer demand of these products in industries also
comes under the wide usage scope of RDBMS.
So it was all about Relational Database Management System and its advantages, uses,
features, disadvantages and how it is different from DBMS.

Ans 3
A DBMS key is an attribute or set of an attribute which helps you to identify a
row(tuple) in a relation(table). They allow you to find the relation between two
tables. Keys help you uniquely identify a row in a table by a combination of one or
more columns in that table.
Example:
Employee ID FirstName LastName
11 Andrew Johnson
22 Tom Wood
33 Alex Hale
In the above-given example, employee ID is a primary key because it uniquely
identifies an employee record. In this table, no other employee can have the same
employee ID.

A superkey is a group of single or multiple keys which identifies rows in a table.

A Super key may have additional attributes that are not needed for unique
identification.

Example:

EmpSSN EmpNum Empname

9812345098 AB05 Shown
9876512345 AB06 Roslyn
199937890 AB07 James
In the above-given example, EmpSSN and EmpNum name are superkeys.

A column or group of columns in a table which helps us to uniquely identifies every

row in that table is called a primary key. This DBMS can't be a duplicate. The same
value can't appear more than once in the table.

Rules for defining Primary key:

Two rows can't have the same primary key value
It must for every row to have a primary key value.
The primary key field cannot be null.
The value in a primary key column can never be modified or updated if any foreign
key refers to that primary key.
Example:

In the following example, <code>StudID</code> is a Primary Key.

StudID Roll No First Name LastName Email

1 11 Tom Price abc@gmail.com
2 12 Nick Wright xyz@gmail.com
3 13 Dana Natan mno@yahoo.com

All the keys which are not primary key are called an alternate key. It is a
candidate key which is currently not the primary key. However, A table may have
single or multiple choices for the primary key.

Example: In this table.

StudID, Roll No, Email are qualified to become a primary key. But since StudID is
the primary key, Roll No, Email becomes the alternative key.

StudID Roll No First Name LastName Email

1 11 Tom Price abc@gmail.com
2 12 Nick Wright xyz@gmail.com
3 13 Dana Natan mno@yahoo.com