Approaches To Development

Modernization approach

• Countries need to be modernized to become develop.

• Emphasize process of social change which required to

produce economic advancement.
 Top down” “trickle down” Approach
• Proponents of the “trickle down” approach would argue that
richer individuals and larger companies are the driving force
behind economic growth.
• The wealth created by the more successful parts of the
economy and more successful people will naturally trickle down
and benefit everyone.
• Therefore the country should focus on ensuring the right
environment for the rich and the larger companies to thrive.
• “Top down” approach tends to centralize decision making and
is often linked to development through large scale projects.
•
Growth Pole Approach
• Focus on development of a core region.
• Leading to spread effects benefiting the country as a
whole.
• Growth Pole – Could be planned or unplanned.
Development of a specific location through accumulation.
(Special Enterprise Zones in China)
• Propulsive Industry – Industries which can stimulate
growth. Ship building, Automobile, Hi tech.
“ Bottom up” “Grass roots” Approach
• The aim is to lift people out of poverty by helping them
directly. Helping them to help themselves.
• Local involvement in the decision making process.
Identifying their needs and deciding on the most effective
solution. Use of appropriate technology. Generally long
term aims of sustainability.
• Sanitation and water supply, improved farming
through use of appropriate technology, education,
health care improvements and family planning,
development of local industries and businesses through
micro loans and the reduction in bureaucracy, improved
marketing and access to markets, land and property
rights, access to enabling technologies such as the
Internet and mobile phones.
Fair Trade approach
• It joins consumers in richer countries with producers
in poorer countries and creates a fair trading
relationship.
• The basic component is producers are paid a “fair
price” for what they produce. But also there is a long term
trading agreement and rules relating to worker conditions
and environmental impact.
UN Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Project was commissioned by the
United Nations Secretary-General in 2002 to
develop a concrete action plan for the world to
achieve the Millennium Development Goals by
2015 and to reverse the grinding poverty, hunger
and disease affecting billions of people.
UN Millennium Development Goals
• Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty
• Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
• Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
• Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
• Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
• Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Is a holistic approach to achieving sustainable development for all.

• No Poverty • Reduced Inequality

• Zero Hunger • Sustainable Cities and
• Good Health and Well-being Communities
• Quality Education • Responsible Consumption
• Gender Equality and Production
• Clean Water and Sanitation • Climate Action
• Affordable and Clean Energy • Life Below Water
• Decent Work and Economic • Life on Land
Growth • Peace and Justice Strong
• Industry, Innovation and
Institutions
Infrastructure • Partnerships to achieve the
Goal