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e Anxiety
Figure 4.1 Relationship between performance and anxiety
1. Would you study hard if you were not worried at all for your
future ?
2. Would you bother to study if you knew you could succeed
easily?
3. By experiencing some anxiety and facing the challenges that
come with it, you learn to cope better with other areas of life.
4. Therefore, if you still experience a little bit of anxiety before
or during an exam, look at it +vely.
5. It can actually be good for you!
Nist and Diehl (1990) developed a short questionnaire to determine whether a student
experiences a mild or severe case of test anxiety.
Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always
1 2 3 4 5
• _______ I have visible signs of nervousness such as sweaty palms, shaky hands, and so on
right before a test.
• _______ I have “butterflies” in my stomach before a test.
• _______ I feel nauseous before a test.
• _______ I read through the test and feel that I do not know any of the answers.
• _______ I panic before and during a test.
• _______ My mind goes blank during a test.
• _______ I remember the info that I blanked on once I get out of the testing situation.
• _______ I have trouble sleeping the night before a test.
• _______ I made mistakes on easy questions or put answers in the wrong places.
• _______ I have difficulty choosing answers.
Now add up your score.
10 – 19 = YOU DO NOT SUFFER FROM TEST ANXIETY
10 OR SO = A LITTLE MORE ANXIETY MAY BE HEALTHY
TO KEEP YOU FOCUSED/GET BLOOD FLOWING
DURING EXAMS.
20 – 35 = YOU EXHIBIT SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF
TA, THE LEVEL OF STRESS AND TENSION IS HEALTHY.
Over 35 = you are experiencing an unhealthy level of test
anxiety
Source: http://www.muskingum.edu/%7Ecal/
Test anxiety is stress felt before an exam or while taking a
test.
This section highlighted that people with test anxiety may
display some combination of physical and emotional
symptoms.
Test anxiety also produces –ve and +ve effects.
So, it is not necessarily bad; it can be good as well.
Some anxiety can actually push you to perform better.
However too much anxiety may cause serious problems.
1. Explain briefly what “test anxiety” is.
_____________________________________________________________
3 Number of sections
root stem
A. -4y2
B. -2y2
options
C. -4y
D. 4y
1. Eliminate the wrong answers
2. Make an educated guess
3. Pay attention to “All of the above” and “None of the above”
statements.
4. Matching questions (objective type)
Strategies:
i. Use one list as starting pt and study the 2nd list to find a
match
ii. Make the matches you know first.
iii. Keep doing until you are left with a few times.
iv. Your chances of finding the right answer increases when
you are
left with fewer options.
5. True/False questions (objective type)
Strategies:
1. Pay close attention to negatives
2. Look for parts that will make the statement false.
3. Extreme modifiers usually make the statement
false.
4. Qualify words usually make the statement true
Strategies:
4. Did you find the online test relevant and interesting ? Why?
_____________________________________________________________
1. http://www.byu.edu/ccl/learning/strategy.php
2. http://www.coun.uvic.ca/learn/program/hndouts/multicho.html
3. http://www.stfx.ca/campus/stu-serv/disabled-students/success/exam-
startegies.html
4. http://mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/chap13/cahp13b.htm
5. http://www.herald-
dispatch.com/apps/pbcs.dll/articles?AID=/20060426/NEWS04/604260323/1001/NE
WS
6. http://www.twu.edu/o-sl/counseling/SelfHelp024.html
Objectives
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
1. List the strategies to reduce test anxiety on the day of
the exam.
2. List the strategies for reducing anxiety during the
exam.
1. Eating well – nutritious food
2. Dressing comfortably-so your concentration & performance not affected
3. Getting materials ready- make a checklist before exam.
Checklist:
Date of test:____________
Time of test:___________
Scientific Calculator
Other mathematical instruments
Several 2B pencils (sharpen them)
Eraser
Pens (must be in working order)
Ruler
Identity card
Test slip (with index number)
...................................................
...................................................
4. Being early on the day of the examination- make allowance for
traffic jam etc.
5. Positive thinking- “Whether you think that you can, or that you
can’t, you are usually right.”...Henry Ford.
- avoid people who have negative thoughts.
1. Read instructions carefully
2. Previewing the test paper-go through the questions,
correct paper?
3. Answering easy questions first-confidence level will
go up
4. Asking for clarification- if unsure ask invigilator
5. Trying to answer all the question
6. Studying other questions for clues
7. Checking your answers-to detect and correct errors
1. Give yourself a treat.
2. Go for a hearty lunch or dinner.
3. See a movie.
4. Do not discuss the test with family, friends or course
mates.
5. Maintain a positive feeling throughout.
This is a powerful visualisation activity to reduce anxiety. Dr. Maxwell Maltz,
in his book Psycho-Cybernetics, reports that mentally performing skill-
developing activities is nearly the same as the actual performance. For
example, a person practising throwing darts mentally improves his aim as
much as a person actually darts. In an experiment, Dr. Maltz reported that a
group of students who practised 20 minutes sinking basketball free throws
every day improved their scoring by 24 percent. Another group of students
who practised the same skill in their imagination improved by 23 percent.
C.G. Kop, a recognised authority on teaching piano, recommends that all
pianists “practise in their heads.” What is the relevance of this information
to you? If you want to reduce anxiety on the day of the examination, you
should:
• mentally visualise yourself sitting calmly for the test.
• see yourself place in the examination centre.
• see the invigilators distributing the examination booklets to the candidates.
• hear the chief invigilator giving the instruction to begin writing.
• see yourself writing calmly and without anxiety.
• at all times, see yourself being calm and happy.
Allocate 10 to 20 minutes daily to practise this visualisation exercise until the day of the
examination and see if it works for you.
1. http://www.utexas.edu/student/utlc/Irnres/handouts/1305.html
2. http://www.yorku.ca/cdc/Isp/eponline/exam6.htm
3. http://gwired.gwu.edu/counsel/index.gw/Site_ID/5176/Page_ID/14095/
4. http://fhss.byu.edu/anthro/Anthropology/tstanaxiety.htm
Summary
The section deals with strategies to reduce T.A. on the day of the exam,
during and after the exam. Some of the strategies include being
prepared, being early and thinking positively. The strategies for
reducing anxiety during the exam are also highlighted such as
previewing the test paper, clarifying doubts and checking answers. The
strategies suggested for reducing anxiety after the exam are avoiding
discussion on the paper and giving yourself a treat.
Objectives:
By the end of this section, you should be able
to:
1. Define Academic Integrity (AI)
2. State the various forms of Academic
Dishonesty.(AD)
3. State the consequences of AD.
4. Explain the importance of AI.
1. Integrity relates to all areas of our lives.
2. It is an integral component of our spiritual, political and economic well-
being.
3. The Integrity Institute of Malaysia (IIM) set up in 2003 by Datuk Seri
Abdullah Hj Ahmad Badawi to enhance integrity as a way of life for Malaysian
society.
4. The Business Ethics Institute of Malaysia (BEIM) promote ethics thru’
education, and nurturing values such as honesty, fairness, integrity among
businesses.
5. The Malaysian Medical Association uphold the image and credibility of the
medical profession.
6. One of the greatest problems faced by schools, colleges,universities is AI.
7. We want to obtain high grades or just fair grade and when that does not
seem possible, we think of an easy way out- cheating.
1. AI involves honesty, trust, fairness, respect and
responsibility at school, college or university level.
2. Integrity cannot really be “taught”.
3. Integrity is a quality that you need to nurture and put into
practise every day.
4. As a student you must maintain the highest AI.
1. Cheating : Getting someone to do your
assignment,copying, etc
2. Fabrication: making up false info or data.
3. Facilitation: to make an activity easier-provide test answers
to another student, etc.
4. Plagiarism: intentionally or unintentionally using an
author’s words, ideas or research.
To avoid plagiarism every quotation you use must be
indicated by quotation marks and cited in the text or in the
reference section.
1. Some forms of AD are considered criminal. Example:
a. gaining info of the contents of a test before the actual
exam (eg buying photocopies of stolen test papers.)
b. Breaking into an institution and stealing or making copies
of test.
c. Using bribes, threats, close personal relationships and
other illegal means to earn grades.
d. Denying other students to academic resources and
materials e.g. making books unavailable by stealing
etc,giving other students false info etc.
students will be punished.
Examples: i. student given failing grade or barred
from exam.
ii. students may be suspended or expelled.
WOU want you to be committed to AH
AD put an end to your career now or eventually.
1. Suspension from the institution.
2. Expulsion from the institution.
3. Being awarded a zero in the test or exam.
4. Reduction of marks in a test or assignment.
Read the 2 newspaper articles on landmark cases in dishonesty and answer
the questions below.
Article 1
Hwang Woo-Suk was a professor at Seoul National University. He became famous after
claiming a series of remarkable achievements in the field of stem cell research. Hwang
first caught media attention in South Korea when he announced that he had
successfully created a cloned dairy cow in February 1999. Hwang’s next claim came 2
months later in April 1999, when he announced the cloning of a Korean cow, Jin-i. On
both occasion he did not provide any scientically verifiable data. Even though the
validity of his research could not be examined, Hwang’s claims were well received by
the SK media and public.
In 3 August 2005, Hwang announced that his team of researchers had become the first
team to successfully clone a dog. The dog, an Afghan Hound, was named Snuppy.
Shortly after his so-called groundbreaking 2005 work, Hwang was appointed to head
the new World Stem Cell Hub, a facility that was to be the world’s leading stem cell
research centre.
But months later, he and his team were embroiled in controversy. Hwang was forced
to admit that female researchers in his own lab had supplied eggs for his research.
Subsequently, 2 of his key scientific papers published in Science Magazine, were
found to have been fabricated. In the paper published in February 2004, he claimed
that he had created the world’s first cloned human embryos. In the May 2005 paper, he
claimed he had created 11 stem cell lines from patients- each tailored to that
individual.
On 23 December, 2005 Hwang apologised for “creating a shock and a
disappointment” and announced that he was resigning his position as
professor at the university. However, Hwang maintained that patient-
matched stem cell technology remains in SK, and his countrymen shall
see it.
On 9 February, 2006, the university suspended Hwang’s position as the
university’s professor, together with 6 other faculty members who
participated in Hwang’s team. Subsequently, Hwang was dismissed from
the university on 20 March, 2006.
1. What form(s) of dishonesty do you detect in Dr. Hwang’s work?
______________________________________________________
Question 1 (50%)
Discuss three (3) challenges that you have been facing in managing your
time for doing your studies this semester. How have you been dealing with
these challenges? Your answer must be in essay format, have an
introduction and a conclusion and written in about 500 words.
Background information challenges you have been facing in
Introduction managing your time for doing your studies this semester.
Conclusion Conclusion
Write an essay on what motivates you to persist in
your studies at WOU. In your essay, discuss three (3)
sources of motivation that keep you going to ensure
that you will complete this semester’s courses
successfully. Your answer must be in essay format,
have an introduction and a conclusion and written in
about 400 words.
Background information on what motivates you to persist in your
Introduction
studies in WOU.
Conclusion Conclusion
Question 2 (50%)
2 references
1 mark - each reference correctly written (Max 2 entries)
[At the end of the
Deduct ½ mark for each reference error.
essay]
0 mark - no reference
(APA style)
B.
Explain any five (5) strategies that you know can help you
personally reduce anxiety before the day of the examination.
Provide a relevant example of how you plan to implement each
strategy during any of your course examinations. Your answer
must have an introduction, body paragraphs and a conclusion.
Your essay should be about 500-550 words.
Introduction Introduction to strategies before the day of the
examination.
Discuss five (5) 5 strategies
Being well-prepared
strategies that you 1. Avoiding procrastination
know can help you 2. Preparing a revision planner
3. Revising
personally reduce 4. Getting information on the test
anxiety before the 5. Doing exercise
6. Holistic relaxation
examination. 7. Getting enough sleep
8. Going through past year papers
9. Mindfulness
Provide a relevant 10. Take time to review test outline
example of how you Any 5 relevant ones including the ones given above
https://www.collegeessayguy.com/blog/25-practical-ways-to-reduce-testing-anxiety
plan to implement
each strategy https://www.testprepreview.com/test_anxiety.htm
The above are some websites where students can get relevant answers. Encourage them to
search other sites too.