Role of Banks in Development of Indian Economy

Ms. Bhakti Vyas

Dr. Shamal Pradhan
Abstract:
Without a sound and effective banking system, no country can ever have a healthy economy. In
the modern’s economic system, banks play a very important role in economic development of
country. With the potential to become the fifth largest banking industry in the world by 2020 and
third largest by 2025, India’s banking and financial sector is expanding rapidly. The Indian he
Indian banking system consists of 20 public sector banks, 22 private sector banks, 44 foreign
banks, 56 regional rural banks, 1,542 urban cooperative banks and 94,384 rural cooperative banks,
in addition to cooperative credit institutions. As of Q3 FY19 (between April–September 2018)
total credit extended by commercial banks surged to Rs 90.81 lakh crore (US$ 1,299.39 billion)
and deposits grew to Rs 120 lakh crore (US$ 1,866.22 billion). Assets of public sector banks stood
at Rs 108.82 crore (US$ 1,557.04 billion) in FY18. As per Union Budget 2019-2020, Provision
coverage ratio of banks reached highest in 7 years. As per the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), India’s
banking sector is sufficiently capitalized and well-regulated. The financial and economic
conditions in the country are far superior to any other country in the world. Indian banking industry
has recently witnessed the roll out of innovative banking models like payments and small finance
banks. The central bank granted in principle approval to 11 payments banks and 10 small finance
banks in FY 2015-16. RBI’s new measures may go a long way in helping the restructuring of the
domestic banking industry. This research paper relates to the study of banks role in the economic
development of country. India’s Banking System has no longer confined to only the metropolitans
but has reached even to the backward corners of the country.

Keywords: deposit, liability; credit; capital formation and economic development