Losses of Prestress Calculations

BALISACAN, JAN MIKKO T.
CEELECT-V41
201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE
Bachelor of Science in
2nd Trimester S.Y. 2018 - 2019
Civil Engineering
LOSSES OF PRESTRESS
PRACTICE PROBLEM 1:
A PRE – TENSIONED CONCRETE BEAM, 100mm WIDE AND 300mm DEEP,

IS PRESTRESSED BY STRAIGHT WIRES CARRYING AN INITIAL FORCE OF 150
kN AT AN ECCENTRICITY OF 50mm. THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF STEEL
AND CONCRETE ARE 210 AND 35 kN/SQ.mm RESPECTIVELY. ESTIMATE THE
PERCENTAGE LOSS OF STRESS IN STEEL DUE TO ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF
CONCRETE IF THE AREA OF STEEL WIRES IS 188 SQ.mm.
BALISACAN, JAN MIKKO T. CEELECT-V41
Civil Engineering
PRACTICE PROBLEM 2
A RECTANGULAR CONCRETE BEAM, 300mm DEEP AND 200mm WIDE, IS

PRESTRESSED BY MEANS OF FIFTEEN 5mm DIAMETER WIRES LOCATED
65mm FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE BEAM AND THREE 5mm WIRES, LOCATED
25mm FROM THE TOP OF THE BEAM. IF THE WIRES ARE INITIALLY TENSIONED
TO A STRESS OF 840 Mpa, CALCULATE THE PERCENTAGE LOSS OF STRESS IN
STEEL IMMEDIATELY AFTER TRANSFER, ALLOWING FOR THE LOSS OF
STRESS DUE TO ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF CONCRETE ONLY. ES=210Mpa
AND EC = 31.5 Mpa
Civil Engineering
LOSS OF STRESS DUE TO SUCCESSIVE TENSIONING OF CURVED
CABLES
IN MOST BRIDGE GIRDERS, THE CABLES ARE CURVED WITH MAXIMUM

ECCENTRICITY AT THE CENTER OF THE SPAN. IN SUCH CASES THE LOSS OF
STRESS DUE TO THE ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF CONCRETE IS ESTIMATED
BY CONSIDERING THE AVERAGE STRESS IN CONCRETE AT THE LEVEL OF
STEEL. CONSIDER A BEAM SHOWN IN THE FIGURE BELOW, WHICH IS POST –
TENSIONED BY 3 PARABOLIC CABLES. THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN
CONCRETE AT THE LEVEL OF CABLE 1 IS ALSO SHOWN IN THE FIGURE WHEN
CABLE 2 IS TENSIONED. FOR COMPUTING THE LOSS OF STRESS, THE
AVERAGE STRESS (SHOWN IN FIGURE) IS CONSIDERED. WHEN CABLE 3 IS
TENSIONED, THERE WILL BE LOSSES OF STRESS IN BOTH CABLES 1 AND 2.
THIS IS ILLUSTRATED IN THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLE.
Civil Engineering
PRACTICE PROBLEM 4
A POST - TENSIONED CONCRETE BEAM, 100mm WIDE AND 300mm DEEP,

SPANNING OVER 10m IS STRESSED BY SUCCESSIVE TENSIONING AND
ANCHORING OF THREE CABLES 1, 2 AND 3 RESPECTIVELY. THE CROSS –
SECTIONAL AREA OF EACH CABLE IS 200 SQ.mm AND THE INITIAL STRESS IN
THE CABLE IS 1200 N/SQ.mm, N = 6. THE FIRST CABLE IS PARABOLIC WITH AN
ECCENTRICITY OF 50mm BELOW THE CENTROIDAL AXIS AT THE CENTER OF
SPAN AND 50mm ABOVE THE CENTROIDAL AXIS AT THE SUPPORT SECTIONS.
THE SECOND CABLE IS PARABOLIC WITH ZERO ECCENTRICITY AT THE
SUPPORTS AND AN ECCENTRICITY OF 50mm BELOW THE CENTROIDAL AXIS.
THE THIRD CABLE IS A STRAIGHT CABLE WITH A UNIFORM ECCENTRICITY OF
50mm. ESTIMATE THE PERCENTAGE LOSS OF STRESS IN EACH OF THE
CABLES, IF THEY ARE SUCCESSIVELY TENSIONED AND ANCHORED.
Civil Engineering
PRACTICE PROBLEM 6
A CONCRETE BEAM IS PRESTRESSED BY A CABLE CARRYING AN

INITIAL PRESTRESSING FORCE OF 300 KN. THE CROSS – SECTIONAL AREA OF
THE WIRES IN THE CABLE IS 300 SQ.mm. CALCULATE THE PERCENTAGE LOSS
OF STRESS IN THE CABLE ONLY DUE TO SHRINKAGE OF CONCRETE
ASSUMING TO BE:
a) PRE – TENSIONED
b) POST – TENSIONED
ASSUME ES = 210 kN/SQ.mm AND AGE OF CONCRETE AT TRANSFER = 8 DAYS.

Civil Engineering
LOSS DUE TO CREEP OF CONCRETE
THE SUSTAINED PRESTRESS IN THE CONCRETE OF A PRESTRESSED

MEMBER RESULTS IN CREEP OF CONCRETE WHICH EFFECTIVELY REDUCES
THE STRESS IN HIGH – TENSILE STEEL. THE LOSS OF STRESS IN STEEL DUE
TO CREEP OF CONCRETE CAN BE ESTIMATED IF THE MAGNITUDE OF
ULTIMATE CREEP STRAIN OR CREEP COEFFICIENT IS KNOWN.
PRACTICE PROBLEM 7
A CONCRETE BEAM OF RECTANGULAR SECTION, 100mm WIDE AND

300mm DEEP, IS PRESTRESSED BY FIVE WIRES OF 7mm DIAMETER LOCATED
AT AN ECCENTRICITY OF 50mm, THE INITIAL STRESS IN THE WIRES BEING
1200 mPA. ESTIMATE THE LOSS OF STRESS IN STEEL DUE TO CREEP OF
CONCRETE USING THE ULTIMATE CREEP STRAIN METHOD AND THE CREEP
COEFFICIENT METHOD. USE THE FOLLOWING DATA:
Es = 210 kN/sq.mm I = 225x106 mm4

Ec = 35 kN/sq.mm Ec = 3x104sq.mm
ULTIMATE CREEP STRAIN
CREEP COEFFICIENT = 1.6
Civil Engineering
PRACTICE PROBLEM 9
A CONCRETE BEAM OF 10m SPAN, 100mm WIDE AND 300mm DEEP IS

PRESTRESSED BY 3 CABLES. THE AREA OF EACH CABLE IS 200 SQ.mm AND
THE INITIAL STRESS IN THE CABLE IS 1200 N/SQ.mm. CABLE 1 IS PARABOLIC
WITH AN ECCENTRICITY OF 50mm ABOVE THE CENTROID AT THE SUPPORTS
AND 50mm BELOW AT THE CENTER OF SPAN. CABLE 2 IS ALSO PARABOLIC
WITH ZERO ECCENTRICITY AT SUPPORTS AND 50mm BELOW THE CENTROID
AT THE CENTER OF SPAN. CABLE 3 IS STRAIGHT WITH UNIFORM
ECCENTRICITY OF 50mm BELOW THE CENTROID. IF THE CABLE DUE TO
FRICTION. ASSUME μ = 0.35 AND K = 0.0015/m.
Civil Engineering
LOSS DUE TO ANCHORAGE SLIP

THE LOSS DURING ANCHORING, WHICH OCCURS WITH WEDGE – GRIPS, IS
NORMALLY ALLOWED FOR ON THE SITE BY OVER – EXTENDING THE TENDON IN
THE PRESTRESSING OPERATION BY THE AMOUNT OF THE DRAW – IN BEFORE
ANCHORING. HOWEVER, THIS METHOD IS SATISFACTORY PROVIDED THE
MOMENTARY OVER – STRESS DOES NOT EXCEED THE PRESCRIBED LIMITS OF 80
TO 85 PERCENT OF THE ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH OF THE WIRE.
PRACTICE PROBLEM 12
A CONCRETE BEAM IS POST – TENSIONED BY A CABLE CARRYING AN

INITIAL STRESS OF 1000 N/SQ.mm. THE SLIP AT THE JACKING END WAS
OBSERVED TO BE 5mm. THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF STEEL IS 210
kN/SQ.mm. ESTIMATE THE PERCENTAGE LOSS OF STRESS DUE TO
ANCHORAGE SLIP IF THE LENGTH OF THE BEAM IS
a) 30m
b) 3m
Civil Engineering
TOTAL LOSSES ALLOWED IN DESIGN
IT IS NORMAL PRACTICE IN THE DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

MEMBERS TO ASSUME THE TOTAL LOSS OF STRESS AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE
INITIAL STRESS AND PROVIDE FOR THIS IN THE DESIGN COMPUTATIONS. SINCE THE
LOSS OF PRESTRESS DEPENDS ON SEVERAL FACTORS, SUCH AS THE PROPERTIES
OF CONCRETE AND STEEL, METHOD OF CURING, DEGREES OF PRESTRESS AND
THE METHOD OF PRESTRESSING, IT IS DIFFICULT TO GENERALIZE THE EXACT
AMOUNT OF THE TOTAL LOSS OF PRESTRESS. HOWEVER, TYPICAL VALUES OF THE
TOTAL LOSES OF STRESS THAT COULD BE ENCOUNTERED UNDER NORMAL
CONDITIONS OF WORL ARE OUTLINED BELOW.
PRACTICE PROBLEM 14
A PRETENSIONED BEAM, 200mm WIDE AND 300mm DEEP, IS

PRESTRESSED BY 10 WIRES OF 7mm DIAMETER INITIALLY STRESSED TO 1200
N/SQ.mm, WITH THEIR CENTROIDS LOCATED 100mm FROM THE SOFFIT. FIND
THE MAXIMUM STRESS IN CONCRETE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TRANSFER,
ALLOWING ONLY FOR ELASTIC SHORTENING OF CONCRETE.
IF THE CONCRETE UNDERGOES A FURTHER SHORTENING DUE TO

CREEP AND SHRINKAGE WHILE THERE IS A RELAXATION OF 5 PERCENT OF
STEEL STRESS, ESTIMATE THE FINAL PERCENTAGE LOSS OF STRESS IN THE
WIRES USING THE FOLLOWING DATA:
Es = 210kN/mm2
Ec = 5700(fcu)1/2
fcu = 42 N/ mm2
Creep Coefficient Φ = 1.6
Total residual shrinkage strain = 3x104
Civil Engineering
PRACTICE PROBLEM 1
A CONCRETE BEAM WITH A RECTANGULAR SECTION 300mm WIDE AND

500mm DEEP IS PRESTRESSED BY 2 POST-TENSIONED CABLES OF AREA 600
SQ.mm EACH. INITIALLY STRESSED TO 1600 N/SQ.mm. THE CABLES ARE
LOCATED AT A CONSTANT ECCENTRICITY OF 100mm THROUGHOUT THE
LENGTH OF THE BEAM HAVING A SPAN OF 10m. THE MODULUS OF
ELASTICITY OF STEEL AND CONCRETE IS 210 AND 38 KN/SQ.mm
RESPECTIVELY.
a. NEGLECTING ALL LOSSES, FIND THE DEFLECTION AT THE CENTER OF

SPAN WHEN IT IS SUPPORTING ITS OWN WEIGHT.
b. ALLOWING FOR 20 PERCENT LOSS IN PRESTRESS, FIND THE FINAL
DEFLECTION AT THE CENTER OF SPAN WHEN IT CARRIES AN IMPOSED
LOAD OF 18 kN/m. ASSUME UNIT WT. OF CONCRETE AS 24 kN/CU.m
Civil Engineering
PRACTICE PROBLEM 2
A CONCRETE BEAM WITH A CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF 32X103 SQ.mm

AND RADIUS OF GYRATION OF 72mm IS PRESTRESSED BY A PARABOLIC
CABLE CARRYING AN EFFECTIVE STRESS OF 1000 N/SQ.mm. THE SPAN OF
THE BEAM IS 8M. THE CABLE, COMPOSED OF 6 WIRES OF 7mm DIAMETER,
HAS AN ECCENTRICITY OF 50mm AT THE CENTER AND ZERO AT THE
SUPPORTS. NEGLECTING ALL LOSSES, FIND THE CENTRAL DEFLECTION OF
THE BEAM AS FOLLOWS:
a. SELF – WEIGHT + PRESTRESS
b. SELF – WEIGHT + PRESTRESS + LIVE LOAD OF 2 kN/m

Civil Engineering
PRACTICE PROBLEM 3
A RECTANGULAR CONCRETE BEAM OF CROSS – SECTION 150mm WIDE

AND 300mm DEEP IS SIMPLY SUPPORTED OVER A SPAN OF 8m AND IS
PRESTRESSED BY MEANS OF A SYMMETRIC PARABOLIC CABLE, AT A
DISTANCE OF 75mm FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE BEAM AT MID SPAN AND
125mm FROM THE TOP OF THE BEAM AT SUPPORT SECTIONS. IF THE FORCE
IN THE CABLE IS 350 KN AND THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF CONCRETE IS
38 kN/SQ.mm, CALCULATE:
a. THE DEFLECTION AT MID-SPAN WHEN THE BEAM IS SUPPORTING ITS OWN

WEIGHT
b. THE CONCENTRATED LOAD WHICH MUST BE APPLIED AT MID SPAN TO
RESTORE IT TO THE LEVEL OF SUPPORTS.
Civil Engineering
PREDICTION OF LONG TIME DEFLECTIONS
THE DEFORMATIONS OF PRESTRESSED MEMBERS CHANGE WITH TIME AS A

RESULT OF CREEP AND SHRINKAGE OF CONCRETE AND RELAXATION OF STRESS
IN STEEL. THE DEFLECTION OF PRESTRESSED MEMBERS CAN BE COMPUTED
RELATIVE TO A GIVEN DATUM, IF THE MAGNITUDE AND LONGITUDINAL
DISTRIBUTION OF CURVATURES FOR THE BEAM SPAN ARE KNOWN FOR THAT
INSTANT BASED ON THE LOAD HISTORY, WHICH INCLUDES THE PRESTRESSING
FORCES AND THE LIVE LOADS.
PRACTICE PROBLEM 4
A CONCRETE BEAM HAVING A RECTANGULAR SECTION 100mm WIDE

AND 300mm DEEP IS PRESTRESSED BY A PARABOLIC CABLE CARRYING AN
INITIAL FORCE OF 240 kN. THE CABLE HAS AN ECCENTRICITY OF 50mm AT
THE CENTER OF SPAN AND IS CONCENTRIC AT THE SUPPORTS. IF THE SPAN
OF THE BEAM IS 10m AND THE LIVE LOAD IS 2 kN/m, ESTIMATE THE SHORT
TIME DEFLECTION AT THE CENTER OF SPAN
ASSUMING E = 38 kN/SQ.mm AND CREEP COEFFICIENT. Ø = 2.0, LOSS OF

PRESTRESS = 20 PERCENT OF THE INITIAL STRESS AFTER 6 MONTHS.
ESTIMATE THE LONG TIME DEFLECTION AT THE CENTER OF SPAN AT THIS
STAGE, ASSUMING THAT THE DEAD AND LIVE LOADS ARE SIMULTANEOUSLY
APPLIED AFTER RELEASE OF PRESTRESS.

Losses of Prestress Calculations

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BALISACAN, JAN MIKKO T.

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

A PRE – TENSIONED CONCRETE BEAM, 100mm WIDE AND 300mm DEEP,

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

A RECTANGULAR CONCRETE BEAM, 300mm DEEP AND 200mm WIDE, IS

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

LOSS OF STRESS DUE TO SUCCESSIVE TENSIONING OF CURVED

IN MOST BRIDGE GIRDERS, THE CABLES ARE CURVED WITH MAXIMUM

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

A POST - TENSIONED CONCRETE BEAM, 100mm WIDE AND 300mm DEEP,

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

A CONCRETE BEAM IS PRESTRESSED BY A CABLE CARRYING AN

ASSUME ES = 210 kN/SQ.mm AND AGE OF CONCRETE AT TRANSFER = 8 DAYS.

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

LOSS DUE TO CREEP OF CONCRETE

THE SUSTAINED PRESTRESS IN THE CONCRETE OF A PRESTRESSED

A CONCRETE BEAM OF RECTANGULAR SECTION, 100mm WIDE AND

Es = 210 kN/sq.mm I = 225x106 mm4

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

A CONCRETE BEAM OF 10m SPAN, 100mm WIDE AND 300mm DEEP IS

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

LOSS DUE TO ANCHORAGE SLIP

A CONCRETE BEAM IS POST – TENSIONED BY A CABLE CARRYING AN

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

TOTAL LOSSES ALLOWED IN DESIGN

IT IS NORMAL PRACTICE IN THE DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

A PRETENSIONED BEAM, 200mm WIDE AND 300mm DEEP, IS

IF THE CONCRETE UNDERGOES A FURTHER SHORTENING DUE TO

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

A CONCRETE BEAM WITH A RECTANGULAR SECTION 300mm WIDE AND

a. NEGLECTING ALL LOSSES, FIND THE DEFLECTION AT THE CENTER OF

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

A CONCRETE BEAM WITH A CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF 32X103 SQ.mm

a. SELF – WEIGHT + PRESTRESS

b. SELF – WEIGHT + PRESTRESS + LIVE LOAD OF 2 kN/m

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

A RECTANGULAR CONCRETE BEAM OF CROSS – SECTION 150mm WIDE

a. THE DEFLECTION AT MID-SPAN WHEN THE BEAM IS SUPPORTING ITS OWN

201411431 Professor: K.M De Jesus, MSCE

PREDICTION OF LONG TIME DEFLECTIONS

THE DEFORMATIONS OF PRESTRESSED MEMBERS CHANGE WITH TIME AS A

A CONCRETE BEAM HAVING A RECTANGULAR SECTION 100mm WIDE

ASSUMING E = 38 kN/SQ.mm AND CREEP COEFFICIENT. Ø = 2.0, LOSS OF

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