vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,fapmifha&Smufolrsm;qdkif&m a=unmpmwrf;

vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,fapmifha&Smufolrsm;qdkif&m a=unmpmwrf;
1998 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wGif
ukvor~taxGaxGnDvmcHu jyXmef;cJhonf?

jyXmef;cJhonf?

jrefrmbmom
Burmese
jrefrmbmom / Burmese

Translated by

Printed by

HREIB

jrefrmbmom / Burmese 1
2 UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
 vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,fapmifha&Smufolrsm;qdkif&m a=unmpmwrf;

vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,fapmifha&Smufolrsm;qdkif&m a=unmpmwrf;
1998 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wGif ukvor~taxGaxGnDvmcHu
jyXmef;cJhonf?

jrefrmbmom/Burmese

jrefrmbmom / Burmese 3
 Cover/ Layout:
Sverre Rakkenes

Translated by:
Human Rights Education Institute of Burma (HREIB)
GPO Box 485
Chiang Mai 50000
Thailand.

www.hreib.com

The Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FO-

RUM-ASIA) and Human Rights Education Institute of Burma
(HREIB) wishes to acknowledge the generous support and
contribution of the following individual in the publication of
this translation:

Aung Myo Min

Copyright © 2008
This book was written for the benefit of human rights defend-
ers and may be quoted from or copied so long as the source
and authors are acknowledged

Printed by:
Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development
(FORUM-ASIA)
246 Times Square Building
12 Fl., 12-01 Sukhumvit Road, Between Soi 12-14
Khlong Toei, Khlong Toei
Bangkok 10110, Thailand

www.forum-asia.org
4 UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,fapmifha&Smufolrsm;qdkif&m a=unmpmwrf;

1998 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wGif ukvor~taxGaxGnDvmcHu

jyXmef;cJhonf?

tydk'f (1)

vlwdkif;wGif rdrdwdk@ wOD;csif;jzpfap/ tjcm;olrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;Ijzpfap vl@tcGifh

ta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk EdkifiHawmf tqifhESifh EdkifiHwumtqifh
wdk@wGif wdk;wufjrifhrm; atmif vkyfaqmifcGifh/ umuG,fapmifha&SmufcGifhESifh
trSefwu,f&&Sd cHpm;ykdifcGifh&Sdonf?

tydk'f (2)

(1) tpdk;&wdkif;onf vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;twGuf

umuG,f&ef/ jrSifhwifay;&efESifh taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufvkyfudkif&ef
wm0ef0W&m;rsm;&Sdonf? xdk@twGuf vlr_a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ EdkifiHa&;ESifh
tjcm;e,fy,frsm;wGif ,if;tajctaersm;ay: xGef;vmap&ef vdktyfonfh
tqifhrsm;udk csrSwfaqmif&Guf&rnf? rdrdwdk@wdkif;jynf. tcsKyf tjcmtm%m
atmufwGif&Sdolwdkif; wOD;csif;jzpfap/ pkaygif;Ijzpfap,if; tcGifhta&;rsm;
ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk trSefwu,f cHpm;cGihf&&Sdap&ef Oya't&
tumtuG,fay; jcif;wdk@udkvnf; vkyfaqmifay;&rnf?

(2) tpdk;&wdkif;onf vuf&Sda=unmpmwrf;wGif azmf!Gef;xm;aom tcGifh

ta&;rsm;ESifhvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk xda&mufpGm tmrcHEdkifa&;twGuf vdktyf
aom Oya'jyKr_/ pDrHtkyfcsKyfr_rsm;ESifh tjcm;vkyfief;tqifhrsm;udk csrSwf
aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfonf?

jrefrmbmom / Burmese 5
 tydk'f (3)

jynfwGif;Oya'rsm;onf ukvor~yÉd^mOfpmwrf;yg tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh

udkufnDr_&Sd&rnf? xdk@tjyif tjcm;aom ekdifiHwum0W&m;rsm;ESifh ouf
qkdifaom vltcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;onfvnf; xdkEdkifiH
. vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccH vGwfvyfcGihfrsm;ESifh udkufnDap&rnf? ,if;
Oya'rsm;onf vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk taumif
txnfazmfjcif;ESifh &&SdcHpm;ydkifjcif;wdk@twGuf w&m;Oya'jyKa&;qdkif&m
tajccHabmifjzpfap&rnf? ,cka=unmpmwrf;wGif !Gef;qdkxm;aom
tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk taumiftxnf azmf&mwGif ,if;
Oya'rsm;. wdk;wufjrifhrm;a&;/ umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;ESifh xda&mufr_
&Sdapa&;wdk@twGuf a&S;±_aqmif&Guf&rnf?

tydk'f (4)

vuf&Sda=unmpmwrf;udk ukvor~yÉd^mOfpmwrf; (odk@r[kwf) tjynf

jynfqdkif&mvltcGifhta&; a=unmpmwrf;/ EdkifiHwumvl@tcGifhta&;
pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;/ xdke,fy,frsm;ESifh oufqdkifaom EdkifiHwum oabmwl
pmcsKyfrsm;/ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;wGifyg0ifaom tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh qef@usif
aom (odk@r[kwf) tvJGoHk;pm;vkyfaom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh toHk;rjyK&?

tydk'f (5)

vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk jr‡ifhwifay;&efESifh umuG,fay;

&eftwGuf/ vlwdkif;onf EdkifiHawmfESifh EdkifiHwumtqifhwdk@wGif wOD;csif;jzpf
ap trsm;ESifhpkaygif;Ijzpfap -

(u) +idrf;csrf;pGm awG@qHkcGifhESifh pka0;cGifh/

6 UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
 (c) tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzJG@tpnf;rsm;/ toif;tzJG@rsm;ESifh tkyfpkrsm;udk
zJG@pnf;cGifh/ 0ifa&mufcGifhESifh yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cGifh/

(*) tpd;k &r[kwaf om tzJ@G tpnf;rsm; (od@k r[kw)f tpd;k &rsm;jzifq

h ufpyfz@GJ
pnf;xm; aom tzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fcGifh &Sdonf?

tydk'f (6)

vlwdkif;onf wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifh pkaygif;Ijzpfap -

(u) vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;/ tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfhowif;

rsm;udkvufcH &&SdcGifhESifh odkrSD;cGifh&Sdonf? xdkvGwfvyfcGifhESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;
onf EdkifiHawmf.w&m;Oya'jyKa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;wdk@
wGif rnfodk@rnfyHk oufa&mufr_&SdEkdifa=umif;ESifh ywfoufaom owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;vnf; &&SdcGifh&Sdonf?

(c) vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh oufqdkif&m tjcm;EdkifiHwum pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;wGif

azmfjyxm;ouJhodk@ vl@tcGihfta&;rsm;/ tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;ESifh ywfouf
onfh tjcm;t,ltqrsm;/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh A[kokwrsm;udk
vGwfvyfpGm xkwfa0cGifh/ wifjycGifhESihf jzef@jzL;ykdifcGifh &Sdonf?

(*) Oya't&jzpfap/ vufawG@b0wGifjzpfap vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;/ tajccH

vGwfvyfcGifhrsm; ESifhywfoufI avhvmcGifh/ aqG;aEG;cGifh/ rdrdwdk@. t,l
tqrsm;udk udkifpJGazmfaqmifcGifh&Sdonf? xdk@tjyif avsmfuefaom enf;
vrf;rsm;jzifh tjcm;olrsm;. tm&Hk0ifpm;r_&vmap&efvnf; vkyfykdifcGifh&Sd
onf?

jrefrmbmom / Burmese 7
 tydk'f (7)

vlwdkif;onf wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifhpkaygif;Ijzpfap/ vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh

ywfoufaom t,ltqtopfrsm;/ rl0g'opfrsm;udk zefwD;cGifhESifh aqG;aEG;
cGifh&SdjyD;/ xdkt,ltqrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;u vufcHvmatmif wkdufwGef;
ajymqdkcGifh &Sdonf?

tydk'f (8)

(1) vlwdkif; wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifhpkaygif;Ijzpfap/ ‚wdk@. tpdk;&

twGif;wGif cJGjcm;zdESdyfjcif; tvsOf;r&SdapbJ yg0ifEkdifcGifh&Sdonfhtjyif/ jynf
ol@a&;&mudPrsm;wGifvnf; xda&mufpGm yg0ifywfoufcGifh&Sdonf?

(2) xdktcGifhta&;xJwGif vlwOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifhpkaygif;Ijzpfap/

vlxka&;&mESifh oufqkdifonfh a0zeft=uHjyKr_rsm;udk tpdk;&Xmersm;/
at*sifpDrsm;ESifh tzJGtpnf;rsm;okd@ wifjycGifh&Sdonf? xkdokd@ wifjyjcif;onf
,if;tzJG@tpnf;rsm;. vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; wkd;wuf aumif;rGefvmap&ef
&nf&G,fonf? xdk@tjyif vl@tcGifhta&;rsm; tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;. wkdk;
wufa&;/ tumuG,fay;a&;ESifh todrSwfjyKa&;udk [ef@wm;aESmuf,Suf
apEkdifaom rnfonfh±_@a'gifhrsdK;udkrqkd owdjyKrdap&ef &nf&G,fonf?

tydk'f (9)

(1) ,ck a=unmpmwrf;wGif azmfjyxm;ouJhodk@ vl@tcGifhta&; wdk;wuf

jrifhrm;a&;ESifh umuG,fa&;tygt0if/ ,if;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk vufcH
usifhoHk;&mwGif vlwdkif;onf wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifhpkaygif;Ijzpfap/ tcGifh
ta&;rsm; csKd;azmufcH&ygu xda&mufaom epfema=u; cHpm;ykdifcGifhESifh
,if; tcGifhta&;rsm; csdK;azmufcH&aom tajctaersm;rS tumtuG,f
8 UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
,lykdifcGifh&Sdonf?

(2) xdk@twGufa=umifh vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufcH&olwdkif;onf vlyk~dKvf

wOD;wa,muf (odk@r[kwf) Oya'abmiftwGif;rS wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol.
tultnDjzifh wdkif=um;ykdifcGifh&Sdonf? xdkwdkif=um;r_udk trSDtckduif;pGm
w&m;pD&ifEkdifaom/ bufrvdkufaom/ vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufonfudk vkyf
aqmif&ef tcGifhtm%m&Sdaom w&m;pD&ifa&;tzJG@ (odk@r[kwf) Oya't&
zJG@pnf;xm;aom tm%mydkifrsm;. a&S@arSmufwGif vlxk=um;emr_yHkpHjzifh
tvsiftjrefppfaq;=um;em&rnf? vlwOD;wa,mufonf ‚.vl@tcGifh
ta&;ESifh vGwfvyfcGifhudk csdK;azmufjcif;cHcJh&ygu epfema=u;&&SdcHpm;ap&ef
,if;tzJG@rS w&m;enf;vrf;uspGm qHk;jzwfpD&ifay;rnf? xdkqHk;jzwf csufESifh
cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk aESmifhaES;=uef@=umr_ vHk;0r&Sd&atmif wdkufwGef;aqmif
&Guf&rnf?

(3) xdk@twlyif vlwdkif;onf wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESihf pkaygif;Ijzpfap/

(u) tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;ESifh tpdk;&Xmersm;. vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccH

vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;tay: csdK;azmufaom rl0g'rsm;ESifh vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd
wkdif=um;pm wifIjzpfap (odk@r[kwf) tjcm;oifhavsmf&m enf;vrf;rsm;
jzifhjzpfap vkyfief;uGsrf;usifjyD;/ vkyfykdifcGifhtm%m&Sdaom jynfwGif;w&m;
pD&ifa&;/ pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh w&m;Oya'a&;qdkif&m tm%mydkifrsm; (odk@
r[kwf) wdkif;jynf. Oya'pepfjzifh zJG@pnf;xm;aom vkyfykdifcGifh&Sdonfh tjcm;
tm%mydkifrsm;xHodk@ a0zefwdkif=um;cGifh&Sdonf? ,if;tm%mydkifrsm;onf
wdkif=um;csufrsm;udk aESmifh aES;=uef@=umr_ vHk;0r&SdapbJ pD&ifaqmif&Gufay;
oifhonf?

jrefrmbmom / Burmese 9
 (c) EdkifiHawmf Oya'rsm;ESifh EkdifiHwum vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;jzifh pD&if
xm;aom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ay:ESifh ywfoufI udk,fykdift,ltqazmfaqmif
Edkif&eftwGuf vlxk=um;emr_/ w&m;pD&ifa&; tqifhqifhESifh w&m;cGifrsm;
udk wufa&mufcGifh/

(*) vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk umuG,f&mwGif

t&nftcsif;jynfhrSDaom Oya'taxmuftyhHrsm;/ tjcm;oifhawmfaom
t}uHOm%frsm;ESifh tultnDrsm;ukd urf; vSrf;cGifhESifh axmufyhHulnDcGifh/

(4) xd@k twl oifah vsmo f nfh Edik if wH um pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;ESihf vkyx

f ;kH vkyef nf;
rsm;t& vlwdkif;onf wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifhpkaygif;Ijzpfap/ a,bl,s
odk@r[kwf txl;vkyfaqmif Edkifr_&Sdaom EdkifiHwumtzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh
taESmifht,Sufr&Sd qufoG,fcGifh&Sdonf? vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwf
vyfcGifh ta=umif;t&mrsm;ESifhywfoufI tquftoG,frsm;udk vufcH
cGifhESifh pOf;pm;qifjcifEkdifcGifh &Sdonf?

(5) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf rdrdwdkif;jynf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifaom ae&m

a'otwGif; vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm; csdK;azmufcH&onfh
tajctae jzpfay:wdkif; bufvdkufjcif;r&SdbJ vsifvsifjrefjref pHkprf;ppfaq;
jcif; (odk@r[kwf) pHkprf;r_ vkyfaqmif&ef tmrcHay;&rnf?

tydk'f (10)

vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk rnfolwOD;wa,mufrS

rcsKd;azmufrdap&? tajctaet& csKd;azmufrdjcif; (odk@r[kwf) rcsKd;azmuf
rdap&ef ysufuGufjcif;wkd@ r&Sdap&? xdkodk@ csdK;azmuf&eftwGufapcdkif;r_rsm;
udk jiif;qdkrdjcif;a=umifh rnfolwOD;wa,mufrS tjypfay;jcif;ESifhwkef@jyefr_
rsm; cHpm;apjcif;r&Sdap&?
10 UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
 tydk'f (11)

vlwdkif; wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifh pkaygif;Ijzpfap/ rdrdwdk@. toufarG;0rf;

ausmif;r_udk w&m;0ifvkyfukdifcGifh&Sdonf? rdrdtvkyftukdifa=umifh tjcm;
olrsm;. *k%fodQm/ tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhwdk@udk xdyg;Edkif
onfh taetxm;rsdK;&Sdygu xkdolrsm;onf xdktcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vGwf
vyfcGifhrsm;udk av;pm;&rnfjzpf+yD;/ rdrd. wm0efxrf;aqmifr_onf
oufqdkif&mEdkifiHESifh EdkifiHwum vkyfief;cGifqkdif&m tqifhtwef;&Sdaom
vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;/ usifh0wfrsm;ESifh udkufnDr_ &Sdap&rnf?

tydk'f (12)

(1) vlwdkif; wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifhpkaygif;Ijzpfap/ vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh

tajccHvGwf vyfcGifhrsm;tm; csdK;azmufr_rsm;udk jidrf;csrf;pGm qef@usifonfh
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifcGifh&Sdonf?

(2) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf vlwdkif;tay: wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifhpkaygif;

Ijzpfap/ ,ck pmwrf;wGifyg0ifaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk w&m;0ifusifhoHk;
jcif;rsm;. tusdK;qufa=umifh wpHkwa,muftay: t=urf;zufr_rsm;/ +cdrf;
ajcmufr_rsm;/ vufpm;acs wkef@jyefr_rsm;tm; wdkuf±kdufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkuf
Ijzpfap/ cJGjcm;zdESdyfr_rsm;/ zdtm;ay;r_rsm;ESifh tjcm;aomyHkpHjzifh w&m;rJh
vkyfqmifr_rsm;rjzpfatmif vdktyfovdk umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_rsm;vkyf
aqmif&rnf?

(3) xdkenf;wl vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGihfrsm;tm; &&SdcHpm;r_

tay:xdcdkuf ysufjym;atmif wOD;wa,muf (odk@r[kwf) tkyfpkvdkuf t=urf;
zufjcif;rsm;/ vl@tcGifhta&;rsm; tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;tm; tpdk;&u csdK;
azmufjcif;rsm;ESifhywfoufI vlwOD;csif;jzpfap tjcm;olrsm;ESifh pkaygif;I
jrefrmbmom / Burmese 11
 jzpfap/ ryg0ifjcif;wdk@tjyif +idrf;csrf;aom &nf&G,fcsuf/ v_yf&Sm;r_ESifh vkyf
aqmifcsufrsm;jzifh qef@usifjcif; (odk@r[kwf) wGef;vSefjcif;rsm;tm; EdkifiH
awmfOya'jzifh xdxda&mufa&muf umuG,fay;&rnf?

tydk'f (13)

vlwdkif; wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifh pkaygif;Ijzpfap/ ,ckpmwrf;. tydk'f

(3) t&/ vl@tcGihf ta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhwdk@ wdk;wufjrifhrm;a&;ESifh
umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;wkd@udk &nf&G,fI +idrf;csrf;aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh
&if;jrpfrsm;udk awmif;cHykdifcGifh/ vufcHykdifcGifhESifh toHk;jyKydkifcGifhwkd@ &Sdonf?

tydk'f (14)

(1) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf rdrdwdkif;jynf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkife,fajr

twGif;&Sd EkdifiHom;wdkif; ‚wdk@. EdkifiHom;/ EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ESifh
,Ofaus;r_qdkif&m &ykdifcGifhrsm;udk jrifhjrifhrm;rm; em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef
twGuf w&m;Oya'jyKr_/ w&m;pD&ifr_/ pDrHtkyfcsKyfr_ESifh tjcm;oifhavsmfaom
aqmif&Gufr_rsm;udk wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfonf?

(2)xdkodk@vkyfaqmif&mwGif

(u) EdkifiHawmf w&m;Oya'rsm;/ pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;oufqdkif&m

EdkifiHwum vl@tcGifhta&; pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;tm; us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ xkwf
a0jzef@csDjcif;ESifh vltrsm; =um;odk@ a&muf&Sdatmifvkyfaqmifjcif;/

(c) EdkifiHwumvl@tcGihfta&;pmcsKyfrsm;t& zJG@pnf;xm;aom apmifh=uyf

a&;Xmersm;odk@ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u vufrSwfa&;xdk; wifoGif;onfh yHkrSef
tpD&ifcHpmrsm;/ aqG;aEG;csuftESpfcsKyf rSwfwrf;rsm;ESifh xdkXmersm;rS xkwf
jyefaom w&m;0iftpD&ifcHpmrsm; tygt0if/ vl@tcGifhta&;e,fy,frSEdkifiH
12 UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
wum pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk vlwdkif;omwlnDr#pGmjzifh jynfhjynfh00od&SdEkdif
atmif vkyfaqmifay;jcif;/

(*) rdrdwdkif;jynf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkife,fajrrsm; tm;vHk;twGif; vl@

tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm; wkd;wufjrifhrm;a&;ESifh xdef;odrf;um
uG,fa&;twGuf apmifh=uyfa&;wm0efcH/ vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif odk@r
[kwf tjcm;EdkifiHawmf tzJG@tpnf;rsm;zJG@pnf; xlaxmif&efESifh xGef;um;vm
ap&eftwGuf vdktyfovdk tmrcHay;jcif;ESifh yHhykd;ay;jcif;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf
ay;&rnf?

tydk'f (15)

EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk ynm

a&;tqifhwdkif;wGif oif=um;ay;&ef ulnDvkyfaqmifay;&rnfh wm0ef&Sd
onfhtjyif/ a&S@aersm;/ w&m;a&;0ef xrf;rsm;/ ppfwyf0efxrf;rsm;ESifh vlxk
qufoG,fa&; t&m&Sdrsm;. oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;txJwGif vl@tcGifh
ta&;. tESpfom&rsm; yg0ifr_&Sdap&ef taotcsmvkyfaqmif&rnf?

tydk'f (16)

vlwOD;csif;/ tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;oufqdkif&m tzJG@

tpnf;rsm;onf vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;ESifh ywfouf
aomtawG;tjrifrsm; vlxkt=um; ydkrkdjyef@yGm;&eftwGuf ynmay;tpD
tpOfrsm;/ oifwef;rsm;/ okaooevkyfief;rsm;rSwqifh xdkta=umif;
t&mrsm;tjyif EdkifiHrsm;t=um;ESifh vlrsdK;a&; bmoma&;tkyfpkrsm;t=um;
em;vnfr_/ onf;cHpdwf&Snfr_/ +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh cspf=unfvkyfaqmif&mwGif
ta&;}uD;aom tcef;rS yg0ifaeonfhtm;avsmfpGm rdrdwdk@vkyfief;vkyfudkif
taumiftxnfazmfaeaom vlr_todkif;t0dkif;ESifh &yf&GmvlxktwGif;
jrefrmbmom / Burmese 13
 rwluJGjym;aom aemufcHordkif;rsm;&Sdaeonfudk tpOfowdrl&rnf?

tydk'f (17)

vlwdkif;onf wOD;csif;jzpfap/ trsm;ESifh pkaygif;Ijzpfap/ vuf&Sda=unmpm

wrf;wGif azmf!Gef;xm;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udkusifhoHk;
&mwGif tjcm;olrsm;. tcGifhta&;ESifh vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk av;pm;r_ESifh
vdktyfaom todtrSwfjyKr_wkd@twGuf vHk+cHKap&ef&nf&G,f+yD; pdwf"mwf/
pm&dW/ &yf&GmvHk+cHKa&;/ 'Drdkua&pDvl@abmif. om,m0ajymr_twGuf
EdkifiHwumusifhxHk;rsm;ESifh udkufnDr_&Sdatmif Oya'uqHk;jzwfjyD;onfhtcg
rSom xdkusifhoHk;r_udk uef@owfEdkifonf?

tydk'f (18)

(1) vlwdkif;onf rdrdwdk@. udk,f&nfudk,faoG;rsm;udk vGwfvyfjynfh0pGm

jznfhqnf;apEdkifrnfh vlr_ywf0ef;usiftwGuf (odk@r[kwf) vlr_ywf0ef;usif
twGif; wm0ef0W&m;rsm; &,lykdifcGifh&Sdonf?

(2) vlwOD;csif;/ tkyfpkrsm;/ XmetzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzJG@

tpnf;rsm;onf 'Drdkua&pDudk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef/ vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh
tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhwdk@udk wdk;wufjrifhrm;atmifvkyfaqmif&efESifh 'Drdkua&pD
vl@abmiftzJG@tpnf;rsm;/ taqmufttHkrsm;ESifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; wdk;
wufjrifhrm;atmifvkyfaqmif&ef ta&;}uD;aom tcef;wGif yg0ifae+yD;
wm0efvnf;&Sdonf?

(3) vlwOD;csif;/ tkyfpkrsm;/ XmetzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzJG@

tpnf;rsm;onf tjynfjynfqdkif&m vl@tcGifhta&; a=unmpmwrf;ESifh
tjcm;vl@tcGifhta&;pmcsKyfpmwrf; rsm;wGif azmf!Gef;xm;aom
14 UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
tcGifhta&;ESifh vGwfvyfcGifhrsm; tjynfht0 xGef;um;apEdkifonfh vlr_
b0ESifh EdkifiHwumpHcsdefrsm; wdk;wufxGef;um;atmif oifhavsmfovdk yg0if
=udK;yrf;vkyfaqmif&ef ta&;}uD;aomtcef;wGif yg0ifae+yD; wm0efvnf; &Sd
onf?

tydk'f (19)

vlwOD;wa,muf/ tzJG@tpnf;ESifh vlr_todkif;t0dkif;. tpdwftydkif;wckrS

vuf&Sdpmwrf; wGif!Gef;qdkxm;aom tcGifhta&;ESifh vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk
zsufqD;apvdkaom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh jyKrlvkyfaqmif&eftwGuf Tpmwrf;udk
wvJGtoHk;csjcif;/ t"d`g,faumuf,ljcif; rjyKap&?

tydk'f (20)

ukvor~ yÉd^mOfpmwrf;wGif yg0ifaomrl0g'rsm;ESifh qef@usifonfh vlw

OD;csif;/ tkyfpktvdkuf/ XmetzJG@tpnf; (odk@r[kwf) tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzJG@
tpnf;rsm;. tjyKtrlrsm;/ vkyfief;rsm;udk tpdk;&u ulnDyHhykd;&efESifh tm;
ay;axmufcH&eftwGuf vuf&Sdpmwrf;udk wvJGtoHk;csjcif;/ t"d`g,f
aumufjcif; rjyKap&?

jrefrmbmom / Burmese 15