Maximilian Bezzegh

Lab 2

Data:

Compound Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Average Combined

average MP
Vanillin initial MP 82.2 83.1 82.9 82.7 84.2
Vanillin final MP 85.5 85.3 86.2 85.7
3- 55.6 56.1 55.9 55.9 58.8
nitrobenzaldehyde
initial MP
3- 61.3 62.2 61.7 61.7
nitrobenzaldehyde
final MP

Mixed Compound Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Average Combined

average MP
Vanillin:3- 53.8 54.5 53.5 53.9 56.4
nitrobenzaldehyde
initial MP
Vanillin:3- 58.9 58.6 59.2 58.9
nitrobenzaldehyde
initial MP final

Ethyl Acetate Experimental BP was found to be: 75.6 °c

Calculations:

% error = │literature value – observed value │ x 100

Literature value

Literature melting point of Vanillin = 82 °c

% error = │82 – 84.2 │ x 100 =2.68%

82

Literature melting point of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde = 58.5 °c

% error = │58.5 – 56.4│ x 100 =3.58%

58.5

Ethyl Acetate BP Literature value = 77°c

% error = │77– 75.6 │ x 100 =1.81%

77
Maximilian Bezzegh
Lab 2

Temperature Vs Composition of Vanillin)

90
80
70
Composition
of Vanillin

60
50 y = 0.2871x + 53.51
40
R² = 0.9255
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
°c

y = 0.2871x + 53.51 where y=75.6 °c

thus x = 76.941 or about 77% vanillin. 100-77=23% 3-Nitrobenxaldehyde

Discussion:

1. our apparatus is not described

in the lab manual
2. You would use a water-cooled condenser instead of an air one when you want to condense a
liquid.
Maximilian Bezzegh
Lab 2

3. The water flows downward through a water-cooled condenser.

4. If the distillation system is sealed off completely from the outside, the condenser would collect
the condensed substance inside
5. The boiling point at 725 mmHg would be 75.35°C.
6. The melting point tells us at what temperature a substance turns from a solid to a liquid and how
pure the sample is.
7. With a pure substance A, a melting point decreases as impurity B is added, and at some point a
minimum temperature ( eutectic melting point ), is reached and the melting point begins to
increase that of substance B.
8. The eutectic melting point is that minimum temperature.