Name: Amnives \ Pate w/a yg “ Biology - Version 1 . Framing In 1835, Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, arived on the Galapagos Islands aboatttthe HMS Beagle Studying {he local finch population for five years, Darwin gathered evidence to support his theory of Evolution. Through evolution, populations vary and biological variations are inheritable. Only those organisms with the most favorable characteristies are better suited to survive and reproduce which is also known as natural selection or "survival of the fittest". Adaptations can lead to speciation, the formation of new species, Learning Target: I can construct evidence-based claims in support of evolution, 1. Describe the Theory of Evolution in your own words and cite five pieces of evidence that scientists have identified as support for the Theory of Evolution. “The Years of tdetion is the belief Laat cibege trons wane Cureect die Pe gee ne of On or nents ny , é f ors) OV povads Heer. Scitatisys bese Unig fh af vedigigl orsens vrdogs rueluees, DIVA i & 2. Identify the five fingers of evolution and describe how each influences the mechanisms of evolution, Pak) - pupiledinn aacat due te Mrenges ie Us elim cael or ages Ht of cdcptaiien cade coures em dy te ur erete cael tad eipn decree woliny [repranuctinn - ORYENEMS mate ord _Prdoe off phy GL orestere Poplobla, Kap UL Speiey alive, en . v pens 1M GHB om Ane Leni bs dep latin, Wildl ~ ye. un i Wiles SE SCR DT rtirarsemas Qf em ergnnisen, gama el OCUITHCES FAK Mien py ; ( Wees cht Spe Peels Vr 2enem naving oi(leney Led, 1a spews = OEMIEMS Mae or oof FrUlitunrvly cA one ba petcle crs tna OM for Mens ond peovicls Wen AL YK ergy “ *s . “ te pketon ‘ we ere SS chyher Xype, of mele ptan cn Uecker el3. A phylogentic tree is a diagram that shows how organisms are related through common ancestry. Use this image to answer the following questions: by pes S30 % "yareh ~ Meee ese y i i a, Identify the two organisms that are the most related. fo . b, Identify one example ofa speciation event on the phylogenetic tree. c. Identify the two organisms that are the most unrelated organisms. egy meceden Keobatoug ) A) Humosagiins ed pee 4. Using the image below, describe what aspect of comparative anatomy the image depicts, and explain how this supports the theory of evolution. aeperks Ure theory, af ove Leet Anta! SArurtun af baney msponngs uf5.a) Using the image below in figure La, identity at show. Infer why these adaptations occurred. b) Explain how one species of finch into 13 separate species using fig 1a and 1 - 3 below. c) Explain how figures | - he Sg thy es, dep\gl Ta figure one Te 9 yf Of tes st Wo speci natural seclection using specific evidence, that the surviving finches was able to evolve 3 below show an example of Figure Ta: Galapagos Finches Wath me 4 Beak Depth (mm) vena por) vot 1576 Preis 3” Fewer seatsuerotssamier — 8 220medum pound tncresivng 30 on baohne aor 176 : Grcints ertnicic el Barut prtunB 20 Gspainy OW Anvie beak Sine, Lney ate 2 39 “The Cactus Jit, @ ytomding dinck wath 1 A eyeing, b EH Caetus Bereviy Lg beak ays 1\, 72 78 83 88 93-98 103 108 117 preven is the Singne of “ ma, 1976 Parents. a 30 ee Ce eure bank nes of mec ip we Russe rund ac tegen bape $0 1 Ch} majorin sretgaytustangorine 8 & Lars oo oe finches that survived the drought of 10 Neal fou 0) aarr acta > Hey Wad ASEM Hie Gen UM, 7D 78 #888 $398 103 OTT PL OPT sice ant Beak Depth (mim) 2 5 J eecinn ua tll “Lite Lorgy. Cedbad. LAS Coanlnglll ae Va inept? - 1978 Ofpring 1 Rare nsacszesare ——~ Bap | “NA 0 ging the med 5 REUGS \, seound tenes na ane 3 oe ‘the drought of 1977. 2 OAedun cletreee eect aly dake to BS OA of ihe dias Seana, tre 5 a0 th wut aed eye 7378 83 88 93 98 103 108 1136. Honors & EEP: Identify (speci the left (1 - 3) that could lead to spe your claim. Py Seterivn d medured Seon “favurs one EUs ally name) the natural selection graph ation by creating an argument to make = OWecbional Matures solocina, a deplesed a Sere ens, ald powide Wook be teal nO WELL Sebiak ane A Neens Loceeds om Opring ia Yesifired 4 ened oy Spey va, 7. Directions; Read the passage below first, view the two figures, and then respond to the questions on the next page. The ability of organisms to blend into their surrounding environment can help species survive. However, the opposite can happen too. When an organism stands out against their surrounding environment it can lead to predation. The peppered moth, Biston betularia, isa classic example used in evolution. Once the Industrial Revolution began in England between the late 1700s and mid-1800s trees became covered in soot due to the burning of coal becoming darker in color. Darker colored moths became more suecessful and survived due to thei ability to be camouflaged against the bark. Birds did not prey upon as many darker moths as lighter moths, and the darker genes were passed onto the next generation. Figure 2. Lighter colored moths agsinst a darker ree are more likely to be predated as opposed ta darker colored moths against darker bark,mestions: oatel Ta) After reading the passage on the previous page, and viewing figures (1) and (2), explain how the peppered moth is a classic example of natural selection. ue Pra eo the, Tnducts)g\ Rudet on, Tai «cdureats me aden e POAC Cons Leger Sed Gy WTA, Les bekeame deros, wit Srede ‘A Vided Poe Q . . , van de ony. Dark col ured % hed \ we te 6 be _ ; ‘ grt) ravths hed ta eslep\e ; . o Nigh) cedure mouth bebe “Caster : vend Inectece ca daiu vain ead AguCLe + St! 7b) Background: With the start of the Industrial Revolution (IR) fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural ga’ were the leading energy sources. Coal-powered the steam locomotive, which was the main source of | yya8~ transportation during the IR due to the lack of firewood, ij: een Describe the role that humans had on impacting the environment during the Industrial Revolution. Then, predict what you think are human impacts of today that may influence plant and animals ability to survive, reproduce, and maintain biodiversity. How will natural selection and thus evolution be influenced? Homans ned ow externehy SAlvinynk ollert on Lhe tutylrganant Ale « oat ’ 7 ose a arg 30 oret Lie : ~ 4) pelsied ue almosphee, Ths ofectee! Gish Lindy erst tad of sede, ahs. Which Wmypacts Braysttms ore Yke tnyicunmwre. Using peppred enclay as om teniily Le Fadustetd Roxane 1 “iped ed & Unole ies. ¢ Crt} . certony j yea lnene, ered olor cen ohe Dei ce Engen 8 Lon hate Palliun 1A (Ke Aarons ord eb re a MN va Gnimals, end elbo sevtely < ome BD Due by Wig pdllutin in tie ett, Meligig Cor Indores 2) Auge brig coune levis Uhich Impnetet civil’ heal Mument ure mat 2 Ya ed CSYSHEML BA AE cee oun \ At 115 Ae hepppg rere mal mom spare wil ga ck ned a megs anit Oh Ree, dace. A popderter eles ehh « Neteral selectvan 280 ome wah Mtyniioay Wordly fu Chinn ay Servet, bl eb oe pack Che ra be gare d Seat ntny «AL chanyEEP BIOLOGY ONLY Blick Bears European Brown Bears Polar Bears Wester North American Brown Beary Asian Brown Bears SS 3040 4 32 4 Hundreds of Thousands of Years Ago gure 1. Phylogenetic tree representing the evolutionary relatedness among bear populations based on mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons 1) Polar bears are highly adapted for life around the North Pole. Brown bears, black bears, and pandas are found in ‘warmer environments. Researchers collected complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from several populations of bears and constructed a phylogenetic tree to represent their relatedness (figure 1). 2) A researcher studying adaptation in bears sequenced the nuclear gene encoding a lysosomal trafficking protein (LYST) in polar bears, brown bears, black bears, and panda bears. There are seven inferred amino acid substitutions that are found only in polar bears, Mutations that cause similar substitutions in the human LYST protein are associated with Chediak-Higashi syndrome, an autosomal recessive condition in which pigment is absent from the hair and eyes. The researcher used the inferred amino acid sequences to build the distance matrix shown in Table 1 ‘TABLE I. AMINO ACID DIFFERENCES IN THE LYST PROTEIN AMONG BEAR SPECIES Panda | Black | Brown | Polar Panda - Black 3 = Brown 4 1 = Polar 40 7 8 =a J a 1 Choose either a or b, and either ¢ or d to answer: (a) Use the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 to estimate the age in hundreds of thousands of years of the most recent common ancestor of all brown bears. Identify the population of brown bears to which polar bears are most closely related based on the mitochondrial DNA sequence comparison. Identify wo populations whose positions could be switched without affecting the relationships illustrated in the phylogenetic tree. (b) Construet a cladogram on the template to represent a model of the evolutionary relatedness among the bear species based on the differences in LYST protein sequences (Table 1). Cirele the position on the cladogram that represents the out-group (c) A student claims that mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons provide a more accurate phylogeny of bear species than do LYST protein sequence comparisons. Provide ONE piece of reasoning to support the student's claim. (d) A researcher genetically engineers a mouse strain by deleting the mouse ys? gene and replacing it with the polar bear {vst gene. Predict the most likely difference in phenotype of the transgenic mouse strain compared to the wild-type mouse strain. Justify your prediction, CO) The mest ve DX Commo ancoyur a brown Gee as Se eens >Y OW Wears GAO, Tre gepration f & in ci a / v UR ce aos sak tet 4 ~ or leuvaten Drow” beeys. 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