ANSI/AWWA C206-17 é (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C206-11) American Water Works Association Dedicated to the World's Most Important Resource® AWWA Standard —_ t—‘—sS['[[[ Field Welding of Steel Water Pipe Effective date: April 1, 2017. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 10, 1946, This edition approved Jan. 14, 2017. Approved by American National Standards Institute Nov. 1, 2016. A\. | STANDARD SEES | Since 1881 Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard, Its not a specification, AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Unt each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. 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The action becomes effective on the frst day of ‘the month following the month of journal - American Water Works Association publication of the oficial notice American National Standard ‘An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions ‘An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or nat, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proce dures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cau. Luoned to obtain the latest editions. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, exceptin she form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2017 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA, ii Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,Committee Personnel “The task group for updating ANSV/AW'WA C206 had the following personnel: Nash Williams, Chair S.A, Amnaout, Forterra, Dallas, Texas H. Bardakjian, Manufacturer's Consultant, Glendale, Calif. J. Buratto, Lifelast Inc., Austin, Texas RJ. Card, Consultant, Sugarhill, Ga. D, Dechant, Manufacturer's Consultant, Aurora, Colo. J. Forni, Jifeo Inc., Livermore, Calif. B. Hansen, National Welding Corporation, Midvale, Utah B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Draper, Utah J. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. R. Miclke, Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C J. Olmos, Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. G. Ruchti, Consultant, Punta Gorda, Fla. RUN, Satyarthi, Baker Coupling Company, Los Angeles, Calif. C. Shelley, Victaulic Company, Atlanta, Ga. B. Simpson, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. M.A. Vanderbosch, CAB Inc., Oakwood, Ga. N. Williams, National Welding Corporation, Midvale, Utah (AWWA) (awWa) (AWWA) (awWa) (AWWA) (awWa) (AWWA) (awWa) (AWWA) (awWa) (AWWA) (awWa) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) The AWWA Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval John H. Bambei Jr, Chair Dennis Dechant, Vice-Chair John L. Luka, Secretary General Interest Members WR. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Led., Skokie, IIL RJ. Card, Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam, Houston, Texas RL. Coffey, HDR Engineering Inc., Omaha, Neb. S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif. RLL. Gibson, Freese and Nichols Inc., Fort Worth, ‘Texas itt Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved, (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA)M.D. Gossett," HDR, Denver, Colo. M.B. Horsley;* Horsley Engineering LLC, Overland Park, Kan, RA. Kufaas, Norske Corrosion & Inspection Services Ltd., Surrey, B.C., Canada J.L. Mattson, Corrosion Control 1 -chnologies, Sandy, Utah A, Murdock, CH2M HILL, Salt Lake City, Utah R. Ortega, Consultant, Houston, Texas E.S. Ralph,! Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. AE. Romer, AECOM, Orange, Calif J.R. Snow, MWH Americas, Denver, Colo. WR, Whidden, Woolpert, Winter Park, Fla Producer Members DW. Angell,! Standards Council Liaison, American Flow Control, Birmingham, Ala S.A, Arnaout, Forterra, Grand Prairie, Texas HLH, Bardakjian, Consultant, Glendale, Calif. D. Dechant, Dechant Infrastructure Service, Aurora, Colo. V. DeGrande,* Ameron Water Transmission Group, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. WE. Geyer, Steel Plate Fabricators Association, Lake Zurich, IL B.D. Keil, Norchwest Pi J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, $.C. R. Mielke,* Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C. pe Company, Draper, Utah, J. Olmos, Ameron Water Transmission Group, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif, GF. Ruchti* Consultant, Punta Gorda, Fla B.P. Simpson,* American Cast Iron Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. CC, Sundberg, Vietaulic, Issaquah, Wash. D. Walker, Avid Protective Products LTD/Tnemec Company, Oakville (One, Canada JA. Wise, Canus International Sales Inc., Surrey, B.C., Canada User Members G.A. Andersen, New York City Bureau of Water Supply, Little Neck, NY. JH. Bambei Jr, Bambei Engineering Services, Arvada, Colo, “Alternate # Liaison, nonvoting iv Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved, (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (SEPA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA)B. Cheng, Metro Vancouver, Burnaby, B.C., Canada ME. Conner, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif RY. ise, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. S. Hattan, Tarrant Regional Water District, Fort Worth, Texas PK. Karna, Tacoma Water, Tacoma, Wash. ‘TJ. Jordan,* Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, Calif M. McReynolds, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Oak Park, Calif M. Turney.” Denver Water, Denver, Colo. NAA. Wigner, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Los Angeles, Calif. © Alkernate v Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved, (AWWA) (AWWA) (BUREC) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA)“This page intentionally blank. Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,Contents AIL AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. sec PAGE PAGE Foreword General Requirements nononnnsnn 4 1 Introduction - ix 43° Joine Types 5 LA Background, ix 4.4 Qualification of Welding LB History. ooennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnne ix Procedures, Welders, and LC Acceptance... x Welding Operators 7 Il Special Issues, xi 45 Welding Electrodes 8 IIL Use of ‘This Standard jesse xi 46 Welding Procedure Details. 8 HLA Purchaser Options and 47 — Repair of Welds. W Altonatives “5 Verification MILB Modification to Standard soe $5.1 Yygpection sossmnnnannennnesnn u TV Major Revisions MH 5.2 Testing wosnnnnnninnnninnnnnnnnn 2 Standard 5.3. Rejection 13 1 General 6 Delivery 11 Scope 1 61 Marking 4 1.2 Purpose... 2 6.2 Packaging and Shipping. M 13 Application. 2 63 Affidavit of Compliance 15 2 References 2 Figures 3 Definitions... 31 File Weld Sizesnronsomnnnnnnnns 9 2 Look-Box for Vacuum Testing 4 Requirements of Circumferential Weld 4.1 Materials 4 Seams. 4 vil Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,“This page intentionally blank. Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,Foreword ‘This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI'YAWWA C206. L Introduction. LA. Background. ‘Ihe provisions of this standard describe the requirements for welding steel water pipe joints in water transmission and distribution lines. The purchaser for each project is responsible for determining if any unusual circumstances related to the project require additional provisions that are not included in the standard. “The design of field-welded joints is not discussed in this standard, Useful informa- tion on this subject may be found in AWWA Manual M11, Steel Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation and in. Useful Information on the Design of Plate Structures (American Iron and Steel Instituce) After the welded field joint has been completed, if the pipe has been coated ot lined, che joint shall be coated and lined with a coating system compatible with that on the body of the pipe, in accordance with the requirements for field repairs stated in the appropriate AWWA coating or lining standard. For lap-welded pipe with an inside diameter equal to or exceeding 48 in, (1,200 mm) and where she purchaser deems single welding to be acceptable, inside welding is recom: mended. Safety precautions shall be utilized in all pipe sizes, although when pipe with inside diameters less than 48 in. (1,200 mm) down co 27 in. (675 mm) is welded from the inside, additional safety precautions shall be observed. Interior welding on pipe diameters less chan 27 in, (675 mm) is nos recommended. Pipe requiring inside welds with limited access should be supplied with 3-in, (75-mm) diameter weld lead pass holes at approximately 400-f¢ (122-m) centers to allow passage of welding leads to the joint location, Shorter distances between pass holes may be required, depending on actual project conditions. Pass holes in the pipe will permit shorter welding leads and thus avoid erratic voltage drops caused by excessively long welding leads. ‘Ihe pass hole is fabricated using a weldable-grade inside-threaded pipe half-coupling-welded to ahole cut through the pipe wall. Alter using the pass hole, a weldable-geade plug shall be threaded into the opening and scal-welded to secure. = Ametican National Standards Insticute, 25 West 43ed Steet, Fourth Foot, New York, NY 10036. ‘AWWA Manual MII. Stee Pipe—A Guide for Design and Insallation. Denver, CO: AWWA, 4 Useful Information on the Design of Plate Seructures, Steel Plate Engineering Data, Vel. 2, American Iron and Steel Institute, 1101 17th Street, NW, Suite 1300, Washington, DC 20036. ix Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,LB. History. “This standard was first approved as tentative by AWWA in January 1946 and by the American Welding Society (AWS) in October 1945. It was advanced to standard status by AWWA in 1950 and by AWS in 1951. The joint AWWA- through revisions in 1957 (AWWA C206-57, AWS D7.0-57) and 1962 (AWWA €206-62, AWS D7.0-62a). ‘The joint committee was dissolved in 1971, and the standard was assigned to the AWWA Standards Committee on Steel Pipe. Subsequent editions of the standard were published in 1975, 1982, 1988, 1991, 1997, 2003, and 2011. ‘This edition was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 14, 2017. LC. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US AWS activity conti wironmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF*) co develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). ‘The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking ‘Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, of in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states. Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those requited by the state. To evaluate the health cffects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1, Specific policies of the state or local agency. 2. ‘Two standards developed under the direction of NSF: NSE/ANST 60, Drinking Water ‘Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking ‘Water System Components—Health Effects. 3. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex,S and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. ‘Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor dance with NSF/ANSI 61, Individual states of local agencies have authority to accept * NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. 1 Water Reseatch Foundation, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235. Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. ‘§Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, ‘Washington, DC 20418, x Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi- fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSFIANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAT) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). ‘The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” ate based on toxicity testing guidelines (ooncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA C206 does not address additives requirements. Users of this stan- dard should consult the appropriate state of local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Derermine curtent information on product certification. Il. Special Issues. ‘This standard has no applicable information for this section. IIL. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA, standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. ILA. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. "The following information should be provided by the purchaser. 1. Standard used—that is, ANSUAWWA C206, Field Welding of Steel Water Pipe, of latest revision. 2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water ‘Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, is required 3. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.1.) Provisions for alleviation of thermal stresses (See. 4.2.6). ‘Type of joint Sec. 4.3). Lap joint (See. 4.3.2). 7. Butt joint (ee. 4.3.3). 8. Option regarding backing rings (Sec. 4.3.3.D. 9. Seal weld of bute straps to facilitate an air test (See. 4.3.4) 10. Notch tough weld criteria, if required, temperature of test, and test values (ee. 4.6.10) 11, Weld inspection, iff required (Sec. 5.1.3). 12. Testing methods, if required (Sec. 5.2). xi Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,13. Nondestructive testing of welded joints if substituted for hydrostatic tests (ec. 5.2.2) 14, Affidavie of compliance (Sec. 6.3). TILB. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. IV. Major Revisions. Major changes made co the standard in this revision include the following: 1. Some additional wording was added in Sec. 1.1, Scope, to clarify the role of AWS DI.1 as the supporting document to the standard 2. The definitions of CJP and WPS were revised to be consistent with the sup- porting documents (Section 3). 3. Sec. 4.2.6, Thermal-Stress Control, was revised, including adding a sentence on weld-after-backfill. 4, Sec. 4.3.3, Butt Joints, was revised to provide additional explanation for the three types of groove welds. 5. Section 4.6.2, Preparation of Welding Surfaces, was revised adding clarifica- tion that coatings or primers must be removed before welding 6. Section 4.6.3, Lap-Joint Assembly, was revised clarifying the fillet-weld geometry and adding a new Figure 1. 7. Section 5.2.2.1, Testing Field-Butt Joints Wich or Without Backing Rings, was revised to add a note clarifying that radiographic testing should not be used for butt joints with steel backing. V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call AWWA Engineering and ‘Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.795.7608; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098; or email at standards@awwa.org xii Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,\. ANSI/AWWA C206-17 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C206-11) American Water Works Association Dedicated to the World's Most Important Resource® AWWA Standard — t—‘S™N Field Welding of Steel Water Pipe SECTION 1: | GENERAL Sec. LI = American N ‘American Welding Society, 550 Northwest LeJuen Scope This standard describes manual, semiautomatic, and automatic field welding by the metal arc-welding processes for steel water pipe manufactured in accordance with ANSF/AWWA C200, Steel Water Pipe—6 In. (150 mm) and Larger. This standard describes field-performed full circumferential welding of three types of pipe joints: (1) lap joints, (2) buce joints, and (3) buct-strap joints. This standard also applies to other welding required in field fabrication and installation of spe- cials and appurtenances. However, when possible, pipe fabrications and fittings should be performed by the manufacturer at a manufacturing facility. The design of field-welded joints is not covered within this standard. ‘This standard recognizes AWS! D1.1 as the supporting document. AWWA. C206 references subclauses within the AWS D1.1 clauses (previously referred to as sections) on Prequalification, Qualification, Fabrication, and Inspection. When AWWA C206 is silent regarding a requirement listed in AWS DILL, such require- ment is not required in AWWA C206. Although AWS D1.1 supports AWWA, C206 in many sections, when there is a conflict between these documents then AWWA C206 shall govern. ynal Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, N¥ 10036. Road, Miami, FL 33126, 1 Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,2 AWWA 206-17 ‘Welding of gasketed joints may require modification to the parameters of this welding standard. Sec. 1.2 Purpose “The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for field welding and inspection of steel water pipe. Sec. 1.3. Application ‘This standard can be referenced in documents for field welding of steel water pipe. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been refer- enced and then only to ficld welding of steel water pipe. SECTION 2: | REFERENCES = ASME Io +ASTM Internat ‘This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. ANSUAWWA C200—Steel Water Pipe—6 In. (150 mm) and Larger. ANSU/AWWA C205—Cement-Mortar Protective Lining and Coating for Steel Water Pipe—4 In. (100 mm) and Larger—Shop Applied. ANSUAWWA C206—Field Welding of Steel Water Pipe ANSI/AWWA C209 — Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for Steel Water Pipe, Special Sections, Connections, and Fittings ANSUAW WA C214—Tape Coatings for Steel Water Pipe. ANSUAWWA C215—Extruded Polyolefin Coatings for Steel Water Pipe. ANSUAWWA. C216—Heat-Shrinkable Cross-Linked Polyolefin Coatings for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings. ASME* Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC)—Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels ASTM! A370—Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical ‘Testing of Steel Products. AWS A2.4—Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination. sonal, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, smal, 100 Bare Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,FIELD WELDING OF STEEL WATER PIPE 3 AWS A3.0—Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Cutting , and ‘Thermal Spraying, AWS D1.1—Structural Welding Code—Stecl. AWWA M11—Steel Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation. SECTION 3: _ DEFINITIONS The following definitions shall apply in this standacd 1. CIP: Complete joint penetration as defined in AWS A3.0. 2. Constructor: The party that provides the work and materials for place: ment of installation, 3. CWE Certified welding inspector 4, Faying surfaces: The mating surface of a member that is in contact with, or in close proximity to, another member to which ic is to be joined. 5. Full-filet weld: A filler weld with both legs of the weld equal in size to the thickness of the thinner member joined, 6. Manufacturer: ‘The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products. 7. NDI: Nondestructive testing. 8. PQR: Procedure qualification record. A record of welding variables used to produce an acceptable test weldment and the results of the tests conducted con the weldment to qualify a welding procedure specification. 9. Purchaser: ‘The person, company, of organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed. 10. WPS; Welding procedure specification. A document providing the required welding variables for a specific application to ensure repeatability by prop- erly trained welders and welding operators 11. WQR: Welder qualification record. The document to describe the welder testing and results of chat testing that allows certification of a welder to perform welding 12, Weld-afier-backfill, “The sequence of assembling a lap-welded joint, welding the outside weld (if required), applying the external joint pipe coating sys- tem, backfilling the pipe, and then welding the inside joint at a later time (where inside welding is safe and practical). 13, Welder or welding operator: A person who performs a manual, semi- automatic, of automatic welding operation, Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,4 AWWAC206-17 14. Welding symbols: Symbols used on documents to define weld type, size, location, and geometry. 15. Welding terms: Welding terms shall be interpreted in accordance with the definitions given in AWS A3.0, supplemented by terminologies identified in AWS DL SECTION 4: | REQUIREMENTS See. 4.1 Materials 4.1 General, Material provided and work completed shall meet the requirements of this standard, ‘Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act and other federal regulations for potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water systems as applicable Sec.4.2 General Requirements 4.21 Construction drawings. Consteuction drawings shall be the pur chaser's drawings or approved constructors drawings. 4.2.2 Equipment. The constructor’s equipment for welding shall be designed and maintained in such condition as to permit qualified welding operators «o follow the welding procedure details (Sec. 4.6) and obtain the results prescribed, 4.2.3. Welding proces. Welding shall be performed by any welding process shat will (1) produce a joint meeting the minimum strength requirements of the base metals and (2) meet the welding procedure qualification required in Sec. 44 of this standard, except that the short-circuiting transfer mode of che gas metal arc-welding process shall not be used for weld sizes greater than %s in. (48 mm)+ 4.24 Safety and environmental considerations, Welding, custing, and grinding operations will produce smoke and fumes. In confined spaces, the con- structor may be required to utilize exhaust ventilation systems, employ air-mon- itoring equipment, and take other actions to ensure meeting safety regulations Interior pipe welding shall only be performed after safe and adequate access and ‘egress are provided for the personnel, Federal, state ot provincial, and local regula- sions shall also be followed, Metric conversions given in this standard are direct conversione of US customary units and ate not those specified {in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,FIELD WELDING OF STEEL WATER PIPE 5 4.2.5 Pipe condition. Prior to welding, ends of pipe to be welded shall be in conformance with the requirements for end preparation for field joints in accor dance with ANSI/AW WA C200. Any linings or coatings shall be held back in an amount that is appropriate for the type of joint 4.2.6 Thermal-stress control. For welded joint pipelines, variations in pipe temperature at the time of installation and the temperature difference between the pipeline and the temperature of the fluid being transported during operation may induce thermal stresses. Anticipated thermal stresses should be evaluated by the purchaser. Various methods are available to reduce thermal stresses, such as shading the pipe in the trench, using backfill as insulation, making certain joint welds (par- ticularly when closure joints are made) at a time of day when the temperature is the lowest, or a combination of these methods. ‘The weld-after-backfill process can ib- eliminate thermal control joints if the p ipeline is allowed to reach thermal equi rium with the backfill prior to welding In exposed applications, couplings of expansion joints may be used to control thermal stresses as long as the movement in cach joint is less than the maximum allowed by the applicable AWWA standard or as recommended by the coupling manufacturer, Sec. 4.3 Joint Types 4.31 General. Joints shall be lap joints, butt joints, or butestrap joints, as specified by the purchaser. 4.3.2 Lap joints, Lap joints shall be full-filler single-welded unless oth- erwise specified by the purchaser. Field joints shall be assembled so that seams in. adjacent pipe sections are offset from each other by at least five times the thickness of the thinner of the pipes being joined. 4.3.2.1. Single-welded lap joints. At the option of the constructor and subject to the purchaser's approval, single-welded lap joints may be welded from. cither the outside of the pipe or from the inside of the pipe if the diameter is large enough, 4.3.2.2. Double-welded lap joints. If specified by the purchaser, double- welded lap joints (welded inside and outside) shall be required. 4.3.2.3. Single-welded lap joints with air testing. If specified by the pur- chaser, single-welded lap joints with air testing shall be completed by the addition of a second weld to facilitate the air test described in Sec. 5.2.2.2. This second weld shall only be a seal weld, Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,6 AWWA 206-17 43.3. Butt joints, Burt joints shall be a groove weld with backing (oot not back gouged), groove weld without backing (root back-gouged), or groove weld with- out backing (root not back gouged) at the option of the purchaser, and shall be com- plete joint penetration (CTP) welds. Field joints shall be assembled so that seams in adjacent pipe sections are offiet from each other by at leat five times the thickness of the thinner of the pipes being joined. As noted in AWS D1.1 for CJP groove welds, single side welding without backing or back gouging is not prequalified. 43.3.1 Single-groove butt joints. At the option of the purchaser, single- {groove butt joints may be welded from the outside of the pipe or from inside the pipe if the diameter is large enough. Backing rings will assist in proper alignment and may be used unless otherwise prohibited. ‘The exterior backing ring should remain after welding unless otherwise required. ‘The interior backing ring may remain alter welding, subject to evaluation of possible interference with the interior lining, wich agreement of the purchaser. Depending on the welding process used, the butt joint without a backing ring may require back grinding or back gouging, then back welding on the opposite side of the bevel to achieve a CJP butt joint Back grinding or gouging ensures complete removal of embedded slag. 43.4 Butt-strap joints. Bute straps shall receive complete circumferential single-welded full-filler welds, either on the inside or outside of the bute strap. If specified by the purchaser, a double-welded butt strap with full-illet welds shall include welding both the inside and outside of the butt strap. Butt straps may be shop-attached by welding to one pipe end or shipped loose for field attachment and. welding. The butt straps shall have a minimum plate thickness equal to the thinnest member being joined and shall be fabricated from material of equivalent minimum physical properties of the thinnest member and compatible chemical properties of both members being joined. Strap width shall be not less than 4 in. (102 mm) for pipe less than 36 in. (900 mm) in nominal diameter and 6 in. (152 mm) for pipe 36 in. (900 mm) in nominal diamever and larger. The minimum lap becween pipe ‘ends and the edge of the bute strap shall be 1 in, (25 mm) for pipe less than 36 in. (900 mm) in nominal diameter and 2 in, (51 mm) for pipe 36 in. (900 mr) in nominal diameter and larger. Longitudinal seams of bute straps shall be joined by CJP welded bute joints. See AWS D1.1 for various joint details. For butestrap joints, the seams of adjacent pipe sections may be in alignment, provided the butestrap seams are offset from the pipe seams by at least five times the thickness of the thinner member involved in the joint. At the option of the constructor and subject co the purchaser's approval, the butt strap may be welded Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,FIELD WELDING OF STEEL WATER PIPE 7 from the outside of the pipe or from inside the pipe if t diameter is large enough. ‘With che purchaser's approval, either the inside or the outside weld may be a seal weld to facilitate an air test as described in Sec. 5.2.2.2 if the other weld provides sufficient strength to carry all loads anticipated at the joint Sce.4.4 Qualification of Welding Procedures, Welders, and Welding Operators 44.1 General. Joint-welding procedures to be used for work under the provisions of this standard and welders, welding operators, and tack welders shall he qualified by tests, except procedures that comply with Sec. 4.4.2. General requirements for qualification shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1, Qualifiea- tion clause. (Nos: A pipeline is not “tubular construction” as defined in AWS D1.1) Written procedures shall be prepared by the constructor and shall be made available to the welders at the jobsite and to those authorized to examine the welds. 44.2 Procedure qualification record (PQR). “The PQR document provides the verification that the welding method and operating values provide the required metallurgical and mechanical characteristics. 443 Welding procedure specification (WPS). "The WPS will provide the operating ranges (voltage, amperage, travel speed, ete) allowed during the actual welding operations. Certain joint welding procedures, as outlined in AWS D1.1, Prequalification of Welding Procedure Specifications clause, are prequalified and are exempt from tests by following AWS D1.1 requirements. Other procedures shall be qualified in accordance with AWS D1.1+* 444 Welder, welding-operator, and tack welder qualification. Welders and welding operators shall be qualified by tests as prescribed in AWS DL.11 The welder qualification record (WQR) provides certification that the welder, welding operator, or tack welder is qualified to perform welding under this standard. The welder and welding operator qualification will remain in effect indefinitely unless () the welder is not engaged in a given process of welding for which the welder or welding operator is qualified for a period exceeding six months or unless (2) chere is some specific reason to question a welder’s or welding operator’ ability ‘A tack welder who passes the tests as prescribed in AWS DI. shall be con- sidered eligible to perform tack welding indefinitely in the positions and with the 1.1, Table 47, relers to qualification of welding procedures with a base metal included in group I and group Hof Table 3.1 in AWS D1.1. For the purposes of AWWA C206, group 1 and group IT materials shal also include pipe produced using any steel or pipe listed in AWWA C200, AWS DL, Clause 3.3, states base metal and filler metals listed in ‘Table 3.1 may be used in prequalified welding procedure specification (WPS) as described in AWS D.L1. Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,8 AWWA 206-17 process for which the tack welder is qualified unless there is some specific reason to question the tack welder’s ability. 4441 Records, Records of che test results shall be kept by the construc- or and shall be available to the purchaser. Sec. 4.5 Welding Electrodes 45.1 General. Welding clectrodes shall be the same classification as those used for the welding-procedure qualification in See. 4.4.2. When low-hydrogen clectrodes are used for welding, the constructor shall control the storage and han- dling of electrodes to maintain the low-hydrogen characteristics as recommended by the electrode manufacturer Sec. 4.6 Welding Procedure Details 4G. General, Welds in the pipe and the attachments shall be performed in strict accordance with the qualification procedures stated in Sec. 4.4. Weld sym- bols shall be as defined under AWS A2.4. Special welding conditions shall be fully explained by added notes or details, 46.2. Preparation of welding surfaces. Sutfaces to be welded shall be free from moisture, scale, slag, heavy rust, grease, coatings, paint, primer, cement, or any other foreign material. Joint surfaces shall be smooth, uniform, and free from defects that adversely affect proper welding. After wire brushing, any residual light film of ruse remaining on the cut or sheared edges to be welded need not be removed. Surfaces that were previously thermal cut (torch cut) or gouged shall be ground to remove slag and oxidation Factory-applied coatings or primers shall be removed from pipe ends prior co engaging the «wo pipe ends where the engagement of the bell and spigot will not allow cleaning after engagement. Coatings or primers even when advertised as “weldable” are not allowed to remain on the pipe ends. 46.3 Lap-joint assembly. Clearance between faying surfaces of lap joints shall not exceed Ys in, (3.2 mm) at any location for fillet welds on pipe having wall thicknesses less than or equal to Yc in. (79 mm), and clearance between faying sur- faces of lap joints shall not exceed %¢ in. (4.8 mm) at any location for fillet welds on pipe having wall thicknesses greater than Ye in, (7.9 mmm). In the event that the fay- ing surfaces exceed these tolerances, verify if the pipe ends comply with the required manufacturing tolerances; if so, the constructor shall fit the area to within the toler- ances stated in this section. The minimum overlap of the assembled bell-and-spigot sections of the joint shall be 1 in. (25 mm) or three times the thickness of the belled Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,FIELD WELDING OF STEEL WATER PIPE 9 Ee Fil weit Face Figure 1 Fillet-weld size pipe, whichever is greater. No part of any ficld weld shall be closer than 1 in. (25 mm) to the neatest point of tangency to a bell radius. Joint fabrication tolerances shall be in accordance with ANSVAWWA C200. ‘The fillet-weld Leg A size shall be the specified thickness plus the root open- ing beowcen the two overlapping plates. Leg B shall be of equal or greater length than Leg A, subject to the allowances in AWS D1, Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria for Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections clause (See Figure 1). In the event a fillee weld connects two members having different wall thicknesses, the allowable gap will be governed by the Leg A wall thickness 4.6.4 Weld-after-backfill sequence, Welding inside field joints after back- fill is an acceptable practice under this standard, provided the requirements of ANSIAW WA €205, C206, C209, C214, C215, C216, and other applicable AWWA standards are followed. Consult with the manufacturers subject to the above-teferenced standards regarding recommended products, installation, and backfill procedures required for the weld-after-backfill sequence. At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall provide testing or historical information to verify that the exterior joint coating will comply with the applicable material stan- dard and the coating manufacturer's requirements after completion of the welding, Nore: In all cases, the exterior coating manufacturer should be consulted to verify its product is intended for the weld-after-backfill application with the project-specific conditions. ‘The constructor shall adhere strictly to the specified stab depth minimum and joint gap tolerances, Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,10 AWWA C206-17 465 Weather conditions, Welding shall not be performed when the ambient temperature is less than 0°F (18°C) or when surfaces are wet from rain, condensation, snow, or ice, or during periods of high wind, unless the work is properly protected. Regardless of the ambient « ditions, the metal temperature in the pipe wall shall not be less than 32°F (0°C) at any point within 3 in, (76 mm) of the point of welding or four times the pipe wall thickness, whichever is greater. 46.6 Prebeating. Preheating of the joints to be welded shall be performed in accordance with AWS D1.1, Prequalified Minimum Preheat and Interpass perature clause, When preheating is required, it shall extend ahead of the point of welding a minimum distance of four times the plate thickness and not less than 3 in, (76 mm) on each side of the seam. Proper prcheat temperature shall he determined periodically during welding by checking the material at a point at least four times the plate thickness and not less than 3 in. (76 mm) on either side of the seam, 46.7 Tack welding Small erection tack welds used in the assembly of joins rced not be removed provided (I) they are sound and their size does not exceed the subsequently applied root pass; (2) they do not interfere with welding procedures required for closure joints to control thermal stresses (Sec. 4.2.6); (3) they do not prevent the proper distribution of the annular space to control the distance between faying surfaces in lap joints (Sec. 4.6.3); (4) the electrodes used in making the tack welds shall be the same as used in the final welds; and (5) welding is performed in strict accordance with the qualification procedures stated in Sec. 4.4 46.8 Weld appearance and weld contour. The welds shall be applied using continuous stringer beads or a weave pattern mecting AWS 1.1. Each bead shall be cleaned and descaled before the su ding bead is applied. Welded joints shall not be covered or coated until after welding is completed and the weld accepted. 46.8.1 Surface pass. The surface pass on welds shall be central to the seam, and all surface passes shall be smooth and free from depression. ‘The final weld surface shall be free from weld slag and porosity. 46.8.2 Undercutting, overlapping, and finished fillet weld. Undercut- ting of the base metal in pipe and adjoining the weld, which exceeds AWS D1.1 requirements, is a defect and shall be repaired. Burning back the inside or outside corner during application of a fillet weld shall be permitted if the edge can be clearly defined. ‘The finished fillet weld shall be free of grooves, deep valleys, or ridges and shall contain no abrupt changes in the section at the toe 4.6.8.3 Lap-weld or fillet-weld face. ‘The face of fillet welds shall be flat to slightly convex; see Figure 1 Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,FIELD WELDING OF STEEL WATER PIPE 11 4.6.84 Weld defects. Cracks in welds and base metal, incomplete fusion, lack of complete joint penetration (including fillet welds that do not penetrate past the point of intersection of the members being joined), and weld overlap are unac~ ceptable. Pinholes and porosity are unacceptable and shall be repaired according to See. 47. Arc strikes outside the weld boundary are unacceptable and shall be ground flush with the base metal and shall be repaired according to See. 4.7 if additional weld metal is required. 46.9 Matching butt joints, Bure joints shall be accurately aligned and retained in position during the welding operation so that in the finished joint the abutting pipe sections shall not be misaligned by more than 20 percent of the pipe wall thickness or a maximum of Yin, (3.2 mm), whichever is less, 4.610 Notch tough welds. When required for the pipe material or requested by the purchaser, welding procedures shall be qualified to provide notch tough welds. Filler material shall meet the same toughness requirements as the base metal or as required by the purchaser's documents. If not otherwise specified, the minimum average value of absorbed energy shall be 20 fe-lb (33.9 N-m) at 32°F (0°C) or the lowest anticipated service temperature, whichever is lower. Charpy V-notch (CVN) transverse specimens shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A370 and AWS D1, Clause 4, Part D, Requirements for CYN Testing Sec.4.7 Repair of Welds 471 Repair of defective welds. Welds that are defective shall be repaired to meet the requirements of Sec. 4.5 and 4.6. 4711 Defects in welds. Defects in welds or defective welds shall be removed and that section of the joint shall then be rewelded. ‘The amount of mate- rial removed shall be limited to that required to correct the defect. After the repair is made, the joint shall be checked by repeating the original test procedure utilized to locate the defect. SECTION 5: VERIFICATION Sec.5.1 Inspection Inspection ora lack of inspection shall not relieve the constructor ofthe respon sibility for performing work in accordance with this standard. The constructor Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,12 AWWAC206-17 shall notify the purchaser before performing any work under the provisions of this, standard so that the purchaser can prepare for the inspection. 5. project that are involved with the performance of any work pertaining to this 1 Access. ‘The purchaser shall have free access to those areas of the standard. 5.1.2 Facilities. ‘The constructor shall provide the purchaser with rea- sonable facilities and space for inspection, testing, and obtaining the information required co determine the character of materials used, the progress and conditions of the work, and the results obrained. 5.1.3 Weld inspection, When requested by the purchaser, a full-time weld- ing inspector shall be present whenever there is welding to be performed. ‘The weld- ing inspector shall have prior pipe-welding inspection experience and shall be a certified welding inspector (CWI) in accordance with the provisions of AWS D1.L 5.14 Visual inspection. Field welds shall be visually inspected by an indi- vidual who by training, experience, or both, in metals fabrication, inspection, and testing is competent to perform the visual inspection. Any of the weld defects identified by visual inspection shall be cause for rejection, and the deficient weld shall be repaired or replaced. ‘The acceptance criteria for field welds shall meet the requirements of AWS D1.1, Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria for Statically Loaded Noncubular Connections clause, except as modified in See. 4.6.8. Sec. 5.2 Testing Inspection and testing for weld integrity shall be performed unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, All welds shall be visually inspected in accordance with See. 5.14. 5.2.1 Hydrostatic test, “Tests for leaks in all types of welded joint pipelines shall be made by hydrostatically testing the entire pipeline, unless the procedures, frequency of tests, and standards for acceptance ot rejection of an alternative non- destructive method are approved by the purchaser. If leakage exceeds the amount allowed in the purchaser's documents, the leaks shall be located and repaired in accordance with Sec. 47. 5.2.2 Alternative tests, In liew of the hydrostatic test, the purchaser may approve nondestructive testing (NDT) of welded joints 5.2.2.1 Testing ficld-bute joints with or without backing rings. Field-bute joints with or without a backing ring may be tested by 100 percent magnetic particle testing using acceptance criteria as stated in AWS D1.1 or 100 percent ultrasonic Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,FIELD WELDING OF STEEL WATER PIPE 13, testing of 10 percent of the joints, using methods and acceptance criteria in ASME, BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1 Nore: Radiographic testing of butt joints with stee! backing shall not be uti- lized because of the difficulty inherent in interpreting the results. 5.2.2.2 Testing field fillecweld joints. Field filletweld joints used for single-welded lap joints, double-welded lap joints, and butestrap joints may be tested using magnetic particle testing procedures and acceptance criteria as stated, in AWS DI1.1. Magnetic particle testing is not required for a seal weld used vo facilitate air-tested joints unless the seal weld is a structural clement of the joint. Double-welded lap joints can also be tested by shop drilling and capping a Y4-in, (64-mm) national pipe thread hole into the spigot or bell end of the pipe Apply approximately 40 psi (276 kPa) of ait, or other satisfactory gas, into the annular space between the two fillet welds and maintain for a period of 5 minutes. If the pressure remains at 40 psi (276 kPa), the test is considered passed. If the test pressure drops below 40 psi (276 kPa), maintain the pressure at 40 psi (276 kPa) from an external source and paint the welds with a soap solution. Mark any leaks indicated by che escaping gas bubbles and repair leak indications per Sec. 47. Afier successfully passing the test, close the threaded openings with pipe plugs or by welding, Nore: Radiographic or ultrasonic testing of lap joints shall not be utilized because of the difficulty inherent in interpreting the results 5.2.2.3 Vacuum box test. Both butejoint welds and fillet welds may be tested using a vacuum box. In this test, the weld is painted with a soap solution, a clear plastic box with a foam perimeter is placed over the test section, and a vacuum is induced in the box (see Figure 2). Mark any leaks indicated by the escaping gas, bubbles and repair according to Sec. 4.71. This test method may requite additional hold-back for coatings and linings to allow a proper seal Nore: Vacuum boxes have been traditionally constructed of a sealed clear plastic cover with an open bottom. ‘The open bottom is sealed against the pipe surface by a closed-cell foam rubber gasket. Vacuum gauges, valves, and vacuum pump or air ejector are attached. ‘The gauge should register a partial vacuum of at least 10 in. (250 mm) of mercury when testing the weld seam. See. 5.3 Rejection Any work that is not in accordance with the requirements of this standard shall be rejected. The constructor has the option of either repairing an unaccept able weld or removing and replacing the defective weld Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,14 AWWA.C206-17 Joint Lo ‘Acrylic Cover = oT, i “Vacuum — 4 wt —} 2-Way Valve Gauge wn FOL Airtietor But. Weldea Circumferential Hose 3 to Compressor wt wt Plan Figure 2 Look-box for vacuum testing of circumferential weld seams SECTION 6: _ DELIVERY Sec. 6.1 Sec. 6.2 Marking ‘When requited by the purchaser, pipe, fittings, and pipe specials shall have a serial number or other identification mark that will reference the line diagram or laying schedule, The welding operator and the subsequent inspections performed on each joint shall reference these serial numbers or other identification numbers co document these tasks. 6.11 Exterior. “The serial number or other identification mark shall be painted in a conspicuous location on the exterior of each section of pipe, fitting, or pipe special 6.1.2 Interior. When joints requite interior field welds, che serial number or other identification mark shall be transferred to the finished interior of each sec- sion of pipe, fitting, of pipe special. The requirement to transfer serial numbers or other identification marks to che interior shall be at the purchaser's option. Packaging and Shipping ‘This standard has no applicable information for this section. Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,FIELD WELDING OF STEEL WATER PIPE 15 Sec. 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance ‘The purchaser may require an affidavit from the constructor stipulating that all ficld welds on the pipe and attachments have been made in accordance with applicable provisions of this standard. Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,&\\. American Water Works Association {6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, Co 80235-3098 7 800.926.7337 wwrwawwa.org Dedicated to the world's most important resource, AWWA sets the standard for water knowledge, management, and informed public policy. AWWA members provide solutions to improve public health, protect the environment, strengthen the economy, and enhance our quality of life. 2) 1P-2M 43206-2017 (4/17) IW Printed on Recycled Paper Copyright © 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved,