We present the ongoing Public Utility Vehicle Modernization

Program (PUVMP) as a case study in socio-technical transition

studies in the transport sector. The ongoing reform project,
initiated and implemented by the national government, aims for a
wholesale change of the public land transportation industry of the
Philippines. Using a theoretical framework that combines
institutional entrepreneurship, transition experiments, multi-level
perspective and politics of transitions, we unpack the different
elements comprising the PUVMP and their interactions, including
power dynamics, to better understand and manage the complexity
and dependencies of transition. A key point of the article is that
gradual and incremental change is the most realistic
representation of the socio-technical transition by PUVMP. This
departs from the conceptualization that dominates transition
studies of regime shift or niche disruptions due to singular
technologies at the niche level. Analysis of the public transport modernization via
system reconfiguration: The ongoing case in the
PhilippinesVarsoloSunioabSandyGaspayaMarie
DanielleGuillencPatriciaMarianodReginaMorae 2018
The Philippines is moving towards a more sustainable public transport system by introducing a public utility
vehicle (PUV) modernization program with electric jeepneys (e-jeepneys) and modernized diesel jeepneys.
Despite its potential to address problems related to air pollution, traffic congestion, dependence on fuel
imports, and carbon emissions, transport groups show resistance to the adoption of the government
program due to costs and investment risk issues. This study aims to guide transport operators in making
investment decisions between the modernized diesel jeepney and the e-jeepney fleet. Applying the real
options approach (ROA), this research evaluates option values and optimal investment strategies under
uncertainties in diesel prices, jeepney base fare price, electricity prices, and government subsidy. The
optimization results reveal a better opportunity to invest in the e-jeepney fleet in all scenarios analyzed.
Results also show a more optimal decision strategy to invest in the e-jeepney immediately in the current
business environment, as delaying or postponing investment may incur opportunity losses. To make the
adoption of the e-jeepney more attractive to transport operators, this study further suggests government
actions to increase the amount of subsidy and base fares, establish public charging stations, and continue

Diesel or
efforts to rely on cleaner, cheaper, and renewable sources of electricity.

Electric Jeepney? A Case Study of Transport

Investment in the Philippines Using the Real
Options Approach
by Casper Boongaling Agaton 1,2,*,Charmaine Samala Guno 3,Resy Ordona Villanueva 4 andRiza Ordona
Villanueva
Received: 5 May 2019 / Revised: 16 August 2019 / Accepted: 20 August 2019 / Published: 22 August 2019
 The Jeepney+ NAMA. Modernizing public transport in the
Philippines
The Public Utility Vehicle Modernization (PUVM) Program of the Philippines aims to transform the
road sector of public transport through the introduction of safer and climate-friendly vehicles,
improved regulation, and industry consolidation. The program aims to improve the urban quality of
life, reduce economic losses due to time lost in travel, reduce health costs and premature deaths,
reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve the economic situation of the operators and
industry by improving service quality levels. The existing public transport system in the Philippines
relies primarily on jeepneys. Jeepneys are backyard-fabricated vehicles with chassis often as old as
50 to 70 years and engines more than 15 years old. The main goal of the NAMA (Nationally
Appropriate Mitigation Action) is to establish a formalized, high quality public transport system
inducing ongoing fleet renewal, a transition towards higher capacity vehicles, higher operational
efficiency and better service levels. This will reduce the emission footprint of public transport,
mitigate rapid motorization and limit the shift of trips to the carbon intensive use of cars. It
furthermore lays the groundwork for the future electrification of the public transport fleet, which is
needed to achieve full decarbonisation.

 Authors:
o Mettke, C
o Cruz, M
o Mariano, P
 Publication Date: 2018-5
 Ito ang saloobin ng mga opisyal ng gobyerno at mga piling resource persons sa
Town Hall ng CNN Philippines.

 Ayon kay Paulo Alcazaren, isang arkitekto at urban planner, sintomas lamang
ang trapiko sa matagal nang problema ng bansa. Kulang na kulang ang Pilipinas
ng mahusay at buong sistema ng transportasyon.

 Ayon sa MMDA, maraming taon ang kailangan para maayos ang mass transport
sa Pilipinas. Hindi overnight nangyari ang trapik sa Metro Manila kaya hindi rin
overnight ang solusyon para rito.

 Notoryus ang Pilipinas sa pinakamalalang problema ng trapik sa buong mundo.

Humigit kumulang 3.5B pesos ang nawawalang kita araw araw dahil sa trapik.