1.

INTRODUCTION
1.1 origin

In this contemporary era, belongings crimes are extra most important. This
necessitates our want to expand a complicated protection system which is
the INVISIBLE EYE. It is largely a single digicam based totally security
gadget that can be used to defend valuables kept in a room of a house or
belongings. Most existing digicam based protection structures involve the
use of more than one cameras located around the room to be monitored
These cameras continuously file video footage of the room and store it on a
relevant monitoring station. Instead of this, we may additionally use a
distinctive device in which a unmarried camera is used, that can slew around
the room and report simplest when it's far alerted through the presence of
any intrusion. This type of machine mainly consist of three components-
sensors that identify intrusion; the digital camera that slews to the factor of
intrusion and clicks pictures; and the keypad that is used to interface with the
device which lets in any individual to disable the machine by getting into the
proper password.
Objectives
To design advanced security with an affordable and less complex system
referred as “Invisible Eye”
2.Design Methodology
This system consists of the following components:
• Sensors
• Microcontroller
• Stepper motor
• Camera
• Personal Computer

2.1 micro controller

MICROCONTROLLER
small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a CPU, memory,
Timer and It is a programmable input/output ports
Microcontroller available with different word length such as 8bit, 16bit
and 32 bits microcontroller
Microcontroller can contain a varying number of I/O pins. These pins can
configured to either an input or an output state.
A microcontroller is a small computer (SoC) on a single integrated circuit
containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output
peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash
or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small
amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications,
in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other
general purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips.
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices,
such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices,
remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other
embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that
uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices,
microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices
and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common, integrating
analog components needed to control nondigital electronic systems.
Some microcontrollers may use four-bit words and operate at clock rate
frequencies as low as 4 kHz, for low power consumption (single-digit milli
watts or microwatts).
2.2 stepped motor
Stepper motors are digital motors, we actually Send Position signals to the
Motor to drive them.
It is of four wire stepper motor
A stepper motor or step motor or stepping motor is a motor that divides a
full rotation into a number of equal steps. The motor's position can then be
commanded to move and hold at one of these steps without any feedback
sensor (an open-loop controller), as long as the motor is carefully sized to
the application in respect to torque and speed. Switched reluctance motors
are very large stepping motors with a reduced pole count, and generally are
closed-loop commutated.
APPLICATIONS
Computer controlled stepper motors are a type of motion-control positioning
system. They are typically digitally controlled as part of an open loop system
for use in holding or positioning applications.
Stepper motor system
A stepper motor system consists of three basic elements, often combined
with some type of user interface (host computer, PLC or dumb terminal):
Indexers - The indexer (or controller) is a microprocessor capable of
generating step pulses
and direction signals for the driver. In addition, the indexer is typically
required to perform
many other sophisticated command functions.
2.3 PIR SENSOR
A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures
infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most
often used in PIR-based motion detectors.
PIR sensor allow us to sense the motion, almost Always use to detect
whether a human has moved in or out of the sensors range.
It is commonly found in appliances and gadgets Used in homes or
business,
Sensitivity Range: up to 20 feet (6 meters).
We, homo sapiens, radiate heat in form of radiation at wavelength of 10-
12 micrometer that can only detect by the PIR sensor .
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect
whether a human has moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small,
inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don't wear out.
OPERATING PRINCIPLES
All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy in the
form of radiation.
Usually this radiation is invisible to the human eye because it radiates at
infrared wavelengths, but it can be detected by electronic devices designed
for such a purpose.
The term passive in this instance refers to the fact that PIR devices do not
generate or radiate any energy for detection purposes. They work entirely by
detecting the energy given off by other Objects.PIR sensors don't detect or
measure "heat"; instead they detect the infrared radiation emitted or reflected
from an object.
CONSTRUCTION
Infrared radiation enters through the front of the sensor, known as the 'sensor
face'. At the core of a PIR sensor is a solid state sensor or set of sensors,
made from materials which generate energy
when exposed to heat. Typically, the sensors are approximately 1/4 inch
square (40 mm2), and take the form of a thin film. Materials commonly used
in PIR sensors include gallium nitride (GaN), caesium nitrate (CsNO3),
polyvinyl fluorides, derivatives of phenylpyridine , and cobalt
phthalocyanine. The sensor is often manufactured as part of an integrated
circuit.
A PIR-based motion detector is used to sense movement of people, animals,
or other objects.
They are commonly used in burglar alarms and automatically-activated
lighting systems. They are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes
"PID", for "passive infrared detector".
2.4 Camera

Wireless security cameras are closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras that

transmit a video
and audio signal to a wireless receiver through a radio band. Many wireless
security cameras
require at least one cable or wire for power; "wireless" refers to the
transmission of video/audio.
However, some wireless security cameras are battery-powered, making the
cameras truly
wireless from top to bottom.
Wireless cameras are proving very popular among modern security
consumers due to their low
installation costs (there is no need to run expensive video extension cables)
and flexible
mounting options; wireless cameras can be mounted/installed in locations
previously unavailable
to standard wired cameras. In addition to the ease of use and convenience of
access, wireless
security camera allows users to leverage broadband wireless internet to
provide seamless video
streaming over-internet.

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Digital wireless is the transmission of audio and video analog signals

encoded as digital packets
over high-bandwidth radio frequencies.
Advantages include:

Wide transmission range—usually close to 450 feet (open space, clear line
of sight between
camera and receiver)

High quality video and audio

Two-way communication between the camera and the receiver

Digital signal means you can transmit commands and functions, such as
turning lights on and
off.

You can connect multiple receivers to one recording device, such as security
DVR

Wireless Range
Wireless security cameras function best when there is a clear line of sight
between the camera(s)
and the receiver. Outdoors, and with clear line of sight, digital wireless
cameras typically have a
range between 250 to 450 feet. Indoors, the range can be limited to 100 to
150 feet. Cubical
walls, drywall, glass, and windows generally do not degrade wireless signal
strength. Brick,
concrete floors, and walls degrade signal strength. Trees that are in the line
of sight of the
wireless camera and receiver may impact signal strength.
The signal range also depends on whether there are competing signals using
the same frequency
as the camera. For example, signals from cordless phones or routers may
affect signal strength.
When this happens, the camera image may freeze, or appear "choppy".
Typical solution involves
locking the channel that wireless router operates on.