RIGON, SEAN LLOYD P.

BSN 301 10/26/19

Definition of Diseases
 Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) develops at least 48 hours after hospital admission.
It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, rather than a virus. The most common
pathogens are gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus.

 Pulmonary TB is a bacterial infection of the lungs that can cause a range of symptoms,
including chest pain, breathlessness, and severe coughing.

 Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the
body's needs. It can affect one or both sides of the heart.

 Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels
and they include:

 Coronary heart disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle;
 Cerebrovascular disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain;
 Peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs;
 Rheumatic heart disease – damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic
fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria;
 Congenital heart disease – malformations of heart structure existing at birth;
 Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism – blood clots in the leg veins, which can
dislodge and move to the heart and lungs.

Heart attacks and strokes are usually acute events and are mainly caused by a blockage that
prevents blood from flowing to the heart or brain. The most common reason for this is a build-up
of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the blood vessels that supply the heart or brain. Strokes can
also be caused by bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain or from blood clots. The cause of
heart attacks and strokes are usually the presence of a combination of risk factors, such as
tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol,
hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia.

 Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart's ability to pump blood is

decreased because the heart's main pumping chamber, the left ventricle, is enlarged and
weakened.

 Myocardial infarction (MI), also known as heart attack, is the irreversible death or
necrosis of heart muscle secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen supply.

 Pleural effusion is a build-up of fluid in the space between the lungs and chest cavity,
called the pleural space. It is also commonly called water on the lung.

 Below-knee amputation (BKA) is a transtibial amputation that involves removing the

foot, ankle joint, and distal tibia and fibula with related soft tissue structures.

 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is a chronic condition that affects the way your body
metabolizes sugar. Body either resists the effects of insulin, a hormone that regulates the
movement of sugar into your cells or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal
glucose levels.

 Subdural hemorrhage (or hematoma) is a type of bleeding that often occurs outside the
brain as a result of a severe head injury. It takes place when blood vessels burst between
the brain and the leather-like membrane that wraps around the brain.
 Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a sudden worsening of the signs and
symptoms of heart failure, which typically includes difficulty breathing (dyspnea), leg or
feet swelling, and fatigue. ADHF is a common and potentially serious cause of acute
respiratory distress.