OPERATION THEATRE AUTOMATION AND CONTROLLER

(OTAC)

INTRODUCTION:
An Operating theatre or operating room is a room within a hospital within
which surgical operations are carried out. An operation theatre is a very
important part of any hospital and is required to be maintained properly for its
functionality and effectiveness.

DESCRIPTION:
An operation theatre is a place where all the things are to be executed with
precision and with utmost care. Every detail is of importance whether it is the
lighting, Pulse counting, Temperature of room, temperature of the body, amount
of medication administration or the instrument selection.

Here we propose to design an automated operating theatre (OTAC) where all

the things can be automated and can be monitored at regular basis. In this
module we suggest that we control and monitor the following features:
1. Intensity of the Lamps.
2. Operating bed leveling.
3. Controlled Anesthesia administration.
4. Blood agitator used while administering blood.
5. Timer controlled blood accepting mechanism.
6. Switch enabled instrument selection mechanism.
7. Temperature monitoring of the room
8. Temperature monitoring of the patient body
9. Regular interval timers and reminders.
10.Voiced messages if required (can be muted).
All these things will be controlled automatically or at the wishes of the operator
(doctor in our case).

Explaining the features one a time, the Operation theatre lamps needs to be
adjusted for the right intensity, making sure that the effect is neither too bright
to glare and reflect to cause uneasiness for the operator nor too less that the
object being operated on cannot be seen properly. For this we connect a stepper
motor based intensity controller (Variable Resistor) which will be able to
control the intensity and the input for this comes from the User selectable menu
on the GUI made in VB.

They say size doesn’t matter, quality does. To make this adage hold good we
propose a level controlled bed whose height can be altered to suit the height
requirement of our surgeon who might feel it uncomfortable in bending or over
erecting for a long periods of time while performing the surgery on the patient.
To do this we will be employing a string pulled bed controlled by a stepper
motor.

Usually the anesthetist is required to administer the right dose of anesthesia to

make the patient sleep for right amount of time, neither too long nor too less.
For doing this he calculates the exact dosage of the medicine to be administered
but due to human errors sometimes the medicine is slightly over or under
administered. To overcome this problem we propose a rack and pinion motion
controlled syringe holding mechanism which will control the flow of the liquid
being injected in to the body of the patient.

The blood agitator is a mechanism which prevents the blood from getting
coagulated in the packet that it is being administered to the patient while being
operated upon. This mechanism also has a timer which can stop the agitator and
also inform about the time that agitator was moving. This timer can be preset or
can be controlled on the fly from the GUI being made on the Visual basic Front
end.

Sometimes the instruments gets damaged or smudged or for some other reason
becomes unfit for the operation. At such times typically someone is sent to
another room and a new instrument is re-issued. To save the storage place we
propose a retractable tray loaded with the instruments which can be selected
from the GUI on the PC and these trays can open and close (containing the
required tools). These trays can be selected by selecting an address for which
tray to be operated on. In our prototype we are using two retractable trays
mechanism.

The environmental conditions in the room and the body temperature of the
patient are also a major factor to be monitored in the Operation Theatre, to
achieve this; we shall be connecting two temperature sensors from National
Semiconductor (LM35). These sensors are interfaced to the Micro-controller
via a Signal Conditioning circuit and an ADC0809 (also from National
Semiconductor).

Voiced messages can be pre-programmed for definite intervals so that time can
be reminded to the surgeon in case he needs some kind of reminders while
conducting the operation. For example it can remind that the effect of the
anesthesia will get over in some prescribed time.
BLOCK DIAGRAM :

LCD

BULB
TRIAC
LM 35 (Brightness)
( Body
P89V51RD2
Temp)
L293 Bed level
DC motor
LM 35
Blood
(Room
agitator
temp)
Solenoid Dc motor
anasthesi
a

PC

COMPONENTS LIST:
1. NxP – P89V51RD2
2. LM 35 Temperature sensors.
3. PC with UART cable.
4. Solenoid.
5. L293 motor driver ICs.
6. TRIAC.
7. Bulb for brightness.
8. A LCD Display.
SOFTWARES USED:
1. Keil Compiler.
2. Flash magic.
3. Embedded C.

APPLICATION:
1. Mainly Used in Operation Theatres of hospitals.

ADVANTAGES:
1. By automation of the controlling system the errors wil be very less compared
to manual.
2. More accurate measured injection of liquids into patient body during
anesthesia.

DIS ADVANTAGES:
1. Sometimes system may fail to operate as it is designed to operate because of
any major errors in the system.
2. All time we cannot depend upon machines or controllers to observe a patient
who’s life is more valuable than machines.