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EXPERIMENT:- 9

AIM:- TO STUDY ABOUT DIFFERENT WEB SERVERS AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF WEB
BROWSERS.

WEB SERVERS: Web servers use HTTP to allow access to the Internet. They search through and use
HTML files that are sent to web browsers and translated so the user can understand them. It is also
capable of accessing and storing other types of files, but they are often attached in some way to the
HTML files it has, such as having images that are placed upon the HTML.

Web servers are primarily used to store process and deliver the pages of a website to users. In layman’s
terms, this means that web servers are what make websites appear when you type in a URL.

Types of Web Servers:

There are 4 primary web servers:

 Apache (provided by Apache)

 IIS (provided by Microsoft)
 nginx (provided by NGINX, Inc. and pronounced like “Engine X”)
 and GWS (provided by Google and short for Google Web Server)

APACHE:
This is the most popular web server in the world developed by the Apache Software Foundation. Apache
web server is an open source software and can be installed on almost all operating systems including
Linux, Unix, Windows, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and more. About 60% of the web server machines run the
Apache Web Server.

The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and maintain an open-source HTTP server for
modern operating systems including UNIX and Windows. The goal of this project is to provide a secure,
efficient and extensible server that provides HTTP services in sync with the current HTTP standards.

The Apache HTTP Server ("httpd") was launched in 1995 and it has been the most popular web server on
the Internet since April 1996. It has celebrated its 20th birthday as a project in February 2015.

Internet Information Services(IIS):

The Internet Information Server (IIS) is a high performance Web Server from Microsoft. This web server
runs on Windows NT/2000 and 2003 platforms ( and may be on upcoming new Windows version also).
IIS comes bundled with Windows NT/2000 and 2003; Because IIS is tightly integrated with the operating
system so it is relatively easy to administer it.

Internet Information Services (IIS) for Windows® Server is a flexible, secure and manageable Web
server for hosting anything on the Web. From media streaming to web applications, IIS's scalable and
open architecture is ready to handle the most demanding tasks.

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NGINX: NGINX is the fastest growing and most popular web server for a reason, so understanding it
will be an invaluable skill to anyone working in the web industry, specially network admins & web
developers.

NGINX is one of the top grade HTTP Server which powers most of the top Enterprise websites like
Netflix, Dropbox , Wordpress, GitHub, Discovery and many others.

Google Web Server (GWS):

is a proprietary web server software that Google uses for its web infrastructure. GWS is used exclusively
inside Google's ecosystem for website hosting. Little information has been released over the years,
however it is believed to be originally based on the Apache web server software and run on a heavily
modified version of Debian Linux.

In May, 2015, GWS was ranked as the fourth most popular web server on the internet after Apache, nginx
and Microsoft IIS, powering an estimated 7.95% of active websites.[1] Web page requests on most
Google pages provide "gws" (without a version number) in the HTTP header as an indication of the web
server software being used.

"The Google Web Server (GWS) team builds and improves the proprietary web-serving infrastructure
that powers Google web search and many other Google search properties. GWS is involved in almost
every user-visible change to the google.com site, meaning that there's frequently something to write home
about. We're always looking for gung-ho engineers, ideally with a background in systems and experience
working with very large C++ codebases."

File Servers:
They are often responsible for the availability of stored files and their management as well as security.
You can send and receive files at the user’s request. These are not like sharing servers; they are more like
the filing cabinets of the Internet world.

File servers are often categorized by how the files on the server are accessed. Here are the different
methods:

Internet File Servers:

 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

 HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

LAN File Servers:

 SMB/CIFS Protocol
 NFS Protocol

So, file servers are different from web servers because they do not provide dynamic web content like web
servers. Instead, they only provide static files.

Application Servers: This is a server that is dedicated to serving a certain piece of software. So, it is
often used in conjunction with other servers and software. For example, you may sign up for online
gaming and be directed to servers set up solely for the gaming software.
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Types of Application Servers:
 Java Application Servers
 .Net Framework
 PHP Application Servers
 Open Source Application Servers
 Mobile Application Servers.

WEB BROWSERS:
Web Browsers are software installed on your PC. To access the Web, you need a web browser, such as
Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox.

Currently you must be using any sort of Web browser while you are navigating through our site
tutorialspoint.com. On the Web, when you navigate through pages of information, this is commonly
known as web browsing or web surfing.

Internet Explorer:
Internet Explorer (IE) is a product from software giant Microsoft. This is the most commonly used
browser in the universe. This was introduced in 1995 along with Windows 95 launch and it has passed
Netscape popularity in 1998.
There are regular Microsoft updates that IE supports. Favicon allows an image to be used as a bookmark.
It supports Integrated Windows Authentication.

Google Chrome:
This web browser is developed by Google and its beta version was first released on September 2, 2008
for Microsoft Windows. Today, chrome is known to be one of the most popular web browser with its
global share of more than 50%. The browser versions for Mac OS X are under development. The
browser options are very similar to that of Safari, the settings locations are similar to Internet Explorer 7,
and the window design is based on Windows Vista.

The main standout feature is the malware and phishing warning that the browser suggests when the user
wants to browse a site. Also, there is a user tracking option available with Chrome.

Mozilla Firefox:
Since the release of Firefox, the sale of Internet Explorer has gone down drastically. It has around 22%
of the market share at present. It has undergone many updates and version changes that were made to
improve usability to the universal users.
As it is an open source software, it allows everyone to access the code. It supports tabbed browsing that

allows the user to open multiple sites in a single window. Session storage is also an important feature of

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Firefox, which allows the user to regain access to the open tabs after he has closed the browser window.

Safari:
Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. and included in Mac OS X. It was first released as a
public beta in January 2003. Safari has very good support for latest technologies like XHTML, CSS2
etc.

The Safari 4 beta had many features like VoiceOver screen reader, that reads aloud everything that is on
the screen, including text and web links. It also has features like CSS Canvas, LiveConnect, XML 1.0,
and JavaScript support, and Cover Flow. 'Grammar Checking' is an interesting built-in feature, which
performs a grammar check on the typed text and gives suggestions to correct your sentence if wrong.
Also, there is a resizable web search box option available.

Opera:
Opera is smaller and faster than most other browsers, yet it is full- featured. Fast, user-friendly, with
keyboard interface, multiple windows, zoom functions, and more. Java and non Java-enabled versions
available. Ideal for newcomers to the Internet, school children, handicap and as a front-end for CD-Rom
and kiosks.

It also has some common functions like zoom and fit-to-width, content blocking, tabs and sessions,
download manager with BitTorrent, and mouse gestures.

Lynx:
Lynx is a fully-featured World Wide Web browser for users on Unix, VMS, and other platforms running
cursor-addressable, character-cell terminals or emulators. A cross-platform browser that runs on Unix,
VMS, DOS, Microsoft Windows, Mac Os, OS/2 and others. Lynx is a text based browser.

Though being the oldest amongst the current lot of web browsers, it can be remotely accessed over
Telnet and SSH. This feature enables Lynx to be used for testing a website's performance from any
geographical location.

Konqueror:
Konqueror is an Open Source web browser with HTML 4.01 compliance, supporting Java applets,
JavaScript, CSS 1, CSS 2.1, as well as Netscape plugins. This works as a file manager as well as it
supports basic file management on local UNIX filesystems, from simple cut/copy and paste operations to
advanced remote and local network file browsing.

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