Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SUPORT DE CURS
Cursul de calificare
Tehnician in hotelarie
FORMATOR
2012
CUPRINS
3. Meals.
Front Office:
Reservations
Front Desk
Registration-Checking in
Handing guest complains
Updating and checking guest accounts
Checking out
V. ABBREVIATION
VII. GRAMMAR
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VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hotel types - there are many different types of hotel properties, from small places major international
chains and may vary according to number of stars from 5/7-star hotels to 1-star hotels.
Classification
1.airport hotel a.luxury
2.all-suites hotel b.upscale
3.conference/congress hotel c.mid-range
4.motel d.budget-econom
5.resort
6.spa hotel
A hotel’s primary mission is to offer a comfortable room to sleep and usually to offer other
services such asmeals and recreation.
Most hotels offer private sleeping rooms with bathrooms, front desk services, luggage services ,
F&B and guest services. They may also offer commercial services to business travellers, including a
business centre electronic devices and multi-line phones.
1. Airport hotel: a hotel located near an airport, usually offering shuttle service to and from the
airport, as well as meeting rooms and early checkout. They cater to the business traveler or leisure
traveller with a long "lay-over" in an airport en route to another destination. Recently many companies
have begun using them to hold meetings, seminars and conferences especially when participants are
flying in from different locations.
2. All-Suites hotel: like small apartments, include a bedroom, and living room with limited kitchen
facilities. Some All-Suite hotels may include microwaves, coffee makers and a small refrigerator and bar.
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The living rooms will include a pull-out sofa and desk. They cater to the traveller whose stay is one week
or more.
3. Conference hotel: generally conference centres are upscale (first-c1ass) properties catering to
corporate clients' meetings. Usually, pricing is inclusive of food, beverage and conference services. The
meeting rooms have been designated to accommodate the special needs of 10-50 attendees.
4. Motel: a building or group of buildings where entrance to rooms is made directly from the outside of
the building. These properties are generally smaller and cater to people travelling by car (Motor Hotel -
Motel). The front desk covers check in, check out, guest services and luggage assistance. They are lower
in price than a hotel.
5. Resorts: cater to vocation travellers, as well as to businesses holding conferences and meetings.
Services are all inclusive so that the guest does not have to leave the premises for any need. They will
have food and beverage outlets, sports facilities, health club, entertainment, baby-sitting and parking.
The specialities of these resorts may include seasonal recreation such as skiing and golfing or catering to
couples, honeymooners, singles or families.
6. Spas: these are resorts offering health, physical fitness, nutritional advice or just plain pampering.
There are tennis courts, swimming pools, hiking trails, beauty salons and specially prepared meals.
a. Luxury Hotels: Five –star hotels offer full service: a concierge, 24 hours room service, one or more
restaurants, a health club, a lounge/ bar, full business services such as multiple phone lines and data ports,
a business centre with administrative support.
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b. Upscale Hotels: Four and five star hotels which cater to the business traveller.They are sometimes
called superior or First Class. Business amenities are standard and services include 24-hour room
service,full-service business centre, multiple restaurants and health club.
c.Mid-Range Hotel: Typically consisting two and three star hotels, they are sometimes referred to as
Tourist hotels.They may have a concierge or otur desk available to serve guest needs for dining, theatre,
car rental, etc. Front desk will generally handle these services and business may be available.
d. Budget/Economy Hotel’s: one and two-star hotels; their goal ist o offer a clean comfortable place
to sleep with limited service.
Room Types :
Single: a room designed for one person. Some rooms will have only one single bed while
most will have two.
Twin room: a room designed for two people with two single or "twin" beds.
Double: room with a double bed that can be used for either one or two people.
Double/double: a room with two double beds.
Suite: consists of two or more rooms, typically a living and sleeping room. Asuite may have
more than one bedroom or extra rooms such as kitchenette or conference room.
Adjoining room: two or more bedrooms next toone another but not connected by a commondoor.
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Connecting: two or more sleeping rooms with a common door between them.
Bedding Types:
Single • a bed designed for one person
Double • a bed designed for two people
Queen • an extra large double bed
King • largest size double bed
Murphy • a bed that folds into the wall when not in use
Japanese style • bedding is stored out of sight during day time
and rolled out on the floor for sleeping
Rating System
Throughout the world, tourism professionals are using various grading systems (rating system) in
order to assess hotels.
The ratings are usually determined by the level and number of facilities, amenities, service
provided and dependability of basic utilities such as telephone, water, electricity. Standards may differ
from system to system, therefore comparisons are rather difficult to make.
However, the best-known rating system is the one which rates hotels from one to five stars. A one-
star rating would indicate a modest hotel with very basic facilities, while a five-star rating would indicate
a luxurious full-service hotel with excellent service and facilities.
Given the fact that these ratings are quite subjective, it is recommended we use a rating system to
compare hotels within a country or region only.
3. MEALS
English breakfast: a breakfast including cooked food, offering for example fried bacon, .
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fried eggs, sausages, etc.
Continental breakfast: a breakfast consisting of tea or coffee and baked products
(bread, buns, rolls, croissant, toast) with butter and jam, honey and marmalade, etc.
Lunch
Dinner / Supper
Food plans:
European plan: the rate for a room alone, with no meals included at all.
Bed & Breakfast / continental plan: the rate includes the room and breakfast. The breakfast itself
can be English or continental.
Half board / demi pension / modified American plan: this includes the room, plus breakfast and
other one meal (lunch or dinner).
Full hoard / en pension / American plan: rooms and all meals included.
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TASKS:
1.Which are the main hotel types?
2. True or false
a. room service is charged at the same price as in the restaurant
b. an ..a la carte" menu offers a single price for a three-course meal
c. all- suites hotels are small, upscale apartments hotels catering to student travellers
d. spas are smaller properties catering to people travelling by car
4. True or false
Ratings are objective and they should be used to compare hotels throughout the world.
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To cater A furniza, a satisface cerinte
Audit Control financiar
Sales Serviciu comercial / vanzari
Market research / strategy Cercetare / Strategie de piata
Public relations Relapii publice
Engineering department Serviciul tehnic / intrepinere
Financial reporting / statement Raportare/dare de seama financiara
A. Front Office
a) Reservations/ Front Desk/ Registration - Checking in
b) Handling guest complaints
c) Updating and checking guest accounts
d) Checking aut
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Rooms division responsabilities:
• Promoting and selling the hotel services
• Planning the reservations and their records
• Monitoring clients' arrival and room status
• Greeting the clients
• Allocating rooms / keys
• Registrating guests
• Communicating in / out hotel (phone, fax, telex)
• Communicating with other departments
• Dealing with guest complaints
• Collecting and dispersing payments
• Issuing the bill
• Maintaining security and safety
• Cleaning and maintaining the rooms
A. Front Office
It is well-known the fact that a hotel centres around its Front Office and that is why this department is
often called the "heart" of the hotel. All the departments in the hotel are connected to the front office,
from engineering/maintenance to the accounting office and from food and beverage department to
housekeeping. The impressions generated by the front office staff play a major role in establishing and
promoting a positive guest experience.
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The Front Office takes care of guest requirements from the moment guests arrive at the hotel
until they leave.
The reception staff must work quickly, efficiently and be able to deal well with difficult guests
and problems such as overbooking, late arrivals and missing reservations.
The Reception is also responsible for providing numerous services to guests including handling
messages, answering questions about hotel services and facilities, and providing financial transactions as
needed to support the guest visit.
The Front Office clerks must be careful to give information about the hotel services and facilities and
encourage the potential guest to book rooms at the hotel being at the same time careful to watch for the
dangers of overbooking.
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• Providing the General Manager with current arrival and departure statistics and guest
information and reporting about the Front Office situation.
• Providing current information about hotel facilities, services and special events to F.O.
staff and ensuring that staff can provide this information to guest as required.
Receptionist
• Responsible for the efficient and courteous communication with guests for all arrival
and departure procedures as well as providing guests with information on hotel services
and facilities.
• Welcoming the guests and offering to help the guest, even offering to show rooms if
necessary.
• Registers and assigns rooms to arriving guests ensuring that registration cards are correctly
completed giving required information.
• Handles check-out of departing guests using hotel standard procedures.
• Handles guest requests and complaints promptly.
• Providing current information of tourist attractions, restaurants, hotel facilities,
services,entertainment facilities and current events in the local area to guests (e.g. breakfast time and
place, laundry, sauna, etc).
• Ensuring accurate records are maintained and informing other departments of arrivals, room
changes, check-outs and special arrangements for VIP's or group guests.
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name, address and contact number of guest, arrival and departure dates and times, r oom type and rate,
and payment details.
o Records special requests for extra bed or any request for additional service or amenity.
o Processes changes and cancellations of reservations and ensures records are amended.
o Promotes occupancy and average room rate by actively promoting the property and
using upselling techniques.
o Responds to all communications regarding reservations.
Cashier
• Responsible for the supervision of all Front Desk financial activities ensuring all transactions are
accurately provided and recorded in an efficient manner.
• Responsible for the maintenance of accurate and current guest ledger accounts and handles guests
accounts during check-outs.
• Preparing the bill, giving and explaining the bill.
• Providing exchange service for cash, traveller's cheques and foreign currency notes for guests and
maintaining accurate records of all transactions. Answering queries about payment, by explaining
exchange rates.
• Taking payment (cash, credit card, cheque, Tcs).
Tasks:
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1. Give alternatives for the underlined words. Develop a dialogue in which the reservation
clerk has no room available and he must offer the client an alternative.
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If the person is using the phone or if the person doesn't answer, the receptionist will report the
situation to the speaker (I'm sorry, the number is engaged / busy; Do you want to hold on? / I'm sorry,
there's no answer / reply; I'm sorry, I'm not getting any answer/ reply).
Offering to take a message (if the caller wishes to speak with someone who is not available); this
message should include name, company, phone number, time of call and message (Would you like to
leave a message? / Can! take a message? / Can! give him a message?).
Offering to arrange a return call (Shall! ask him to call you back?).
J When handling guest room change, the receptionist must ensure that guests are given the
requested room and upgrade the guest if there has been a problem with former room.
He must not forget to note the room change request on the daily worksheet and then forward the
request to the other departments.
After advising the guest on room availability, the receptionist should ask him for a convenient
time to make the move, and then arrange for porters to assist with move.
Finally, after the guest has vacated room the receptionist must change room number or status in
computer system and advise relevant departments of need for room repair or service if required.
When handling safety deposit boxes, the front desk staff must always ensure security of guests'
valuables during check-in and encourage the guest to use safety box deposit facilities.
In case of unexpected early departure, the receptionist should encourage the guest to complete
planned stay (if possible) offering assistance (if appropriate).
If the guest really must leave, the receptionist should try and determine the reason for the early
departure ifpossible, note in register book, and then notify housekeeping and room service.
In case of an extension of stay, the guest is notified of additional charges and all changes to
registration card is recorded at time of request.
Prior to making any changes, the receptionist must determine if the room is available for the
extension of stay and notify guest of extension charge. Then he should modify the registration card, the
guest folio in computer and then advise reservations and housekeeping departments of extension details.
As concerns currency exchange, the Cashier can explain to hotel guest the rate of exchange and
procedures for the exchange of foreign currencies and travellers' cheques accepted by the hotel
.
Handling guest messages and faxes.
The receptionist records the messages accurately and delivers them to the guest rooms
immediately on receipt.
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When handling outgoing fax transmissions, the receptionists should check whether the guest name
and room number, fax number including country and city codes, name of sender and recipient are noted
clearly and then complete outgoing facsimile register.
On receipt of incoming fax, the receptionist must note to whom fax is addressed and then
complete incoming facsimile register.
To handle A manevra, a se ocupa de
Records Evidente
To update A actualiza
Room availability Disponibilitate
Advance reservations Rezervari in avans
Overbooking Suprarezervare
Occupancy rate Grad de ocupare
Reservation card, form Formular de confinnare a rezervarii
Registration card Formular de inregistrare
Key card Legitimatie acces hotel
Check-in / registration / booking (book in) lnregistrare
Room allocation / assignment Repartizare
Room board Tablou sinoptic cu situatia eamerelor
Phone operator Telefonista
Switch board Centrala eu comutatie mal1uala
To make a call A telefona
Extension Interior
Incoming / Outgoing calls Convorbiri interne / externe
Wake-up call / early call Apel telefonic pentru trezire
To put through A face legalura
Place of issue Locul emiterii unui act
Voucher Certificat, act justificativ
Complains
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Each client is unique, having his/her own preferences, wishes and needs. Even in the most luxury
hotels, guest complaints cannot be entirely avoided; they have either objective or subjective causes,
depending on the clients' expectations.
Whenever staff are dealing with complaints, what they must do is:
• listen carefully to the guest and express the wish to solve any problem;
• be calm, polite, trying not to interrupt or comment until the customer has finished
• make a short and clear apology;
• repeat the complaint, in order to assure the guest verbally that they have understood
the problem;
• evaluate the problem and pass over the complaint to those in charge or, if possible,
deal with it themself;
• explain the guest what they are going to do, the action they plan to take;
• control the way the problem is solved.
II
Give alternatives for the underlined words:
The most frequent reasons of guest complaints are inappropriate staff behaviour and quality
standard of cleanliness and sanitation, delay in repairing the flaws, and slow service.
Vocabulary
Apology I to apologise Scuza, a se scuza
Complaint / to complain Plangere, a face o plangere
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Delay Intiirziere, amanare
To be short-staffed A duce lipsa de personal
To be held responsible A fi raspunzator pentru
To be awfully sorry A 'ii parea foarte rau
To deal (handle) with a complaint / problem A rezolva o plangere / o proble!na
To do one's best A face tot posibilul
Misunderstanding Neintelegere
Slow service Serviciu 'Incet / servire lenta
Upset / annoyed / angry Suparat / enervat / nervos
There and then La rata locului
Valuables (gold/silver rings, ear rings, Bunuri de valoare (inele de aur/argint, cercei,
bracelets, necklaces, watches) bratari, coli ere, ceasuri)
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Tabular ledger registru contabil, totalizator
To produce I issue a bill a emite 0 factura
Bill, invoice factura, nota de plata
Allowance slip fisa de scazamant (borderou, cupon)
Amount suma
Financial statement raport financial' contabil
Itemized bill factura detaliata
Personal cheque cec la purtator
Travel cheque cec de calatorie
Invoice: an itemized bill containing the prices which comprise the total charge and terms
Bill: a statement of money owed for goods / services supplied
Checking out
Checking out / check out time - a system of payment upon departure from the hotel /
the designated hour at which hotels expect guests to vacate their rooms.
Tasks:
Give alternatives for the underlined words:
Guest: Good morning. I'd like to check out. My name is Popescu. Room 106. I'm a bit in
a hurry.
F.O. clerk: Just a moment, Mr. Popescu. It won't take long to prepare your bill. If
you'd like to sit down for a moment, please. Here you are. That's the amount payable at
the bottom here. It's an itemized bill, as you can see.
Guest: Yes, everything is all right.
F .O. clerk: How do you want to pay the bi II?
Guest: In cash.
F.O. clerk: Fine, sir. One moment and I'll write out a receipt.
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4. Create an allowance slip.
5. Elaborate an offer presenting hotel services and facilities.
6. Elaborate a satisfactory survey in order to evaluate your guests' level of satisfaction.
Arrival date and hour .............................. Arrival date and hour ..............................
RoomNo. ......................................................... No. of persons ................................................
Charge ............................................................... Clerk ...............................................................
Date ..................................................................
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2. Dialogue reflecting the process of making reservations.
- I'd like a (single) room, please.
- Yes, sir I madam. When would that be for?
- The 15112ndl 3rd 14th of January I February I March I April I May I June I July I August I
September I October I November I December.
-Very good, sir. Could I have your name, please? I I'm sorry, sir. I'm afraid we don't have a
(single) room available then.
3.Message form:
PARADISE HOTEL
DATE ..............................
4. ALLOWANCES SLIP
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III. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LETTERS
[Your address 1]
[Your address 2]
[Your address 3]
[Postcode]
[Other contact details you may wish to give, phone, e-mail etc]
[Date]
(If you are unsure of the contact details you can search the howtocomplain.com company database from
any page on the website).
[Name of contact person, if available]
[Title, if available]
[Company Name]
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[Consumer Complaint Department, if you don’t have a contact name]
[Company address 1]
[Company address 2]
[Company address 3]
[Postcode]
On [date], I [bought, rented, had serviced etc] a [name of product with model number, service performed
etc] at [location and other details of the transaction].
I am disappointed because your [product, service, billing etc.] has [not performed as it should, was wrong
etc] because [state the problem as you understand it giving as much detail as possible].
To resolve the problem I would appreciate your [state the action you require e.g. refund, service
performed again etc]. Enclosed is a copy/are copies of the [receipt, contract etc].
I look forward to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem. I will wait for [set a time limit]
before seeking help from [government agency, consumer group, lawyer etc. Please contact me at the
above address or by phone [give numbers].
Yours sincerely
[Sign]
2. Complaint Letter-Goods
[Your address 1]
[Your address 2]
[Your address 3]
[Postcode]
[Other contact details you may wish to give, phone, e-mail etc]
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[Company address 3]
[Postcode]
[Date]
On [date], I bought a [name of goods purchased, model number etc.] at [location and other details of the
transaction].
I am disappointed because your [name of goods purchased etc.] has [not performed as it should, was
faulty etc] because [state the problem as you understand it giving as much detail as possible]. Therefore
this product is not [of satisfactory quality, fit for the purpose described] as laid down by the law.
To resolve the problem I require you to [state the action you require e.g. refund, repair etc.] whilst
reserving my right to claim against you. Enclosed is a copy/are copies of the [receipt, contract etc].
I look forward to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem. I will wait for [set a time limit]
before seeking help from [Trading Standards, consumer group, solicitor etc (details of relevant authorities
can be found through our complaints procedures section]. Please contact me at the above address or by
phone [give numbers].
Yours sincerely
[Sign]
3. Complaint Letter-services
[Your address 1]
[Your address 2]
[Your address 3]
[Postcode]
[Other contact details you may wish to give, phone, e-mail etc]
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[Name of contact person, if available]
[Title, if available]
[Customer Services Manager, if you don't have a contact name]
[Company Name]
[Company address 1]
[Company address 2]
[Company address 3]
[Postcode]
[Date]
On [date], I [bought, rented, was provided with etc.] a [service performed etc.] at [location and other
details of the transaction].
I am disappointed because [the service you provided, your service etc.] was [unsatisfactory, unfinished,
defective etc.] because [state the problem as you understand it giving as much detail as possible]. This is
in breach of our contract as laid down by the law.
To resolve the problem I require you to [state the action you require e.g. refund, service performed again,
rectified etc.] whilst reserving my right to claim against you. Enclosed is a copy/are copies of the [receipt,
contract etc].
I look forward to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem. I will wait for [set a time limit]
before arranging for the matter to be corrected by a third party at your cost or seeking help from [Trading
Standards, consumer group, solicitor etc (details of relevant authorities can be found through our
complaints procedures section]. Please contact me at the above address or by phone [give numbers].
Yours sincerely
[Sign]
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IV. BASIC KNOWLEDGE
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Take care! Ai grija de tine!
I hope we meet again some time! Sper sa ne mai vedem!
So long! Pe curand!
How are you? - Very well, and you? / I am fine, Ce mai faci? - Foarte bine, °i tu? / Sunt bine,
thank you! / I'm all right, thank you! / I'm quite mulpumesc! / Sunt in regula, mulpumesc!/ Sunt
well, thank you! / Well, thanks. / I am glad to see destul de bine, mulpumesc! / Bine, mulpumesc. /
you again. Ma bucur sa te revad.
Introduction/Introducing people Formule de prezentare
When meeting (formal) Cand ne intalnim (formal)
Allow me to introduce myself! Permiteti-mi sa ma prezint!
Allow me to introduce Mr./Mrs .... to you! Penniteti-mi sa va prezint pe dl/d-na ... !
May I introduce Mr./Mrs.lMs. X? Pot sa va prezint pe dl/d-nald-ra X?
Let me introduce ... to you. Sa va prezint pe .....
I would like you to meet Mr.lMrs.lMs. X. Mi-ar pUicea sa il/o cunoa~teti pe dl/dra/d-ra X
Answer: How do you do? I Raspuns: Ce mai faceti?
I am glad / pleased / delighted to meet you! Sunt bucuros/multumit/indintat sa va cunosc
Informal: Informal:
My name is ... /l am ... Numele meu este .. .lEu sunt. ..
This is Mr. X. Acesta este dl. X.
The lady / gentleman is my husband / my Doamna / Domnul este sotul meu / sotia mea
wife (a friend / my girlthend) (un prieten / prietena mea)
Answer: Nice to meet you! Raspuns: indintat de cunostinta!
Glad to meet you! Bucuros sa va cunosc!
When leaving La despartire
It was a pleasure meeting you! A fost 0 placere sa va cunosc!
I hope to have the pleastrreofmeeting you again! Sper sa ne mai intalnim!
Please, give your wife my best regards. Te rog, transmite-i sotiei salutarile melc.
Congratulations/Wishes Felicitari/Dorinte
Enjoy your meal! Pofta buna!
God bless you! (when somebody sneezes) Noroc! / Sanatate!
I wish you a quick recovery! iti doresc insanato~ire grabnica!
Pleasant journey! Calatorie pUicuta!
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Have a pleasant holiday! Vacanta placuta!
To you / your health! Pentru tine / insanatatea tal
The same to you! Multwnesc la fel!
The best wishes to you! iti doresc numai bine!
Happy holidays! Vacanta placuta!
Merry Christmas! Craciun fericit!
Happy Easter! Pa~te fericit!
Have a good time! Distractie placuta!
Congratulations! Felicitari!
Allow me to congratulate you on ... Permite-mi sa te felicit pentru ....
I wish you all the happiness in the world! iti doresc tot binele din lwne!
Happy anniversary! I La multi ani!
Excuses Scuze
I'm (so, very) sorry/I am awfully sorry! Imi pare (atat de) rau 1Imi pare nespus de rau!
Excuse me, please! Scuza-ma, te rog!
Please, accept my apologies! Va rog sa imi acceptati scuzele!
I beg your pardon! Imi cer scuze!
Excuse me, I did not do it on purpose! Scuzati-ma, nu am facut-o intentionat!
Excuse me for keeping you waiting! Scuzati-ma ca v-am facut sa asteptati!
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That's bad luck! Ce ghinion!
I'm so sony! Imi pare atclt de diu!
I'm terribly sony! Imi pare nespus de rau!
Try not to worry! Incearca sa nu-!i faci griji!
Would you like me to ? Ai vrea ca eu sa ... ?
Is there anything I can do? Pot face ceva pentru tine?
You have all my sympathy for ... Ai toata compasiunea pentru .
Please accept my condolences for. .. Condoleantele mele pentru .
Can I give you a hand? Te pot ajuta cu ceva?
Responding Raspunzand
Thanks! Multumesc!
That would be great! Ar fi minunat!
That's very kind of you! Este foarte frumos din partea tal
It's all right! Este in regula!
I can manage, thank you! Ma descurc, multumesc!
A misunderstanding O neintelegere
Sorry?/I beg you pardon Scuze?/ Pardon?
I don’t understand you Nu te inteleg
I have not understood Nu am inteles.
Could you please repeat that? Repetati, va rog?
Speak slowly, please. Vorbiti mai rar, va rog.
What do you mean? Ce vreti sa-mi spuneti?
What have you said? Ce ati spus?
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Be so kind and write these words down/on a sheet Fiti dragut si scrieti aceste lucruri/pe o foaie de
of paper hartie.
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Persuading People Convingand oamenii
I think you might consider. .. Cred ca ati putea lua in considerare ...
This/It can be ... E posibil ...
... is/are seemingly... Aparent. ..
You can trust me ... Puteti avea incredere in mine
I can assure you... Va asigur ... Va asigur ...
Just try. .. Incercati doar. ..
I'm sure… Sunt convins.
Agreement Aprobare
Certainly I Naturally I Exactly
By all means I Undoubtedly Desigur I Normal I Exact.
Agreed I Settled I Not at all Cu certitudine I Para Indoiala.
I hope so I I think so I It's possible De la sine inleles I Stabilit I Deloc.
Me, too/I couldn't agree more Sper I Cred I Este posibil.
I like, too/I think you're right Si eu I Cu siguranla.
I agree with you Si mie imi place I Cred ca aveli dreptate.
Absolutely/Exactly/ That’s true. Sunt de acord cu d-voastra.
You've got a point. Absolut I Exact I Este adevarat.
Aveli dreptate.
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Disagreement Dezaprobare
It's out of the question I it's impossible E in afara oricarei disculii I E imposibil.
It's hardly probable I it is not up to me E putin probabil I Nu depinde de mine.
I'm sorry, but there's nothing we can do. Imi pare rau, dar nu se poate face nimic.
I'm sorry, but it's impossible. Imi pare rau, dar este imposibil.
I refuse I I cannot accept (this). Refuz. I Nu pot accepta asta.
I don't agree at all I It's not true. Nu sunt de acord. I Nu este adevarat
You must be joking I You can't be serious! Cred ca glumili!1 Nu puteli vorbi serios!
I wouldn't say so I Do you really think so? N-as crede. I Chiar credeti asta?
It is not my fault. I I don't really know. Nu este vina mea. I Nu prea stiu.
Thanks Multumiri
Thank you (very much)! I Many thanks! Va mullumesc (foarte mult)! I Multe multumiri!
I do thank you! I Thank you so much! Chiar va multumesc! I Va multumesc atat de mult!
With all my thanks! Cu mii de mullumiri!
You are very kind! Sunteli foarte draut.
It's very kind of you! Este foarte dragut din partea d-voastra!
I am (so) grateful to you! Va sunt (atilt de) recunoscator!
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He is over 24. He is of my age. El e trecut de 24 de ani. E de varsta mea,
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On Sunday, Duminica
On Monday, Lunea,
On Tuesday, Martea,
On Wednesday, Miercurea,
On Thursday, Joia,
On Friday, Vinerea,
On Saturday, Sambata,
Last week Saptamana trecuta
Next week Ssptamana viitoare
This week Aceasta saptamana
In week’s time Peste doua saptamani
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always mereu
never niciodata
New Year's Day Anul Nou
New Year's Eve Ajunul Anului Nou
Easter Paste
Christmas Craciun
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V.Abbreviations
ACC/ACCOM Accommodation
ADD Additional
ADV Advise
ARR Arrive/arrival
ARR/ARRNG Arrange/Arrangement/Arranging
APORX Approximate/Approximately
ASAP As soon as possible
ATTN Attention
BFOR Before
CI Cost Insurance
CIA Cash in Advance
CLD U Could you
CFM Confirm
AHNG Change
DEL Deliver/Delivery
DEP Departs/Deparure
DLY Delay
DOCS Documents
ENC/ENCL Enclosure
ETA Estimated time of arrival
FAO For the attention of
FLGT Flight
FVD Forward/Send
INFO Information
INV Invoice
L/C Letter of Credit
LST Last
LTR Letter
MAX Maximum
MIN Minimum
MTG Meeting
N And
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NO Number
NXT Next
OK I agree/Agreement
O/C Is this ok?
ORD Overchange
OURLET Order
OURTELCON Our letter Our telephone call
PLS Please
POSS Possible
RE/REF About/Reference
REC Received
RGDS Regards
RGRT Regret
RPLY Reply
SOONEST As soon as possible
THKS/TNKS Thanks
TLX Telex
U You
UR Your
WATT Value-Added Tax
VST Visit
WK Week
W/O Without
WLD U Would you?
YR Your
a) Situation one: (on the phone) “I can perfectly understand you, sir. We know you are a regular guest in
our hotel, but I hope you understand we are in the high tourist season.
We’ll be overbooked by next week. Could you phone in two or three days to see if we have any
cancellation? Or shall we arrange for a booking in a nearby hotel? Will that be all right with you?”
1. What does the client want? What kind of guest is he?
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2. What’s the real problem?
3. What may be a possible solution to that problem?
4. What would you have done if you were the front desk clerk?
b) Situation two: (to the Rep) “Please, we are asking you to check the rooming list thoroughly before
you send it to the hotel. We had an incident with two guests last week. They had their vouchers; however,
their names were not included in the rooming list. We really had a hard time to solve this problem.
Though we tried to contact you by phone, we couldn’t get in touch. We hope this will be allright with the
guests and that they don´t complain. Now we need to check their names against the original list. Could
you help us?
List: cancellations, deposit, rate, availability, accommodation, ocean view, advanced reservation.
2. Put the different choices of words with similar meanings under the correct definitions
High tourist season, chance guest, front desk clerk, regular guest, peak season, repeat guest, direct
tourist, returning guest, to book, to reserve, to register, shoulder season, individual guest, reception desk
clerk.
a) A person who regularly visits the same hotel is called ______________________________ _______
b) The year period during which the greatest quantity of tourists visit a country or a tourist resort is called
______________________________________________________________________
c) A tourist who registers directly in a hotel is called a_____________________ ___________________
d) The action of being listed for a hotel stay: ________________, _____________or _______________.
38
e) The person who works at the reception: ________________, _______________or _______________.
b) A: A tourist is on the phone. He wants to make a booking for the coming week, but by this time the
hotel will be overbooked. Explain the situation and offer an alternative solution. Try to be polite.
B: You are trying to make a booking at Atlantico for the coming week. You are a returning guest and you
can not wait to come back to the hotel. You would like to stay there and not in any other one.
c) A: A tourist is on the phone. He wants to confirm his own requests. Attend to him properly
B: You are phoning the hotel to confirm your requests. You had asked for a king size bed and a balcony,
you just married and will be spending your honeymoon at Brisas Hotel.
d) A: A guest who just arrived came down to the reception to complain about his room. It was not the
type of room requested. Apologize to him, explain the situation (one of the hotel sections is closed), and
offer a possible solution. Be calmed and polite, smile to the guest.
B: You just arrived to the hotel and they showed you the room. But you can not bear your
disappointment; this is not the kind of room you requested. You paid the money to the travel agency for a
room with a balcony and this one doesn’t have one. Say you will claim to the travel agency if they don’t
solve the problem. Listen to the proposals and make a decision.
e) A: A guest came down to the reception and is asking you different questions. Try to give the
appropriate responses. If you are not sure what to say, then consult an experienced receptionist.
B: It’s your first time in Cuba and in the hotel, and you would like to get some information about
different aspects, so you go down to the reception to find out:
- what you have to do if you want to go to an excursion
- if someone was ill where he could get medical attention
- what to do if you wanted to eat at the special food restaurants
- what places are worth seeing outside the hotel
- if you could reserve directly when you decided to come back to the hotel
- what type of room may be appropriate for a family with two children
- what to do if you forgot your safe code combination to open it
4. Read the conversations between the receptionist and the arriving guests in these situations and
the solution given to each problem. Answer the questions below and act out the conversation in
pairs.
Conversation A
R: Welcome to our hotel! Did you have a nice trip?
G: Oh! Not a very good one. Our plane was delayed for two hours; there was a snowstorm... then… three
and a half hours on that plane where we sat like sardines, plus an hour to pass through customs and get
our luggage, and finally an hour to get here from the airport. To be honest, I’m really exhausted.
R: Oh! I’m really sorry about that. Could I see your voucher and passport, please?
G: Sure. Here they are.
R: Will you rent a safe, sir? You have that facility in your room. The rate is a peso per day.
39
G: That’s a good idea. Can I pay with my credit card? Here it is.
R: Sure, let me just check it. Oh! I’m sorry. This card is already expired. I’m afraid you’ll have to pay in
cash, sir.
G: That’s ok.
Conversation B
R: May I help you?
G: Yes, We just saw our room and we are not very happy about it. We requested a room with ocean view,
and the one you gave us has a garden view.
R: I understand you, Sir. Most guests request this type of room and only thirty percent of our rooms have
ocean view. How could we please everyone?
G: I paid the travel agency for the ocean view room. I’ll sue them when I get back.
R: We are really sorry, Sir; we would really like to please you right now, but it is really out of our hands.
Anyway, as soon as we have one available we’ll move you in.
G: Oh! Thanks, you’re very kind.
Conversation C
R: May I help you?
G: Yes, I had a booking for this Guardalavaca Club Amigo Hotel. Now my rep informs me I’ve been
transferred to Las Brisas. Is there any possibility to stay here anyway?
R: We would really like to please you, madam; but the hotel is at full capacity. You are not the only case;
other guests have been transferred too. But you have been very lucky. “Las Brisas” is a very beautiful
hotel with more and better facilities. I’m sure you will love it.
G: That… I was told, but my friends had recommended me this one because of its friendly staff.
R: Thanks a lot. Your words make us feel happy and proud. But I’m sure you won’t regret meeting Las
Brisas staff. They are excellent people too.
G: I hope so.
R: I’m sure you will enjoy Las Brisas. And we’d love to have you here next time.
G: Ok, thanks.
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Conversation D
R: So, definitely you don’t have your voucher. Do you?
G: To be honest, I don’t have the slightest idea where it could be. I don’t even remember if they ever gave
it to me at the travel agency.
R: Then, I’m really sorry, but in that case you´ll have to pay in cash for the first night, just until we
handle the situation with your rep; he can issue a new voucher for you. I just hate to annoy you but this is
a company procedure we have to follow.
G: No, that’s ok. It’s entirely my fault. Now, it means that if the rep issues that voucher I can get my
money back, isn’t it?
R: Oh, sure you will.
2. After analyzing the previous situations, say Right or Wrong according to the information you
read. Explain the wrong items.
a. Hotel guests are required to leave their rooms as soon as they have checked out.
b. The housekeeping staff doesn’t have enough time to make the rooms before the next group arrives.
c. As they wait for the transfer to the airport they are not allowed to consume any food, drinks or enjoy
the hotel facilities.
d. The guests have to pay for extending their stay in the rooms.
e. Most guests consider it is fair paying an extra rate for extending their stay.
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3. You are a receptionist checking out guests. Reply to the following requests.
4. Now, get ready to persuade an irate guest about what is the regular procedure to extend his stay
in the room. He doesn’t want to pay extra money.
5. Handle the following situations at the reception. What could you do to solve the problem?
a. A client is checking out, however his towels have been stolen and the front desk clerk tells him he must
pay 15.00 CUC for each. He feels this is outrageous and he simply refuses to pay.
b. A guest is checking out, everything has gone great until the receptionist tells him that he has to pay for
several phone calls that were never made. The client is extremely angry. Finally you find out that a
mistake has been made.
c. A guest who requested a taxi to the airport has been waiting for more than half an hour. He is desperate
because it is 5:00 p.m. and his plane leaves at seven. He talks to the bellboy at the door.
THE ARTICLE
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Example: 'Where's the bathroom?'
'It's on the first floor.'
3. în propoziţii sau părţi de propoziţii unde definim sau identificăm un obiect sau o persoană în
mod specific.
Examples: The man who wrote this book is famous.
'Which car did you scratch?' 'The red one.
My house is the one with a blue door.'
4. pentru a ne referi la obiecte pe care le considerăm unice.
Examples: the sun, the moon, the world
5. înaintea superlativelor şi a numeralelor ordinale.
Examples: the highest building, the first page, the last chapter.
6. cu adjective pentru a ne referi la un grup întreg de oameni:
Examples: the Japanese, the old
7. cu nume de părţi geografice şi oceane:
Examples: the Caribbean, the Sahara, the Atlantic
8. pentru decenii sau grupuri de ani:
Example: she grew up in the seventies
NOTĂ:
An înaintea lui h mut - an hour, an honour.
A înaintea lui u şi eu când sunt citite ca 'you': a european, a university, a unit
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o pentru naţionalităţi şi religii :
John is an Englishman.
Kate is a Catholic.
o pentru instrumente musicale:
Sherlock Holmes was playing a violin when the visitor arrived.
o pentru nume de zile:
I was born on a Thursday
pentru a ne referi la un anume fel de sau un exemplu de ceva anume: the mouse had a tiny
nose
the elephant had a long trunk
it was a very strange car
pentru substantive la formă de singular după cuvintele 'what' şi 'such':
What a shame!
She's such a beautiful girl.
pentru a ne referi la un lucru, obiect sau peroană:
I'd like an orange and two lemons please.
The burglar took a diamond necklace and a valuable painting.
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după cazuri de posesiv cu 's:
His brother's car.
Peter's house.
pentru ani:
1944 was a wonderful year.
Do you remember 1995?
by car at school
by train at work
by air at University
on foot in church
on holiday in prison
on air (in broadcasting) in bed
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I went to the shop to get ___ bread.
He broke ___ glass when he was washing dishes.
You should take ___ umbrella.
Exercise 7 Decide dacă trebie să foloseşti articolul hotărât >the< sau nu. Dacă nu ai nevoie de articolul
>the<, foloseşte un x.
1) Listen! Dennis is playing ________________trumpet.
2) Alex goes to work by ________________ bus.
3) We often see our cousins over ________________ Easter.
4) Don't be late for ________________ school.
5) She has never been to ________________ Alps before.
6) I always listen to ________________ radio in the morning.
7) My grandmother likes ________________ flowers very much.
8) See you on ________________Wednesday.
9) What about going to Australia in ________________ February?
10) I love________________ flowers in your garden.
NUMĂRUL SUBSTANTIVELOR
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glass – glasses = pahar + pl.
class – classes = clasă + pl.
box – boxes =cutie + pl.
inch – inches = uncie + pl.
church – churches =biserică + pl.
bush – bushes =tufiş + pl.
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leaf – leaves = frunză + pl.
sheaf – sheaves = snop + pl.
self – selves = individualitate, eu + pl.
loaf – loaves = pâine integrală + pl.
hoof – hooves sau hoofs = copită + pl.
calf – calves = viţel + pl.
shelf – shelves = raft + pl.
wolf – wolves = lup + pl.
elf – elves = zână + pl.
half – halves = jumătate + pl.
knife – knives =cuţit + pl.
life – lives =viaţă + pl.
wife – wives = soţie + pl.
Dar majoritatea substantivelor în f sau fe au pluralul regulat:
proof – proofs = probă + pl.
roof- roofs = acoperiş + pl.
safe – safes = garanţie + pl.
handkerchief – handkerchiefs = batistă + pl.
chief – chifs = şef + pl.
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income = venit
knowledge = cunoaştere
luggage = bagaj
progress = progress
information = informaţii
wealth = bogăţie
sheep = oaie
deer = căprioară
fish = peşte
hair = păr
Unele dintre substantivele menţionate mai sus au înţeles colectiv şi pt a putea reda idea unui singur
element, se însoţesc de un cuvânt ajutător.
Ex. a piece of furniture
7. Unele substantive au însă numai formă de plural:
clothes = haine
pyjamas = pijamale
scissors = foarfece
trousers = pantaloon
thanks = mulţumiri
tidings = noutăţi, ştiri
spectacles = ochelari
mathematics = matematici
linguistics = lingvistică
news = veste, ştire
means = mijloc
Substantivele news şi means se folosesc ca sens de singular.
This news is true. = Vestea aceasta este adevărată.
By this means = în felul acesta, prin acest mijloc
Mai există unele substantive cu semne de plural, dar formă de singular:
there were many cattle on the hill = erau multe vite pe deal
many people like swimming = multor oameni le place înotul
his orchard was full of poultry = curtea îi era plină de păsări
Când substantivul people se foloseşte cu înţeles de popor, atunci la plural devine – peoples.
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All the peoples fight for peace. = Toate popoatele luptă pentru pace.
8. Numele de popoare formează pluralul adăugând terminaţia s, dar cele terminate în s, sh, ch, ss sau
ese rămân invariabile la plural şi şi se compun dintr-un adjective şi substantivul men respectiv
woman, pluralul marcându-se numai la substantive men, women.
Italian(s) = italian
American(s) = american
German(s) = german
Spanish = spaniol
Portuguese = portughez
Swiss = elveţian
Englishman, Englishmen (pl)
Frenchman, Frenchmen (pl)
Toate substantivele şi adjectivele indicând nume de popoare se scriu în limba engleză cu majuscule.
Ex. Romanian speak Romanian.
EXERCISES
I. Fill in the correct form of the plural.
Example: school - ______
Answer: school – schools
1. half -
2. kilo -
3. woman -
4. foot -
5. mouth -
6. sheep -
7. penny -
8. bus -
9. day -
10. fish –
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8. radius -
9. grown-up -
IV. Fill in the correct plural forms of the given words into the gaps.
Singular Plural
Shop
Mouth
Cross
Computer
Roof
Tax
Sheep
Light
Fish
Potato
Prize
Swiss
Kilo
Box
Dish
advice, chocolate, jam, lemonade, meat, milk, oil, rice, tea, tennis
Example: a cube of _____
Answer: a cube of sugar
1. a piece of
2. a packet of
3. a bar of
4. a glass of
5. a cup of
6. a bottle of
7. a slice of
8. a barrel of
9. a game of
10. a jar of
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a good actress = o actriţă bună
a good book = o carte bună
a good teacher = un professor bun
good students = studenţi buni
good habits = obiceiuri bune
2. Locul adjectivului este în genere înaintea substantivului, aşa cum se vede din exemplele paragrafului
precedent.
Excepţii:
a) Unele adjective calificative însă se pot aşeza după substantivul pe care-l determină, acesta
pentru a sublinia mai mult calitatea respectivă:
People arrived for the occasion from the cities far and near. = Pentru această ocazie oamneii
au venit din toate oraşele cele apropiate şi cele de departe.
b) Adjectivul urmat de un complement sau prepoziţie în strânsă legătură cu el, se plasează după
substantive:
A hall full of people = o sală plină de lume
It is a matter too urgent to be put off any longer = este o chestiune prea urgentă pentru a fi
amînată
c) În expresiile pereche de obicei de origine latină, adjectivul este precedat de substantiv
a knight errant = un cavaler rătăcitor
the Governor General = guvernatorul general
a Court Martial = un tribunal militar
Asia Minor = Asia Mică
a lion couchant = un leu culcat
alone singur, este precedat de un substantiv:
His silence alone is sufficient proof = tăcerea lui însăşi este acuzatoare
The whole family lived on his salary alone = toată familia trăia numai din salariul lui
for this week alone = numai pentru această săptămână
În apoziţiile nume istorice aadjectivul este precedat de substantive:
Henry the Third =Henric al III-lea
William the Conqueror = William Cuceritorul
Michael the Brave = Mihal Viteazul
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3. Adjectivul mai poate face parte din predicat, pentru a completa înţelesul unui verb cauzativ şi arată
rezultatul acţiunii verbului:
All men are mortal. = toţi oamenii sunt muritori
She became very rich = ea s-a îmbogăţit tare
Leave the page blank = lasă foaia albă
Comparaţi:
Sweet is pleasure after pain. = dulce este plăcerea după durere
4. Adjectivul nu poate să joace rol de substantive la singular decât referindu-se la o clasă citată în
prealabil şi rolul de a determina noi exemple. În acest caz este urmat de un substantive sau de pronume,
de obicei one (pl. ones):
my two dresses, the red (one) and the blue (one) = rochiile mele cea roşie şi cea albastră
two boxes of matches, one large and one small = două cutii de chibrituri una mare şi una mică
a nice person = o persoană plăcută
the poor little child = bietul copilaş
Pentru înţelesul de plural se poate suprima substantivul sau pronumele dar adjectivul ste precedat de
articolul hotărât:
the rich = bogaţii
the poor = săracii
the young = tinerii
the old = bătrânii
De reţinut folosirea adjectivelor opuse în expresie fără articol.
Exemplu: old and young = cu toţii tineri şi bătrâni
Pentru a indica la plural un grup de indivizi în mod special este necesar să se adaoge adjectivul pe care-l
determină, ca şi la plural:
the impudent fellows just laughed = insolenţii tocmai râdeau
5. Din exemplele precedente, am văzut că adjectivele invariabile la plural chiar când se folosesc de
substantive, totuţi unele adjective s-au transformat în substantive pure care primesc desinenţa pluralului:
Exemple:
the ancients = anticii
the moderns = modernii
your betters = superiorii tăi
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sweets = dulciuri
bitters = băuturi amare
valuables = obiecte de valoare
GRADELE DE COMPARAŢIE
1. Adjectivele formate din mai mult de două silabe şi majoritatea celor două din două silabe, formează
comparativul şi superlativul în mod analog limbii române, mai fiind more şi cel mai the most.
Exemple:
beautiful, frumos, more beautiful, mai frumos, the most beautiful, cel mai frumos
brilliant, more brilliant, the most brilliant = scânteietor
popular, more popular, the most popular = popular
interesting, more interesting, the most interesting = interesant
careful, more careful, the most careful = atent
dangerous, more dangerous, the most dangerous = periculos
Toate adjectivele terminate în ful (prescurtare din full – plin) formează gradele de comparaţie numai în
acest fel.
2. Adverbele more şi most ajută la formarea gradelor de comparaţie şi a unor adjective scurte:
Exemplu:
more dry
În general însă, adjectivele scurte formează comparativul adăugând sufixul er şi superlativul adăugând
sufixul est, ţinându-se seama de regulile de ortografie.
54
Exemple:
long - longer – longest =lung
short – shorter- the shortest = scurt
cold – colder – the coldest = rece
large – larger – the largest = mare
happy – happier – the happiest = fericit
lovely – lovelier – loveliest = drăguţ
clever – cleverer – the cleverest = deştept
narrow – narrower - -the narrowest = îngust
De observat că atunci când este vorba de o comparaţie între două atribute referitoare la aceiaşi persoană
sau lucru, de obicei se foloseşte construcţia cu more.
Exemplu:
He is more sly than clever. = El este mai şiret decât deştept.
55
The organist and the sexten were both old men. = organistul şi paraclisierul erau amândoi bătrâni
Elder şi eldest se folosesc numai pentru personae, în mod special pentru membrii
aceleiaşi familii.
Elder este precedat de articol sau adjective posesive ori demonstrative. Nu este niciodată urmat de than.
Pentru personae putem folosi şi older (comparativ), oldest (superlativ).
Exemple:
The three elder children. = Cei trei copii mai mari
Who is elder John or Mary? = Cine este mai mare, John sau Mary?
John is the elder. = John este mai mare.
John is elder than Mary. = John este mai mare decât Maria.
Kate is the eldest of the family. = Kate este cea mai bătrână din familie.
This woman is the eldest in the village. = Această femeie este cea mai bătrână din sat.
DAR
She is the best pianist in the district. = Ea este cea mai bună pianistă din ţinut.
Mary is the youngest in the family. = Mary este cea mai tânără din familie.
PRONUMELE
Pronumele este partea de vorbire care înlocuieşte un substantiv (o fiinţă, un obiect, etc.)
Clasificare
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Personale (the Personal Pronouns)
Interogative (the Interogative Pronouns)
Relative (the Relative Pronouns)
Posesive (the Possesive Pronouns)
Demonstrative (the Demonstrative Pronouns)
Impersonale (the Impersonal/General Pronouns)
Reflexive (the Reflexive Pronouns)
Emfatice (the Emphatic Pronouns)
Nehotărâte (the Indefinite Pronouns)
Reciproce (the Reciprocal Pronouns)
57
behind whom / who(m)….behind? = în spatele cui He was sitting behind me. = El stătea în spatele meu.
Behind whom was he sitting? = În spatele cui stătea
el?
beside whom / who(m)…beside = alături de cine? He was sitting beside me. = El stătea alături de mine.
between whom / who(m)…between = între cine? Between John and Nick. = Între John şi Nick
by me = de mine by us = de noi
by you = de tine by you = de voi
by him/her/it = de el/ea by them = de ei
58
those = aceia, acelea
59
the others = ceilalţi, clelalte The others did not come by bus.
one = unul, una un, o, se You do not have any book bu I have one.
all =tot, toată, toţi, toate, totul He must tell you all or nothing.
either = oricare din doi You may buy either.
neither = nici unul/una I can see neither.
both = ambii, ambele You may readeither of them, both are interesting.
several = mai mulţi/multe, câteva, câţiva You can see many books on the table, but several are mine.
few = puţini, puţine I only found few.
a few = puţini/destui I have found a few.
quite a few =foarte mulţi I have found quite a few.
little = puţin, mic I have done little for them.
a little = puţin/destul/ceva You have little tea but I have a little.
much = mult, multă You have got little tea but I have got much.
many = mulţi, multe You have only got few books but I’ve got many.
some = nişte, unii, unele, puţin, câteva Some are dood and some are bad.
any = orice, fiece, oricare, nici unul He doesn’t like any.
somebody = cineva I can see somebody at the gate.
anybody = oricine, cineva, nimeni I can ask anybody. Do you see something? I cannot ask
anybody.
nobody =nimeni I see nobody.
something = ceva I see something.
anything = orice I buy anything.
nothing = nimic I bought nothing.
someone = careva, cineva You must ask someone.
anyone = oricare You may ask anyone.
no one = nobody = none = niciunul You can ask no one.
everybody = toţi, toată lumea, fiecareI saw everybody.
everything = totul, tot He can understand everything.
somebody else = altcineva I see somebody else.
anybody else = oricine altcineva Give it to anybody else.
nobody else = nimeni altcineva Nobody else can do it.
something else = altceva We must buy something else.
nothing else = nimic altceva I saw nothing else.
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Reciprocal Pronouns
each other = unul pe celălalt The two neighbours help each other.
one another = unul pe celălalt (minimum trei persoane) The three brothers help one another.
EXERCIŢII
1. Alegeţi răspunsul corect:
1. They / them helped we / us cut the grass.
2. I / me saw you / your waiting for the bus this morning.
3. It / he is the first day of summer.
4. She / her decided to go with they / them.
5. Why are you / he interested in she / her?
6. We / us spoke to he / him yesterday.
2. Alegeţi un cuvânt compus din lista de mai jos şi completaţi spaţiile; unele cuvinte pot fi folosite de mai
multe ori.
somebody someone something
anybody anyone anything
nobody no one nothing
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2. enjoyed/I/them/telling/about it
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. is interesting/it/to listen/to him
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. you/can’t/to him/it/give?
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. likes/he/her/calling
…………………………………………………………………………….
6. you/don’t/fix/why/for us/it?
…………………………………………………………………………….
7. it/cleaned/we/for him
…………………………………………………………………………….
8. will repair/they/it/for us
…………………………………………………………………………….
9. sent/we/to them/it
…………………………………………………………………………….
10. please/it/give/to him
…………………………………………………………………………….
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\
1. Adjectivele şi pronumele demonstrative sunt: this – acest, aceasta, these – aceste, aceşti, that – acel,
aceea, those – acei, acele.
Pronumele demonstrative (Demonstrative pronouns) sunt:
this = acesta, aceasta
That book is yours and this (one) is mine = Cartea aceasta este a ta, iar acesta este a mea.
that = acela, acela
This book is mine and that (one) is yours. = Cartea aceaste este a mea, iar aceea este a ta.
these = aceştia, acestea
Those books are mine and these (ones) are yours. = Cărţile acelea sunt ale mele, iar acestea
sunt ale tale.
Those players are good but these (ones) are better = Jucătorii aceia sunt bini, dar aceştia sunt
mai buni.
those = aceia, acela
These players are very good but those (ones) aren’t. = Jucătorii aceştia sunt foarte buni, dar
aceia nu sunt.
This şi these indică aporpiere a obiectului în timp şi spaţiu faţă de persoana care vorbeşte.
this book – această carte these books – aceste cărţi
that book – aceea carte those books – acele cărţi
this year – anul acesta that year – anul acela, trecut sau viitor
this tune is delightful – melodia aceasta este încântătoare
these houses are larger than those – casele acestea sunt mai mari decât acelea
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the landscape in the mountains is more attractive than that in the plains – priveliştea din
munţi este mai atrăgătoare decât aceea din câmpie
Those are your tennis balls, these are mine – acestea sunt mingile voastre de tennis, acestea
sunt ale mele
Please, give him, this – te rog, dă-i aceasta
What do you think of that? – ce crezi despre aceasta?
Dacă adjectivul demonstrativ se referă la mai mult de un substantive nu este necesar să fie repetat.
Exemple:
This man and woman – acest bărbat şi această femeie
A nu se confunda forma singulară a pronumelui demonstrative that cu that – care, pronume relativ.
2. Pronumele demonstrative aceasta, acesta, aceea, acel, se poate omite în construcţia genitivului
posesiv.
This house is my brother’s – casa aceasta este a fratelui meu
That handbag is my sister’s – poşeta aceea este a surorii mele
Se poate omite substantivul însoţit de genitivul ‘s, când în aceiaşi propoziţie a fost deja amintit şi astfel se
evită repetiţia:
This car is faster than your wife’s – maşina lui este mai rapidă decât a soţiei sale.
I bought my books and my sister’s – am adus cărţile mele şi ale surorii mele
3. One(s) este folosit câteodată şi ca pronume demonstrative pentru a se evita repetarea sau drept
correspondent al articolului adjectival din limba română, cel, cea (this one) sau ca înlocuitor al unui
substantive după adjectivele determinative this, that, which, another, other.
Exemple:
She took off her hat and put a new one – ea şi-a scos pălăria şi şi-a pus o alta.
It’s a fine fish but the one I caught was bigger – este bun peştele dar cel pe care l-am prins este
mai mare
My house is the one on the left - casa mea este aceea de pe stânga
Is that the one who sang last time? – este acela care a cântat data trecută?
All these books are interesting, this (one) for example – toate cărţile sunt interesante, de
exemplu ia-o pe aceasta.
MAI REŢINŢI:
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Her sister was a teacher and she wanted to be one too – sora ei era profesoară şi ea dorea să fie
la fel.
The little ones – cei mici
I’m not one of those (one of those people) who like him – nu sunt dintre aceea (unul dintre)
care-l plac
EXERCIŢII :
Exerciţiul 1
Transformaţi propoziţiile următoare după exemplul de mai jos:
Ex. This is my cat.
This cat belongs to me.
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1. Those are your books.
__________________________________________________
2. That is their ball.
__________________________________________________
3. Is this your house?
__________________________________________________
4. That is Mary’s dog.
__________________________________________________
5. Are these your coats?
__________________________________________________
Exerciţiul 2
Transformaţi propoziţiile de mai jos, folosind pronumele demonstrative după următorul model:
Model: This car is red.
This is a red car.
1. This door is open.
__________________________________________________
2. Those windows are closed.
__________________________________________________
3. These buildings are modern.
__________________________________________________
4. Those boys are naughty.
__________________________________________________
Exerciţiul 3
Completaţi spaţiile libere cu pronumele demonstrative corespunzătoare:
1. Is ____________ all she has to say?
2. ____________ is my younger sister.
3. ____________ is what she said.
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4. ____________ is the fate of an ordinary man.
5. I’d do ____________
6. ____________ is what I am going to do right now.
Exerciţiul 4
Traduceţi în limba română următoarele popoziţii:
a) There’s a squirrel in the tree.
______________________________________________________
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Exerciţiul 5
Completaţi spaţiile libere cu pronumele demonstrative potrivit:
1. ________________ is my school.
2. I like both the shirts, but ________________ is better than _______________.
3. ________________ are my brother’s things.
4. ________________ is my aunt.
5. ________________ is my friend’s umbrella.
Clasificare:
1. Adverbe de mod (Adverbs of Manner)
2. Adverbe de timp (Adverbs of Time)
3. Adverbe de loc (Adverbs of Place)
4. Adverbe de cauză (Adverbs of Cause/Reason)
5. Adverbe de scop (Adverbs of Purpose)
6. Adverbe de cantitate/grad (Adverbs of Quantity)
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willingly = bucuros completely = complet
fluently = fluent/curgător extremely = extrem
by chance = din întâmplare fast = iute
accidently = accidental hardly = greu/abia
how = cât/cum little = puţin
much = mult rather = cam
scarcely = abia very = foarte
well = bine badly = rău
unawares = deodată/pe neaşteptate quickly = repede
slowly = lent/rar/încet aloud = tare/cu voce tare
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sooner or later = mai curând sau mai târziu
Adverbele de cantitate/grad răspund la întrebările how much? = cât?, how little? = cât de puţin? etc.
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almost =aproape/aproximativ enormously = enorm
entirely = în întregime little =puţin
much = mult quite = chiar/total
really = într-adevăr/cu adevărat so = astfel, aşa
sufficiently = suficient enough = destul/suficient
too = prea/suficient very = foarte
ALTE ADVERBE
especially = mai ales, în special at most = cel mult
exactly = exact at latest = cel mai târziu
even = chiar at earliest = cel mai devreme
only = nunai/doar however = totuşi/cu toate acestea
surely = sigur of course = desigur
precisely = précis consequently = ca urmare
also = de asemenea at any rate = în orice caz
at least = cel puţin at worst = în cel mai rău caz
Comparaţia adverbelor
pozitiv comparativ de superioritate superlativ relativ
well = bine better = mai bine the best = cel mai bine
badly = rău worse = mai rău the worst = cel mai rău
far = departe farther = mai departe the farthest = cel mai departe
further = mai departe furthest = cel mai departe
much = mult more = mai mult the most = cel mai mult
near = aproape nearer = mai aproape the nearest = cel mai aproape
little = puţin less =mai puţin the least = cel mai puţin
late = târziu later = mai târziu the latest = cel mai târziu
up = sus upper = mai sus upmost = cel mai sus
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bestial
carefully = atent more carefully = mai atent the most carefully = cel mai atent
fortunately =norocos more fortunately = mai norocos the most fortunately = cel mai
norocos
quickly = rapid more quickly = mai rapid the most quickly = cel mai rapid
charmingly = fermecător more charmingly = mai the most charmingly = cel mai
fermecător fermecător
fluently = fluent more fluently = mai fluent the most fluently = cel mai fluent
gratefully = recunoscător more gratefully = mai the most gratefully = cel mai
recunoscător recunoscător
willingly = bucuros more willingly = mai bucuros the most willingly = cel mai
bucuros
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1. Adriana Iacov, English for tourism- professionals and staff, Bucuresti, Ed.Irescon,
2003.
4. Crocus, A, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Worldwide, Bucuresti, Ed. Sylvi, 1997.
5. Trish Stott, Angela Buckingham, English for Travel and Tourist Industry, Oxford
University Press.
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