Nebosh Idip Unit C: IC1 Workplace Welfare Requirements and Specific Workplace Issues 2017

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
IC1 Workplace Welfare Requirements and Specific Workplace
Issues 2017
1. Define the meaning of workplace and give an example
Is defined as anywhere workers need to be or to go by reason of their work and which are under the
direct or indirect control of the employer. E.g. An engineer in a workshop.
2. Outline steps an employer may need to take to ensure the safety of the workplace.
o Make sure buildings are in good repair.
o Maintain the workplace and any equipment so that it is safe and works efficiently.
o Put right any dangerous defects immediately, or take steps to protect anyone at
risk.
o Take precautions to prevent people or materials falling from height, e.g. fencing or
guard rails.
o Have enough space for safe movement and access (people and vehicles).
o Make sure floors, corridors, and stairs are free of obstructions (e.g. trailing cables)
or spillages.
o Provide good drainage in wet processes.
o Make sure all windows and skylights are designed and constructed so that they may
be cleaned safely.
o Minimise risks caused by snow and ice on outdoor routes, e.g. use grit, salt
3. Outline 5 basic categories of sign, each with its own distinctive shape and colours .
o Prohibition.
o Warning.
o Mandatory.
pg. 1 IDIP NEBOSH CALIFRANCIS254@GMAIL.COM

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
o Escape routes and safety equipment (safe condition).
o Fire equipment.
4. Outline the factors contribute to pedestrian slip accidents and that it is important to
consider all of them when investigating, selecting, or managing walking surfaces.
o Contamination.
o Cleaning.
o Footwear.
o Environment.
o Human (pedestrian) factors.
o Floor surface material.
5. Outline the component in a particular circumstance that an overall assessment of the

slip potential may be made of the floor.
Coefficient of friction (CoF) - from which the slip resistance value (SRV) value is obtained -
the surface roughness (Rz).
6. Define the confined space
any place, including any chamber, tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe, sewer, flue, well or
other similar space in which, by virtue of its enclosed nature, there arises a foreseeable
specified risk
7. OUTLINE THE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH CONFINED SPACE .
o Flammable substances and oxygen enrichment.
o Excessive heat.
o Toxic gases, fumes, and vapours.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
o Oxygen deficiency.
o Liquids.
o Flowing solids.
o Other hazards.
b) what is permit to work as its used in confined space

Is a formal written system and required when there is a reasonably foreseeable risk of
serious injury in entering or working in a confined space
c) Outline what a permit to work contains information
o Responsibilities and roles.
o Time limits for entry.
o Co-ordinations of people and activities.
o Formal checks to be undertaken and their results.
o Results of testing.
o Details of PPE and/or RPE that may be required.
o Emergency information.
o A record that can be referred back to once the job is complete.
8. outline several ways that structures can be damaged .
o Adverse weather conditions.
o Overloading of structures.
o Hot and corrosive atmospheres.
o Vibration.
o Alteration to structural members.
o Subsidence.
o Deterioration of building materials.
o Excavations.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
o Unauthorised modifications to buildings.
b) Outline the Failure modes: possible causes of structural failures
Poor design
Substandard construction
Cutting roof beams
Puncturing holes through floors
Removal of internal walls, etc. can lead to collapse
9. Outline Hierarchy of control measures of working at height.
Avoid working at height.
Use an existing safe place of work.
Provide work equipment to prevent falls (including MEWPS)
Mitigate the distance and consequences of a fall.
Instruction and training and/or other means.
10. Outline how lone workers may face greater risks in certain cases.
o The threat of violence.
o The nature of the work may pose greater risks for lone worker.
o When carrying out manual handling activities that may require assistance.
o Chemicals and hazardous substances being used that may pose a risk to the
worker.
o If machinery is involved in the work that one person cannot operate safely.
o Where the lone worker has a pre-existing medical condition.
o Where the lone worker’s first language is not English, communications may be
compromised, especially in an emergency.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
. IC2 Fire & Explosion 2017

1. WHAT IS combustion
Or fire is a process involving rapid oxidation at elevated temperatures, accompanied by
the evolution of heated gaseous products of combustion.
2. Outline the stages of fire.
o The Induction stage- ignition where preheating, distillation and slow pyrolysis are in
progress.
o The Growth stage -fully-developed pyrolysis that begins with ignition and includes
the initial stage of combustion.
o The Decay stage-the fire is reducing in heat in a constant manner, "the fire is
burning itself out.
3. Define the following terms
a) The flash point of a fuel is the temperature at which vapour given off can be ignited
b) Fire point can be defined as the lowest temperature at which the application of an
ignition source will lead to continuous burning.
C) Auto-ignition temperature is the minimum temperature at which the vapour/air
mixture over a liquid spontaneously catches fire
D) Vapour Density is defined as the ratio of the density of the gas or vapour to the
density of air
E) The relative density of a gas is its density divided by the density of hydrogen at the
same temperature and pressure.
f) The critical temperature is the temperature above which it is no longer possible to
liquefy the substance in question by increasing the pressure.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
g) The maximum explosive limit is the greatest concentration of flammable gas or
vapour in the air which is capable of ignition and subsequent flame propagation under
prescribed test conditions
f) Vapour Pressure is defined as the partial pressure of a gas in equilibrium with a
condensed form (solid or liquid) of the same substance, and is a measure of a liquid's
volatility.
g) Rapid combustion is a form of combustion in which large amounts of heat and light
energy are released.
h) Slow combustion is a form of combustion which takes place at low temperatures
i) Complete combustion, the reactant will burn in oxygen, producing a limited number
of products.
j) incomplete combustion, there is an inadequate supply of oxygen for the combustion
to occur completely
k) Pyrolysis is temperature reliant so therefore if the source of the heat (energy) is
removed, the ignition cannot take place;
4. outline the principle of fire.
Heat, Fuel and Oxygen.
5. Identify the potential ignition sources in your workplace by looking for possible heat
sources.
o Smokers' materials, e.g. cigarettes and matches.
o Naked flames.
o Electrical, gas or oil-fired heaters (fixed or portable).
o Hot processes (such as welding or grinding work).
o Cooking.
o Engines or boilers.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
o Machinery.
o Faulty or misused electrical equipment.
o Lighting equipment, e.g. halogen lamps.
o Hot surfaces and obstruction of equipment ventilation, e.g. office equipment.
o Friction, e.g. from loose bearings or drive belts.
o Static electricity.
o Metal impact (such as metal tools striking each other). and;
o Arson.
6. Explain the difference between confined vapour cloud explosion and unconfined
vapour cloud explosions illustrate with example and its effects .
Confined Vapour Cloud Explosions (CVCE).
If a flammable vapour cloud is ignited inside a container (e.g. a vessel, storage container
a building), pressure can build up until the containing walls rupture. CVCEs can cause
considerable damage and could affect nearby plant where serious secondary explosions
could follow. (Abbeystead, 1984).
Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosions (UCVCE).
If a flammable gas/air cloud burns in free space with sufficient rapidity to generate
pressure waves, which propagate through the vapour cloud and into the surrounding
atmosphere, a UCVE may result. (Nypro UK plant at Flixborough 1974).
7. What is the meaning of Explosions?
Are sudden releases of energy, in this context resulting from a chemical reaction, that
lead to sudden and significant pressure rise.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
8. a) Explain how dust explosion occurs.
Occurs when a combustible material is dispersed in the air, forming a flammable cloud
and a flame propagates through it. This of course also depends on the supply of oxygen
to the fire, and the concentration of the fuel. If either of these are too high or low, then
the explosion will not occur.
b) Outline the Factors Affecting Ignition Sensitivity and Explosion Violence.
o Chemical Composition of the dust (and its moisture content).
o Pressure and temperature of the gas.
o Particle shape and size distribution.
o Degree of dispersion of the dust cloud.
o Concentration distribution in the dust cloud.
o Turbulence in the dust cloud.
o Amount of turbulence caused by the explosion in unburnt parts of the cloud.
o Flame front disturbance by mechanisms other than turbulence.
o Radiative heat transfer from the flame.
9. Outline how boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosions (BLEVE).

A type of rapid phase transition in which a liquid contained above its atmospheric boiling
point is rapidly depressurised, causing a nearly instantaneous transition from liquid to
vapour with a corresponding energy release. A BLEVE is often accompanied by a large
fireball if a flammable liquid is involved, since an external fire impinging on the vapour
space of a pressure vessel is a common BLEVE scenario. However, it is not necessary for the
liquid to be flammable to have a BLEVE occur.
10. outline What does DSEAR require? Employers .
Establish what dangerous substances are in the workplace and what the fire and explosion
risks are.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
o Put control measures in place to remove those risks or, where this is not possible,
control them.
o Put controls in place to reduce the effects of any incidents involving dangerous
substances.
o Prepare plans and procedures to deal with accidents, incidents and emergencies
involving dangerous substances.
o Make sure employees are properly informed about and trained to control or deal
with the risks from the dangerous substances.
o Identify and classify areas of the workplace where explosive atmospheres may occur
and avoid ignition sources

11. Outline areas where explosions can occur these areas are divided into zones.
o Zone 0: Explosive atmosphere in air with gas, vapour or mist present continuously
or for long periods of time.
o Zone 1: Explosive atmosphere in air with gas, vapour or mist likely to occur in
normal operation occasionally.
o Zone 2: Explosive atmosphere in air with gas, vapour or mist not likely to occur in
normal operation, but if it does it will be for a short period only.
o Zone 20: Explosive atmosphere in air with a cloud of combustible dust present
continuously or for long periods of time.
o Zone 21: Explosive atmosphere in air with a cloud of combustible dust likely to
occur in normal operation occasionally.
o Zone 22: Explosive atmosphere in air with a cloud of combustible dust which is not
likely to occur in normal operation. But if it does it will be for a short period only

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
12. a) Identity necessary conditions for a dust explosion: to occur
o A combustible dust.
o The dust is suspended in the air at a high concentration.
o There is an oxidant (typically atmospheric oxygen).
o The dust is confined.
o There is an ignition source.
b) Outline the methods of preventing dust explosions:
o Inerting where inert gases are added to the 'air' in the system to ensure that the
oxygen level is always maintained below the LOC.
o Control of Sources of Ignition where all potential sources of ignition in areas
where dust clouds might form are controlled
o Limiting generation or release of dust clouds: If the process can be designed so
that dust clouds are not generated
o Suppression where the presence of either a spark
13. OUTLINE HOW The behaviour of building structures and materials in fire
Concrete:
Concretes have a tendency to spall due to high thermal conductivity of such aggregate.
Wood
it is not easily ignitable, but the most important property of wood is the formation of
char after ignition. Charred wood is likely to be found in nearly all structural fires.
STEEL
Steel is considered considerably more vulnerable to fire than reinforcing steels which are
encased in concrete which has good insulating properties and so protects reinforcing steels
from significant losses in strength

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
Plastics:
A large variety of plastics are used in buildings. The main disadvantage is that all plastics
are combustible.
outline the designers resposibilities in construction phase

Assist
the client in identifying, obtaining and collating the pre-construction
information.
Provide pre-construction information to designers, the principal contractor and
contractors.
Ensure that (if principal designer) other designers comply with their duties and co-
operate with each other.
Liaise with the principal contractor for the duration of the appointment.
Prepare the health and safety file”.
Outline theRoles and Responsibilities - Principal Contractor.

Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety in the construction phase of a
project. This includes:
Liaising with the client and (principal) designer.
Preparing the construction phase plan.
Organising cooperation between contractors and coordinating their work.
Ensuring that:
Suitable site inductions are provided
Reasonable steps are taken to prevent unauthorised access.
Workers are consulted and engaged in securing their health and safety.
Welfare facilities are provided.
Outline how The employer, the contractor or principal contractor should do workers in site ,
Provideinformation about health and safety, including a site induction.
Ensure that workers have the necessary training to work safely and healthily.
Consult and engage on health and safety.
Foster a workplace culture of respect and trust. This will result in workers and
management having a better understanding of any health and safety concerns that are
raised.
Provide appropriate supervision, depending on work activities being carried out and
the skills, knowledge, and experience of individuals.
Make sure that health hazards are managed as well as safety hazards, and
that health risks are clearly communicated to workers, along with the details of control
measures.
Explain the arrangements for co-operation and co-ordination between workers
employers and other contractors.
materials will become fragile due to many factors:

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
The fixings were badly secured, leading to excessive wear around the fixing;
The fixing washers have failed due to over-tightening, leading to sheet and fixing
corrosion;
The protective surface of the profiled sheeting was damaged by foot traffic during
construction or during the roof maintenance phase, which will lead to an early
breakdown of the sheet’s performance;
Any slip or fall on to the roof may damage the assembly, which could lead to early
corrosion failure;
External atmospheric conditions (e.g. saline or factory processes) may lead to early
failure of the sheet’s performance; or
The sheets and fixings have reached the end of their design performance.
Make sure that there are adequate, clean and accessible welfare facilities (such as
toilets and washrooms).
Comply with legal health and safety requirements for construction sites
The following are likely to be fragile:
Old roof lights;
Old liner panels on built-up sheeted roofs;
Non-reinforced fibre cement sheets;
Corroded metal sheets, either as the primary waterproofing system or as the
structural deck supporting a membrane roofing system;
Glass (including wired glass);
Rotted chipboard or similar;
Wood wool slabs; and
Slates and tiles
The hierarchy for work on fragile roofs is
Work from underneath the roof using a suitable work platform;
Where this is not possible, consider using a MEWP that allows people to work from
within the MEWP basket without standing on the roof itself;
If access onto the fragile roof cannot be avoided, perimeter edge protection should
be installed and staging used to spread the load. Unless all the work and access is on
staging or platforms that are fitted with guard rails, safety nets should be installed
underneath the roof or a harness system used, and
Where harnesses are used they need adequate anchorage points. They also rely on
discipline, training, and supervision to make sure that they are used consistently and
correctly.
Roof ladders or crawling boards should be:
Designed and fabricated to be fit for purpose;
Strong enough to support workers when spanning across the supports for the roof
covering;
Long enough to span the supports (at least three rafters); and
Secured or placed to prevent accidental movement
For the cradle to operate safely, the responsible person should ensure:
it is safe and fit for purpose in accordance with its design.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
it is installed by competent persons.
it is properly tested, examined and maintained.
it is used by competent and trained operatives.
there are adequate records kept of its operation and maintenance
The manufacturers safe working load is NEVER exceeded by the weight of people
and equipment.
The equipment is not used in weather conditions outside the manufacturers ‘safe’
quoted ranges.
They use suitable fall prevention/fall arrest equipment e.g. a full body harness with
energy absorbing lanyards. Such equipment should conform to relevant standards.
All tools and equipment taken into the cradle are secured e.g. by a suitable lanyard.
Restrictions and control may be necessary during:
1. The dropping of debris.
2. The operation of demolition plant.
3. Pre-weakening activities.
4. Deliberate collapse or pulling over of buildings.
5. The use of explosives
he following factors increase the risk of collapse of excavation sides:
o Loose, uncompact, granular soils, i.e. sand or gravel, or mixtures containing them.
o Excavations through different strata, e.g. a weak layer lower down in an excavated
face can undermine more stable layers above, such as layers of sand or gravel in
otherwise stiff clays.
o The presence of groundwater, and the effect on the excavation sides from surface
water running into the excavation.
o Made-up ground, such as loosely consolidated fill material, old refuse tips, etc.
o Proximity to earlier excavations.
o Loose blocks of fractured rock.
o Weathering, e.g. rain, drying out, freeze/thaw effects.
o Vibration from plant, equipment, road or rail traffic.
o The proximity of loaded foundations.
o Damage to the support system by personnel, or when materials are lowered into the
excavation.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
o Undercutting of the road pavement structure or kerbs and gullies.
Sequence of work for traditional shoring (open sheeting) is:
o Excavate in sections to the depth and length of a waling.
o Place vertical trench sheets at each end of the trench and drive them into the base
of the excavation with the excavator bucket.
o Install a horizontal waling along each side of the excavation about 300 mm below
ground level by hanging it from the top of the trench sheets.
o Working from a lightweight staging (with guard rails affixed) laid across the trench,
insert a strut between the walings at the location of the trench sheets.
o Install the sheets between the walings and the trench sides and drive into the base
of the excavation.
o Install intermediate struts as necessary from the lightweight staging (and install
edge protection as necessary to prevent people falling into the trench).
o Position a ladder into the excavation, secure, and install lower and intermediate
walings as required by the design.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
IC4 The Storage, Handling & Processing of Dangerous
Substances 2017.
1. Outline the following terms
Endothermic reactions
These are reactions that take in energy from the surroundings. The energy is usually
transferred as heat energy, causing the reaction mixture and its surroundings to get
colder. Examples of endothermic reactions are:
o Electrolysis &The reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate.
A runaway reaction is a chemical reaction over which control has been lost. It continues to
accelerate in reaction speed until it either runs out of reactants or the vessel containing it
overpressures, losing containment – frequently with high risk of injury and equipment
damage. Causes of incidents
Incidents occur because of:
o Inadequate understanding of the process chemistry and thermo chemistry.
o Inadequate design for heat removal.
o Mischarging of reactants.
o Inadequate temperature control.
o Inadequate agitation.
o Inadequate maintenance.
o Raw material quality.
o Inadequate control systems and safety systems and;
o Inadequate operational procedures, including training

2. Outline how Methods of controlling exothermic and runaway reactions.
Design the plant to contain the maximum pressure.
Fit emergency relief valves and ensure vented material goes to a safe place.
Crash cool the reaction mixture if it moves outside set limits.

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
Add a reaction inhibitor to kill the reaction and prevent runaway; or.
Dump the reaction into a quenching fluid.
3. Outline the general principles of a bund design.
o Be able to hold 110% of the vessel content.
o Have impermeable base and walls.
o Have walls strong enough to contain the hydrostatic head of the fluid.
o Have walls high enough to contain "jet" fluid releases.
o Not have pipe work passing through the walls.
o Have a suitable drain for controlled release of rainwater.
o Be protected from any nearby traffic movement.
3. OUTLINE Key safety principles in loading and unloading of tankers and tank containers.
Correct interfacing with a loading gantry/offloading point at a distribution terminal
This should ensure safe operation when loading and unloading.
The Transports Emergency card (TREM card) is a document which describes the nature
of the hazardous load and action to be taken in an emergency.
Should be clear written procedures for the loading/unloading operation.
Earth connections should be used during loading and unloading to prevent the
possibility of a static spark
No other sources of ignition, such as smoking materials should be allowed in the
vicinity.
The loading/unloading area should be located in a separate area from other vehicles to
avoid the possibility of collisions.
Top filling of a tanker is used, hand rails should be fitted to prevent the driver from
falling.
Fire extinguishers should be carried on all vehicles. Spill kits should be available at the
unloading/loading location.
4. Outline the importance of driver training programmes.
Are aware of the hazards arising in the carriage of dangerous goods.
Can take steps to reduce the likelihood of an incident taking place.
Can take all necessary measures for their own safety and that of the public and the
environment to limit the effects of any incident that does occur.
Have individual practical experience of the actions they will need to take.
Drivers may receive additional training, such as Defensive Driving Training.
5. Outline the Key steps to protecting equipment from corrosion

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
o Selecting materials according to their galvanic properties. Different metals and
alloys have different electrode potentials. When two different metals are electrically
connected in the presence of an electrolyte, such as seawater, the more active metal
will become anodic – losing electrons and increasing its oxidation state in a process
known as galvanic corrosion. Galvanic corrosion can be minimized by selecting
metals close together in the galvanic series.
o Using protective coatings. Various finishes can be applied to help isolate metallic
surfaces from the surrounding corrosive environment. The most familiar example is
ordinary paint applied to steel to prevent rust, but there are many other methods
including baked enamel, epoxy powder coat and PVC coating.
o Taking advantage of passivation. Certain metals form a layer of metal oxide on the
surface, a few molecules thick, in a process known as passivation. This occurs
naturally, but the process can also be enhanced through chemical passivation
treatments or anodisation.
o Choosing non-metallic components. Manufacturers are increasingly offering non-
metallic products that are completely impervious to the environments and
substances that can corrode metals.
5. Outline the classifications exist for dusts:
o Zone 20
o An area where ignitable concentrations of combustible dust are present
continuously or for long periods of time under normal operating conditions.
o Zone 21

NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C
SUMMARY
o An area where ignitable concentrations of combustible dust are likely to exist under
normal operating conditions.
o Zone 22
o An area where ignitable concentrations of combustible dust are not likely to exist
under normal operating conditions.

6.

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NEBOSH IDIP UNIT C

1. Define the meaning of workplace and give an example

o Make sure buildings are in good repair.

o Provide good drainage in wet processes.

pg. 1 IDIP NEBOSH CALIFRANCIS254@GMAIL.COM

o Human (pedestrian) factors.

o Floor surface material.

5. Outline the component in a particular circumstance that an overall assessment of the

6. Define the confined space

7. OUTLINE THE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH CONFINED SPACE .

o Flammable substances and oxygen enrichment.

o Toxic gases, fumes, and vapours.

pg. 2 IDIP NEBOSH CALIFRANCIS254@GMAIL.COM

b) what is permit to work as its used in confined space

c) Outline what a permit to work contains information

o Responsibilities and roles.

o Time limits for entry.

o Co-ordinations of people and activities.

o Formal checks to be undertaken and their results.

o Details of PPE and/or RPE that may be required.

o A record that can be referred back to once the job is complete.

8. outline several ways that structures can be damaged .

o Adverse weather conditions.

o Hot and corrosive atmospheres.

o Alteration to structural members.

o Deterioration of building materials.

pg. 3 IDIP NEBOSH CALIFRANCIS254@GMAIL.COM

b) Outline the Failure modes: possible causes of structural failures

Cutting roof beams

Puncturing holes through floors

Removal of internal walls, etc. can lead to collapse

9. Outline Hierarchy of control measures of working at height.

Avoid working at height.

Use an existing safe place of work.

Provide work equipment to prevent falls (including MEWPS)

Mitigate the distance and consequences of a fall.

Instruction and training and/or other means.

o The threat of violence.

o Where the lone worker has a pre-existing medical condition.

compromised, especially in an emergency.

pg. 4 IDIP NEBOSH CALIFRANCIS254@GMAIL.COM

. IC2 Fire & Explosion 2017

Or fire is a process involving rapid oxidation at elevated temperatures, accompanied by

the evolution of heated gaseous products of combustion.

2. Outline the stages of fire.

the initial stage of combustion.

burning itself out.

3. Define the following terms

ignition source will lead to continuous burning.

C) Auto-ignition temperature is the minimum temperature at which the vapour/air

mixture over a liquid spontaneously catches fire

same temperature and pressure.

f) The critical temperature is the temperature above which it is no longer possible to

liquefy the substance in question by increasing the pressure.

pg. 5 IDIP NEBOSH CALIFRANCIS254@GMAIL.COM

prescribed test conditions

f) Vapour Pressure is defined as the partial pressure of a gas in equilibrium with a

energy are released.

h) Slow combustion is a form of combustion which takes place at low temperatures

j) incomplete combustion, there is an inadequate supply of oxygen for the combustion

k) Pyrolysis is temperature reliant so therefore if the source of the heat (energy) is

removed, the ignition cannot take place;