BOOK REVIEW (WRITING)

DOSEN PEMBIMBING
Rizki Diliarti Armaya S,Pd, M,Pd

Indriyani (1740601042)

BORNEO UNIVERSITY OF TARAKAN

EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF FACULTY
ENGLISH STUDENT ASSOSIATION
2018/2019
 PREFACE

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us, thanks to God for

helping me and give me chance to finish this assighment timely. This

assignment is the one of English task that composed of book resume, and the

title of a book is “CURRENT ESSENTIALS, Nephrology & Hypertension”.

But I hope it can be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed here to make

this assighment be better.

Compiler Indriyani

NPM : 1740601042
 BAB I
INTRODUCTION

This book are contains of to-the-point diagnostic and therapeutic information on kidney
diseases, hypertension, and kidney transplantation. CURRENT Essentials of Nephrology &
Hypertension is a practical, state-of-the-art review of the clinical management of kidney
disease and hypertension. Concise and authoritative, the book offers a consistent, easy-to-
follow presentation and thoroughly addresses hypertension and the full spectrum of kidney
diseases.
 Conveniently presents one disease per page
 Bulleted data covering Essentials of Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment for
each disease state
 A Pearl, and in most cases, a reference for each condition
 Every section or subsection arranged in alphabetical order
 Important subspecialty considerations, including care of pediatric, elderly, diabetic,
elderly, diabetic, and critical care patients.
 BAB II
BOOK RESUME
Diuretic Abuse
 Essentials of Diagnosis
 Commonly noted in patients who would like to lose weigh, especially on females. A
variety of complication with electrolyte balance can be noted with surreptitious use of
diuretics
 Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with volume depletion, assseociated with increased
urinary sodium and chlorid concentration (Bulimia causes low urinary chloride
concentration)
 Diuratic screen in the urine
 Differenttial diagnosis
 Inherited renal salt wasting disorders (Bartter, Gitelman syndrom)
 Treatment
 Discontinue use diuretics; use only one indicated.
 Pearl
Consider diuretic abuse in patients with otherwise unexplained hypokalmia and metabolic
alkalosis

BAB II
Diuretic Resistence
 Essentials of Diagnosis
 Inadequate reduction in EFC volume despite near maximal does of loop diuretics
(generally) intravenously
 Cause include worsening of CFC of cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, impaired
delivery diurinetic to active site in the kidney. Chronic diuretic use with intrarenal
adaptations limiting diuretic response, and interfering medication (such as NSAIDs)
which inhibit secretion of diuretics into tubules.
 Treatment
 Intervenous deutetics: if patient has been receiving only oral diuretics , a trial of IV
diuretics in adequate doses.
 Combination diuretic therapy: combine loop diuretic with thia-zide or thiazide-like
diuretic (active in diastal convoluted tubulet, acetazolamide. Patient need be carefully
watched for ECF volume depletion. Electrolyte abnormalities
 Continous diuretics: Avoids peaks and through of bolus adminitrtion and salt
retention after diuretic effect wears off dise can be easily titrated in intensive
 Ultrafiltration : if diuretic therapy fails and patient is still volume overloaded,
ultrafiltration with hemodialysis, peritoeal dialysis, or continous renal replacement
therapy can be used for volume removal depending on indicartion , blood pressure,
and urgency.
 Pearl
In patients with diuretic resistence consider and investigate for nephrotic syndrom ,
nonadherence, use of NSAIDs, and excessivedietary salt intake
EDAMA
 Essential of Diagnosis
 Edma is pepbale swetting caused by increased inerstitial fluid volume. Massive
accumulation of fluid in the interstitum is called anasara, often associated with both
edama and ascities
 Mechanisms of formation nclude :
- Increased renal sodium retention (CHF, cirrhosis, acute and chronic kidney diese,
nephroti syndrome, pregnancy
- Hypoalbumynomiawith decreased oncotic pressure(nephrotic syndrom, protein-
losing enterohaty, chirrhosos, malnutrition)
- Venous or lymphatic obstruction.
- Increased capillary premeability (burns, trauma, spesis, allergic reaction, some
medication such as dihydropyridinecalcium channel blockers)
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiophatic edema, cyclic edema
- Caillary leak syndrom
 Treatment
 Treat underlying disorder
 Restriction of dietary sodium intake
 Diuretics: the diuretic of choice may vary in certain conditions
 Elevation of extremities for dependent edama , edama related to venous or lymphatic
obstruction
 Pressure stockings
 Pearl
In hospitalized patients examine dependent areas such as posterior things, back, and sacral
area because edam in the lower extremities may not be apparent, leading to the erroneous
conclusion that edema has resolved if only the lower extremities are examined

Extracellular Fluid Volume Depletion

 Essentials of Diagnosis
 Extracellular Fluid (ECF) volume depletion occurs when loss of sodium and water
from the ECF exceeds intake.
 Grastointestinal losses: vomiting, diarrhea, exernal drainage Renal losses : diuretics
solute diuresis minerallocorticoid deficiency; Cutaneous losses: sweat and burns.
 Symptoms and signs incude: fatigue, thrist musclecramps, dizziness, confusion,
orthostatic hypotentions, decreased jugular venonus pressure.
 Laboratory abnormalities include:
- Low urine sodium (Na) concerntation (<20 mEq/L) and fractional excretion of
sodium
- High urine osmolarity and specific gravity
- Elvated BUN serum creatne ratio (>20)
 - May be hyponatermia, hyperatermia, or normal serum sodium concrentation.
- Often with evidence of “hemoconcentration “ : elevated hermatocrit, hemoglobin,
albumin.
 Treatment
Fluid resescitation should be done early to prevant systematic hypoperfusions and end-
organ tissue injury. Other electrolytes should be replaced as indicated. If hypo or
hypermatremic, other IV solutions may need to be given but volume depletion should be
at least partially corrected fist. Blood transfusion is indicate in cases of hemorrhage.
 Pearl
Hypotermia assosiated eith hypovolemia, even if severe, uasually correct =s with restoration
of ECF volume. So hypertonic saline should be avoided, if possible, to avoid overly rapid
correction of hyponatermia in such patients
Title : Current Essentials Nephrology & Hypertantion
Author : Edgar R.V. Lerma, Jeffrey S. Berns, Allen R. Nisseson
APPENDIX