INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION A Practical Guide BY TRACT NOVINGER Suecessfully communicating wh peopl fom acter clare eqs tearing moe then jot the ngie Whe ambing word se my ene caren aking the wpoen cil ale tt ven pont ta ton can pel due or bosnepeope vl nine anyone wh comm ies crs ell foundries To lp You mod sich daa ale, Tey Novng scm ths aortas. practi or decipein a allow: tng the alta gover ces, demons how hs les ap seco Novinger besos by explaining how a mar proponion of communication thin ‘ute ocr oneal trough Bhanor and manners shared atte common fxpeciations and so om Then, sing re fe examples apd aneedots, she pnp the commonly occuring obstaces to communion that can ance when cares erin ther communication chain She shows how thse bss come nto a els Kets he US od Scns acess a mating the tmsplen rus of Mexia clare ey to cementing busines and sci reaton ips vg tice lh a ir ebl raiglso suceslly ce uniting acos elas ‘real eat owsientpalesonal curly residing im Austin, Teas, Tey Nowtnger nites from exenste reach an her peronal experiences of ing ad working in cultures as diverse as Aruba and Tait. Se was born nthe Caribe, Sutil i Drson slaps scr lng, he ter eens and has a masters degre communications‘Thema neal iy dey. {nour word of expanding technology and shrinking geography, people of Aierent cultures have increasing frequency of contact and need for efetve ‘communication ona daily basis Speaking a diferent language isan obvious ‘obstacle o intercultural communication, but a greater and more dificult hurdles to “speak diferent cure. Eventhough we may lam the words, the grammar, and the recognizable pronunciation of «language, me may ‘tl noc knowhow to navigate around the peter obtacles vo communica ‘ion that are peesntd by cultural dilerence. ‘Commnication speci smae that rom two thirds to thre fourths of our communication takes place nonverbaly though behavior. Al be havior is communication, and since we cannot not behave, we cannot not communicate. During all ofthe waking hours hat we spend with other hu ‘man beings we “peak” volumes though the behavior our entre hat eed ico Fach of wt conditioned by our caltre fom bith. We een when t0 speak up and when to heep quiet. We lean that some facial expressions ‘meee with approval and others provoke a reprimand. We are taught which estures ae acceptable and which ae no, and whether we an publicly an- ‘wrap agit; we learn where to put out hands ata meal, wheter of not we ‘an make note with oar mowths when we eat, which able tens to use ‘emote, and in what fashion we may se thers. We learn Bow to addess ‘peopl aa manner approved by our culture, what rove of vice wo employ, ‘what postures ceaored and what i praised, when and how t9 make eye contact and for how long, and countless ther things tha would be impos sibletotemember consciously and weal atthe same te when nerating socially This communicative behaviors earned so well that it becomes i ‘eralized ata subconscious level, We are primary aware of deviations from four presribedcatural aoe, and we tend to natively ease any sich deviation, ‘Since we lean ou cultural bcavior in unit eis wsful artifice to com pare clara ferences in uns To Fear to communicate actos cultures ‘ore quickly and more fective, we en apply Framework of catepoies, of potenal obstacles (cultural units) to our own and to a target calere. part 1 ofthis book address the nced for succesful communication across cultares and defines what constutesaculure: Next, an original ax fonomy of potential intercleral communication obstacles ie constructed feom the hterature of communication, anthropology, poycholog, sociology busines, and current evens, as well as fom icervicws with persons of ‘moliculral backgrounds. The categories are explained, and many ae i Iasrated with aneedots, at I apples the framework of obstacles outlined in Part to the dit ferences in cual nie of the United States and Menio. This splice tion demonstrates how these cultural dferences create misunderstanding and ineectual communica n commonly occurring business and socal Pa I prescribes an fective appeoah wo inerculural communication erween any two cultures, using the framework of potential obstaks to efficiently obtain resus, We an act consciously to transcend the rules with, ‘which our own cular eps ws1 Srie oF ounscurts ‘Wecanmet se communicate. 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