II.

For Immiscible Liquid

1. Using a wash bottle, gently pour the heavier liquid in the one opening the U-tube
apparatus (Note: The height of the liquid must be sufficient to accommodate the lighter
liquid.)
2. On the other opening of the U-tube, gently pour in the lighter liquid. (Note: Care should
be made not to break liquids into small drops.)
3. Allow the liquid to settle. This will only take few minutes.
4. With reference to liquids interface, measure heights of water and sample.
5. Record all pertinent data.
6. Perform other trials with varying height of sample.
 Laboratory Exercise No.2
Determination of Specific Gravity of Certain Liquid

FINAL TABULATION OF DATA

I. For Miscible Liquid

A. For the sample.
Sample used: SODIUM SILICATE Sample’s temperature: 30 ◦C

Mass of Vol. of Density

Mass of Mass of cyl. +
Trial Nos. sample sample ρ𝑆
Cylinder (gram) sample (gram)
(gram) (ml) (kg/𝑚3 )
1 339.67 493.78 154.11 100 1541.10
2 106.10 262.54 156.44 100 1564.40
3 325.42 483.33 157.91 100 1579.10
4 106.10 262.43 156.43 100 1564.30
5 108.77 266.31 156.54 100 1565.40
6 105.98 263.60 157.62 100 1576.20
7 327.56 479.08 151.52 100 1520.00
8 100.14 258.07 258.07 100 1579.30
9 99.75 256.99 197.21 100 1572.10

Average 𝛒𝑺 = 1562.43 kg/𝒎𝟑

B. For the water. Sample’s temperature: 30 ◦C

Mass of Vol. of Density

Mass of Mass of cyl. +
Trial Nos. sample sample ρ𝑆
Cylinder (gram) sample (gram)
(gram) (ml) (kg/𝑚3 )
1 339.67 438.08 98.41 100 98.41
2 587.01 1576.00 988.99 1000 988.99
3 687.49 1601.43 989.96 1000 989.96
4 492.53 1455.90 993.40 1000 993.40
5 589.00 1576.32 987.32 1000 987.32
6 589.78 1581.12 991.34 1000 991.34
7 327.56 422.95 95.39 100 95.39
8 550.08 1530.68 980.60 1000 980.60
9 550.66 1530.16 985.50 1000 985.50

Average 𝛒𝑾 = 983.9 kg/𝒎𝟑

Average specific gravity from the laboratory exercise = 1.59
Acceptable value of specific gravity = 1.60 (Refer other related literatures for this value.)
% Difference = 0.625 %

II. For Miscible Liquid

Sample used: OIL Sample’s temperature: 30 ◦C
Height of Specific
Trial Height of
sample Gravity
Nos. water (mm)
(mm) (G𝑆 )
1 130 144 0.90
2 128 144 0.89
3 128 145 0.88
4 127 144 0.88
5 132 144 0.92
6 132 144 0.92
7 131 145 0.90
8 127 143 0.89
9 129 144 0.90

Average (G𝑆 ) = 0.90

Accepted (G𝑆 ) = 0.88
% Difference = 2.27%
 SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS
TRIAL NUMBER:

% Difference

Average specific gravity from the laboratory exercise = 1.59

Acceptable value of specific gravity = 1.60

% Difference

1.60−1.59
100 x = 0.625 %
1.60
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND RESULT

In this Laboratory Exercise, we have encountered error that resulted to a

percentage of difference for the density of the sample liquid (Sodium Silicate),
Density of the water and Average specific gravity of the liquids from the accepted
to the one that our group got. It is mainly because of a human error. The other
factor is the instrument used and it is not as good as new.
As what you can see in the Final Tabulation of Data For the sample (Sodium
Silicate), it shows some similarity in the values at the column of Specific Weight
like in the Trials 2&3 and also for the water Trials 2&5. In the Average Density of
Sodium Silicate in all trials it has the value of 1562.43 kg/𝑚3 , and in the Average
density of water in all trials it has the value of 983.9 kg/𝑚3 .
The difference is small because everyone is serious following what is
needed to be performed. The instruments used is not as good as new but it is still
a great experience for us.
We got all the results considering the Sampled Used: Sodium Silicate and
Tap Water and also with its Temperature that varies per trials/group.
 CONCLUSION

That in this Laboratory Exercise, we have successfully familiarized ourselves

to some instruments in the laboratory like the U tube. I have understood the way
of how the specific gravity of a liquid is computed. The liquids used in this
laboratory exercise are tap water and sodium silicate. This exercise is helpful for
us engineering students because it can be used not only in our studies but in the
reality or outside the school campus and in some CE Applications like in
construction and maintenance of Dams and Irrigation systems.
 ABSTRACT

It is a Laboratory exercise that has something to do with the instruments

and calculations/determination of the specific gravity of the sample liquid. Tap
water and Sodium Silicate are the liquid used in this laboratory exercise.
Using the instruments like the U tube, Analytical balance, Graduated
Cylinder, Thermometer and Wash bottle we are able to Put sample liquid (Tap
Water) to the Graduated Cylinder and Weigh it. It can determine not just the mass
of the cylinder but also the mass of the sample. The volume used is all in One
Thousand milliliters. In the determination of the specific gravity of a liquid Tap
water and Sodium Silicate) it is just dividing the mass of sample to the volume of
the sample.
All will arrive in the computed but it is needed to compute the Average
Density of the liquids (Tap water and Sodium Silicate). In this Laboratory Exercise
the average density for the sample (Sodium Silicate) in our group is 1562.43
kg/𝑚3 and the average density for water in our group is 983.9 kg/𝑚3 . The average
specific gravity from the laboratory exercise is 1.59 and the percentage difference
of it from the accepted value of 1.60 is 0.625 percent.
The Percentage of difference for the specific gravity in this laboratory
exercise is computed by the difference of the Accepted Value of the specific
gravity of the liquid and the accepted value of the specific gravity of the liquid
from the exercise divided by the Accepted Value of the specific gravity of the
liquid and multiplied by One hundred. In this Laboratory Exercise the average
Specific gravity from the class is 0.90 and the percentage difference of it from the
accepted value of specific gravity (0.88) is 2.27 percent.
 PHOTOS OF SET-UP

Weighing a Graduated Cylinder. Adding a 1000 ml tap Water.

Getting the height Getting the temperature

of the liquid (oil). of the tap water
 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

1. Specific gravity is an important property of fluids being related to density and viscosity.
Knowing the specific gravity will allow determination of a fluid’s characteristics compared to
a standard, usually water, at a specified. When it comes to configuring a mixer, knowing the
specific gravity of the fluids being blended is important because it will influence the torque &
horsepower that is required to properly mix your fluid. In applications with higher specific
gravity, more torque would be required to produce the desired result. If specific gravity was
not taken into consideration, and a mixer not optimized accordingly, results would be
unpredictable, and motor damage and/or failure would likely occur.

2. Liquid C will be at the lowest, Liquid B will be at the middle and Liquid C will be on the
top because Water has a specific gravity equal to 1. Materials with a specific gravity less than
1 are less dense than water, and will float on the pure liquid; substances with a specific gravity
more than 1 are denser than water, and will sink. C is more than 1 so it will sink from the two
liquids, B is greater than the Liquid A so it goes down from the Liquid A but float at liquid C,
and for the liquid A having lowest specific gravity means it will float to the top.

3. Given:
𝑆𝐴 = 0.82 𝑉𝐴 = 1.75𝑚3 γ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 9.65 KN / 𝑚3
𝑆𝐵 = 0.95 𝑉𝐵 = 2.35𝑚3
𝑆𝐶 = 1.26 𝑉𝐶 = 0.86𝑚3

Solution: Formula: W = S x V x γ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑊𝐴 = 0.82 x 1.75𝑚3 x 9.65 KN / 𝑚3 = 13.85 KN
𝑊𝐵 = 0.95 x 2.35𝑚3 x 9.65 KN / 𝑚3 = 21.54 KN
𝑊𝐶 = 1.26 x 0.86𝑚3 x 9.65 KN / 𝑚3 = 10.45 KN

ℎ𝑤
4. Formula : G𝑆 =
ℎ𝑠
0.45𝑚
= = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏
0.495𝑚

* 45cm = 0.45m
* 49.5cm = 0.495m