Calorie is a unit of energy. There is actually two units with the name that have been widely used.

The
small calorie or gram calorie (usually denoted cal) is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the
temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin). The large calorie, food calorie,
or kilocalorie (Cal or kcal) is the amount of heat needed to cause the same increase on one kilogram of
water. Thus, 1 kcal = 1000 cal.

Saturated Fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds.

Trans Fat, also called trans-unsaturated fatty acids or trans fatty acids, is a type of unsaturated fat that
occurs in small amounts in meat and milk fat.

Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol
for an alcohol) is an organic molecule. It is a sterol (or modified steroid), a type of lipid. Cholesterol is
biosynthesized by all animal cells and is an essential structural component of animal cell membranes.
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a
soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table,
because it has a single electron in its outer shell, which it readily donates, creating a positively charged
ion—the Na+ cation. Its only stable isotope is 23Na. The free metal does not occur in nature, and must
be prepared from compounds. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and exists
in numerous minerals such as feldspars, sodalite, and rock salt (NaCl). Many salts of sodium are highly
water-soluble: sodium ions have been leached by the action of water from the Earth's minerals over
eons, and thus sodium and chlorine are the most common dissolved elements by weight in the oceans.

Dietary Fiber (British spelling fibre) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be
completely broken down by human digestive enzymes.

Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. The
various types of sugar are derived from different sources. Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and
include glucose (also known as dextrose), fructose, and galactose. "Table sugar" or "granulated sugar"
refers to sucrose, a disaccharide of glucose and fructose. In the body, sucrose is hydrolysed into fructose
and glucose.

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid
residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic
reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and
transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their
sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually
results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.

Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of

calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects. In humans, the most
important compounds in this group are vitamin D3 (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2
(ergocalciferol).

Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal,
calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and
chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most
abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. The
most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised
remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and apatite are also sources of calcium. The
name derives from Latin calx "lime", which was obtained from heating limestone.

Iron (/ˈaɪərn/) is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a
metal, that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is by mass the most
common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common
element in the Earth's crust.
Potassium is a chemical element with the symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.
Potassium is a silvery-white metal that is soft enough to be cut with a knife with little force. Potassium
metal reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to form flaky white potassium peroxide in only seconds of
exposure. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name derives. In the
periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals, all of which have a single valence electron in the
outer electron shell, that is easily removed to create an ion with a positive charge – a cation, that
combines with anions to form salts. Potassium in nature occurs only in ionic salts. Elemental potassium
reacts vigorously with water, generating sufficient heat to ignite hydrogen emitted in the reaction, and
burning with a lilac-colored flame. It is found dissolved in sea water (which is 0.04% potassium by
weight) and occurs in many minerals such as orthoclase, a common constituent of granites and other
igneous rocks.