Determination of partial molal

volume of KCl in aqueous solution.

Aim :
To determine the partial molal volume of KCl in
aqueous solution.
Theory :
It is possible to determine the partial molal
volume of both constituents of binary mixture of
composition by the method of intercept. Let V a is the
average value of intercept. The value of V to be
determined , if n1 and n2 are number of moles of
solvent and solute in binary mixture.
Va = V / (n1+n2)
V = Va (n1+n2) (1)
differentiating equation (1) at constant
temperature and pressure with respect to n 2 at
constant n1
(∂V/∂n2)n1 = V2 = Va+(n1+n2)(∂Va/ ∂n2)n,T,P (2)
then the mole fraction of X of solvent is given by
X1 = n1 / (n1+n2)
Differentiating above equation with respect to n2
keeping n1 constant

dX1/dn2 = -n1/(n1+n2)2 = -X1/(n1+n2)

(n1+n2) / dn2 = -X1/dX1
ie, (n1+n2)(dV/dn2)n1 = -X1(dVa/dX1)n1 (3)

substituting this equation of (dVa/dX2)n1 doesnot

depends on which X1 varied. It doesnot necessary
to improve the condition that n1 should be held
cannot.
Hence equation (3) can be written as
V2 = Va = X1 = (∂Va/∂X1)

The value of Va for mixture of various composition

are plotted against X1 .

Procedure :
The Pyknometer was cleaned, dried
and weighed empty. It was then filled with water
and weigh, similarly the weight of different
concentration of KCl are weighed (which are
already prepared). Hence the density was
calculated from the total volume of solution and
number of moles of two constituently. The molal
volume vs mole fraction was plotted. The intercept
of straight line on volume axis gives the partial
molal volume.
Expected Graph :

A
Volume (cm3)

B C

Molality (molal)

Observations :
● Mass of empty weighing bottle , M1 = g
● Mass of weighing bottle + water , M2 = g
● Mass of water , M2 – M1 = g
●
Laboratory Temperature = o
c
●
Density of water at _ oc = g/cm3
●
Density of KCl at _ oc = g/cm3
 Tabular Column :
Percentage Concentr Mass of Mass of Density of Volume ,
weight of ation of bottle + solution solution = V=
KCl KCl solution M3 – M 1 (M3 – M1)/ 1000
(mol/kg) M3(g) (g) (volume of 1000
density
bottle) density
(cm )
3 (cm3)
1.0

2.5

5.0

7.5

10.0

Calculations :

Volume of bottle = (M2 - M1) / (density of water)

Molality = (percentageweightof KCl/molecularweight)1000

50

Result :
Partial molal volume of KCl in aqueous
System is found to be cm3molal-1