Professional Documents
Culture Documents
On 14 January 1998, respondents filed with the RTC of RATIO: FACTS: In this Motion for Reconsideration of the Decision
Marikina City a complaint for damages against Pajarillo for of this Court promulgated on July 31, 1984, which affirmed
Yes, Pajarillo is guilty of negligence in shooting Evangeline
negligently shooting Evangeline and against Safeguard the judgment of conviction upon defendants-appellants
as upheld by both the RTC and CA in separate decisions.
Security Agency Inc. for failing to observe the diligence of a Mario Navoa, Rafael Navoa, and Ricardo Sitchon and
The SC affirms these decisions since based on the evidence
good father of a family to prevent the damage committed sentenced them to suffer reclusion perpetua, and to
presented, Pajarillo failed to substantiate his claims that
by its security guard. The respondents prayed for actual, indemnify, jointly and solidarity, the heirs of the victim,
Evangeline was seen roaming outside the vicinity of the
moral and exemplary damages and attorney’s fees. Tomas Izon, in the amount of P30,000.00, the two
bank and acting suspiciously which Pajarillo mistook as a
assigned errors are that "the basic finding of the
The RTC of Marikina rendered judgment in favor of bank robbery which led him to draw his service firearm
Intermediate Appellate Court that the appellants shot and
LauroTangcoet. al. ordering Pajarillo and Safeguard and shot Evangeline.
killed the late Tomas Izon is not supported by the evidence
Security agency Inc. ,jointly and severally, to pay: on record," and "that defendant-appellant Mario Navoa's
Yes, Safeguard Security Agency Inc. should be held
death on June 14, 1984 properly manifested before the
The RTC ruled that Pajarillo did not act in self-defense; solidarily liable for the damages awarded to the
Intermediate Appellate Court on June 20, 1984, had not
giving no weight to his claim that Evangeline was seen respondents. The nature of the respondents’ cause of
been accorded proper legal consideration in the Decision."
roaming around the area prior to the incident given that action is determined in the complaint itself, its allegations
Pajarillo had not made any such reports to the head office and prayer for relief. In the complaint, the respondents
RULING: The first contention is untenable. The Appellate
and the police authorities. Pajarillo should have exercised are invoking their right to recover damages against
Court's conclusion that the testimony of Macario Saguinza,
proper prudence and necessary care in ascertaining the Safeguard for their indirect responsibility for the injury
a co-accused turned State witness, is substantially correct
matter instead of shooting her instantly. The RTC likewise caused by Pajarillo’s act of shooting and killing Evangeline
was based on a careful and judicious review of the entire
found Safeguard to be jointly and severally liable with under Article 2176. Thus, the civil action filed by
record, specifically based on Exhibits "F", "G", "H" and the
Pajarillo since there was no sufficient evidence to show respondents was not derived from the criminal liability of
testimonies during the hearing of June 9, 1977. The same
that Safeguard exercised the diligence of a good father by Pajarillo but one based on culpa aquiliana or quasi delict
is true with the Appellate Court's conclusion that the
simply showing that it required its guards to attend which is a separate and distinct from the civil liability
minor inconsistencies in the testimony of witness Baltazar
trainings and seminars which is not the supervision as arising from crime.
de la Rosa strengthened rather than weakened his
credibility.1 Even assuming that the testimony of de la Espiridion died of heart attack in as much as no final death, his civil liability subsists. 27 In such case, the heirs
Rosa is without probative value, still, the unrebutted judgment has been rendered yet. Case against espiridion of the deceased appellant are substituted as parties in the
testimony of Saguinza is more than sufficient to sustain a was dismissed with costs de oficio and entry of judgment criminal case and his estate shall answer for his civil
conviction as it established not only conspiracy, treachery, was made. SG filed an MR stating that his civil liability liability. 28
and evident premeditation, but even the very motive of subsists notwithstanding the extinguishment of the
defendants-appellants in perpetrating the crime. criminal liability. In the light of the foregoing, we reconsider the resolution
August 21, 1991 insofar as it considers as extinguished
In respect of the second contention, it appears that the ISSUE: WON civil liability is extinguished Esperidion Badeo's civil liability, in order to determine
accused, Mario Navoa, died on June 14, 1984 due to a whether or not such liability exist. 29
cerebro-vascular attack as shown by the Death Certificate RULING: We find merit in the motion for reconsideration.
attached to the Motion for Reconsideration. When counsel Article 89 of the Revised Penal Code provides that criminal PEOPLE V. BAYOTAS (1994)
for the accused manifested the fact before the Appellate liability is totally extinguished "by the death of the convict,
Court, on June 20, 1984. he was unaware that the latter as to the personal penalties; and as to pecuniary penalties, Rogelio Bayotas, accused and charged with Rape, died on
had already certified the case to this Court, which, in turn, liability therefor is extinguished only when the death of February 4, 1992 due to cardio respiratory arrest. The
promulgated its Decision on July 31, 1984 unaware of the offender occurs before final judgment." In People vs. Solicitor General then submitted a comment stating that
appellant Mario Navoa's death. The judgment of Alison, 23 the Court, upon the recommendation of the the death of the accused does not excuse him from his
conviction will thus have to be set aside as against him. then Solicitor General who was required to comment on civil liability (supported by the Supreme Court’s decision in
However, the plea for extinguishment of the deceased's the information that appellant Alison had died at the People vs Sendaydiego). On the other hand, the counsel of
civil and criminal liability is without merit. Only his criminal prison hospital, resolved that, there being no final the accused claimed that in the Supreme
liability is extinguished by his death but the civil liability judgment as yet, "the criminal and civil liability (sic) of Court’s decision in People vs Castillo, civil liability is
remains.2 Alison was extinguished by his death." extinguished if accused should die before the
final judgement is rendered.
ACCORDINGLY, 1) the prayer for the acquittal of the two The Alison resolution was the basis of the resolution
remaining accused is hereby denied; 2) the dispositive in People vs. Satorre 24 similarly dismissing the case ISSUE: Whether or not the death of the accused pending
portion of the Decision of this Court promulgated on July against the deceased appellant. In a separate opinion in appeal of his conviction extinguish his civil liability.
31, 1984, is hereby modified to read as follows: the resolution, then Associate Justice Ramon C. Aquino
stated that as to the personal penalties, criminal liability RULING: Article 89 of the Revised Penal Code provides that
PEOPLE V. BADEO (1991) therefor is extinguished only when the death of the by death of the convict personal liabilities are
offender occurs before final judgment. According to Justice extinguished, as to pecuniary penalties liability therefore is
FACTS: Witness said she was walking around 6 pm and Aquino, the term " pecuniary penalties" (las pecuniarias) in extinguished only when the death of the offender occurs
cresenciano was walking ahead of her when four men Article 89 refers to fine and costs as distinguished from before final judgment.
attacked the latter. She saw manuel badeo hack the victim " pecuniary liability" (responsabilidades pecunarias) in
with a bolo. Rogelio badeo hacked him again with a longer Article 38 which include reparation and indemnity. Thus the court made a ruling as follows:
bolo. Probable motive was because Cresenciano was
instrumental to the division of land being tenanted by one As every crime gives rise to a penal or criminal action for Death of the accused pending appeal of his conviction
of the Badeos. Badeo did not like the arrangement the punishment of the guilty party, and also to a civil extinguishes his criminal liability as well as the civil liability
because according him he could still work the entire land. action for the restitution of the thing, repair of the damage based solely thereon;
and indemnification for the losses 25 whether the
Defense alleged self-defense. Stating cresenciano pointed Corollarily, the claim for civil liability survives
particular act or omission is done intentionally or
a gun at them. Manuel plead guilty to a lower offense but notwithstanding the death of the accused, if the same may
negligently or whether or not punishable by
the offended party did not conform. Manuel and also be predicated on a source of obligation other than
law, 26 subsequent decisions of the Court held that while
Espiridion were found guilty by the lower court. Appeal. delict. Aricle 1157 of the Civil Code enumerates these
the criminal liability of an appellant is extinguished by his
other sources of obligation from which the civil liability imprudence resulting [in] multiple homicide, multiple furthermore have followed the directions which such
may arise as a result of the same act or omission: Law, physical injuries and damage to property. The Court of innkeeper or his representative may have given them with
Contracts, Quasi-contracts, Delicts…,Quasi-delicts; Appeals affirmed in toto the decision of RTC. respect to the care of and vigilance over such goods. No
liability shall attach in case of robbery with violence
Where the civil liability survives, an action for recovery ISSUES: against or intimidation of persons unless committed by the
Civil Law innkeeper’s employees.
therefore may be pursued but only by way of separate civil
(1) Whether or not Philtranco may be held jointly and
action and may be enforced either against the
severally liable with Calang. The foregoing subsidiary liability applies to employers,
executor/administrator of the estate of the accused, according to Article 103 of the Revised Penal Code, which
depending on the source of obligation aside from delicts; Criminal Law reads:
(1) Whether or not Philtranco may be held subsidiary The subsidiary liability established in the next preceding
Finally, the private offended party need not fear a liable with Calang. article shall also apply to employers, teachers, persons,
forfeiture of his right to file this separate civil action by and corporations engaged in any kind of industry for
prescription, in cases where during the prosecution of the RULINGS: (1) No. The RTC and the CA both erred in felonies committed by their servants, pupils, workmen,
criminal action and prior to its extinction, the private holding Philtranco jointly and severally liable with Calang. apprentices, or employees in the discharge of their duties.
He was charged criminally before the RTC. Undisputedly,
offended party instituted together therewith the civil
Philtranco was not a direct party in this case. Since the The provisions of the Revised Penal Code on
action. In such case, the statute of limitations on the civil
cause of action against Calang was based on delict, both subsidiary liability – Articles 102 and 103 – are deemed
liability is deemed interrupted during the pendency of the the RTC and the CA erred in holding Philtranco jointly and written into the judgments in cases to which they are
criminal case, conformably with provisions of Article 1155 severally liable with Calang, based on quasi-delict under applicable. Thus, in the dispositive portion of its decision,
of the Civil Code, that should thereby avoid any Articles 2176 and 2180 of the Civil Code. Articles 2176 and the trial court need not expressly pronounce the subsidiary
apprehension on a possible privation of right by 2180 of the Civil Code pertain to the vicarious liability of an liability of the employer. Nonetheless, before the
prescription. employer for quasi-delicts that an employee has employers’ subsidiary liability is enforced, adequate
committed. Such provision of law does not apply to civil evidence must exist establishing that (1) they are indeed
In the case at bar, the death of Bayotas extinguished his liability arising from delict. the employers of the convicted employees; (2) they are
Criminal Law engaged in some kind of industry; (3) the crime was
criminal and civil liability based solely on the act of rape.
committed by the employees in the discharge of their
Hence, his civil liability also extinguished together with his
duties; and (4) the execution against the latter has not
criminal liability upon his death. (1) Yes. Philtranco’s liability may only be subsidiary. Article been satisfied due to insolvency. The determination of
102 of the Revised Penal Code states the subsidiary civil these conditions may be done in the same criminal action
CALANG & PHILTRANCO V PEOPLE (2010) liabilities of innkeepers, tavernkeepers and proprietors of in which the employee’s liability, criminal and civil, has
establishments, as follows: been pronounced, in a hearing set for that precise
FACTS: Petitioner Calang was driving a bus owned by purpose, with due notice to the employer, as part of the
Philtranco when its rear left side hit the front left portion In default of the persons criminally liable, innkeepers, proceedings for the execution of the judgment.
of a Sarao jeep coming from the opposite direction. As a tavernkeepers, and any other persons or corporations shall
result of the collision, the jeep’s driver, lost control of the be civilly liable for crimes committed in their CANGCO V. MANILA RAILROAD CO., 38 PHIL. 768 (1918)
vehicle, and bumped and killed a bystander who was establishments, in all cases where a violation of municipal
standing along the highway’s shoulder. The jeep turned ordinances or some general or special police regulations FACTS: Canco, a clerk of the defendant, was on his way
turtle three (3) times before finally stopping at about 25 shall have been committed by them or their employees. home via train. As the train was about to stop in the
meters from the point of impact. Two of the jeep’s station where Cangco usually deboards, Cangco, alighted
passengers were instantly killed, while the other Innkeepers are also subsidiary liable for the restitution of
from the train as he and other passengers always did.
passengers sustained serious physical injuries. The goods taken by robbery or theft within their houses from
prosecution charged Calang with multiple homicide, Unfortunately, due to the fact that it was nighttime and
guests lodging therein, or for the payment of the value
multiple serious physical injuries and damage to property thereof, provided that such guests shall have notified in that the station was dimly lighted, Cangco was not able to
thru reckless imprudence before the RTC. RTC found advance the innkeeper himself, or the person representing see that there was a sack of melons on the platform. Thus,
Calang guilty beyond reasonable doubt of reckless him, of the deposit of such goods within the inn; and shall he landed on said melons and slipped. He was drawn
under the train and his arm was injured so severely that it They have a right to be treated by the carrier‘s employees LIGHT RAILWAY TRANSIT AUTHORITY V. NAVIDAD, 397
had to be amputated. Cangco sued defendant for damages with respect and kindness. Petitioner‘s contract is SCRA 75 (2003)
due to negligence of servants & employees in placing the attended by a public duty and a violation of which is
sack of melons which obstructed the passenger‘s egress. considered a quasi delict wherein damages may be FACTS: Nicanor Navidad, while drunk, purchased a token
awarded. to enter the EDSA LRT station. Whilst standing by the
HELD: Manila Railroad is liable under the old civil code. It is platform, security guard (Escartin) approached Navidad
implied from the contract of carriage of the defendant the SINGSON V. BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 23 SCRA and a fist fight occurred wherein Navidad fell into the LRT
duty to carry him safely and provide him with a safe means 1117 (1968) tracks. At this time, a train operated by Roman passed by
to come in and out o the train. Being contractual, that duty and struck Navidad. The latter‘s wife filed a complaint for
was direct and immediate. Its nonperformance cannot be FACTS: damages against Escartin, Roman, Prudent Security
excused due to the fault of defandant‘s employees. Also, Agency, and LRTA. Roman & LRTA presented evidence
no contributory negligence can be attributed to Cangco Singson was one of the defendants in a separate civil case while Prudent & Escartin filed a demurrer contending that
because, as a public carrier, he had the right to assume along with a certain Lobregat and Villa-Abrille & Co. They Navidad did not prove Escartin‘s negligence. Trial court
that the platform was clear. Cangco was also very familiar were made liable to pay the sum of P105k. Singson and held Prudent & Escartin liable. On appeal, CA held LRTA
with the place. As such, there can be no uncertainty in his Lobregat appealed. However, Villa-Abrille & Co. did not and Roman liable and exonerated Prudent and Escartin. CA
mind that what he was about to do was indeed unsafe. and, as such, the decision became final with regard to it. held that a contract of carriage existed upon Navidad‘s
Thereafter, a writ of garnishment was issued and was sent purchase of the token and thus must be complied with. CA
AIR FRANCE V. CARRASCOSO, 18 SCRA 155 (1966) to BPI to which said Co. had an account. Upon receipt, also held that Navidad failed to show that Escartin inflicted
without reading the body of the writ saying it was only fist blows upon the victim but merely presented fact of his
FACTS: Respondent bought First Class tickets from intended for the accounts of other defandants, the clerk death as having hit by the LRT.
petitioner‘s agent (PAL) for a trip from Manila to Lourdes. prepared a letter regarding the freezing of Singson‘s
Upon confirmation of said tickets, he flew first class to the account for signature of the BPI President. Upon his HELD: Only LRTA is liable. The duty of common carriers to
first 2 legs of the trip (HK, BKK). However, in Bangkok, after signature, Singson‘s account was frozen. Meanwhile, provide safety to its passengers obligates it not only during
being seated, the manager of the petitioner asked him to Singson issued checks to corporations to whom he had the trip but for so long as they are in the premises. A
transfer to the Tourist Class in lieu of another passenger business with but due to the freezing, the checks were common carrier is liable for death/injury to passengers (a)
(―white man‖). Reluctantly, he did. Respondent sued dishonored to the detriment of Singson. Singson wrote the through the negligence or willful acts of its employees; or
petitioner for damages on the ground of wrongful back explaining the contents of the writ. Upon realizing its (b) on account of willful acts or negligence of other
expulsion to which the Trial Court & the CA granted and mistake, BPI through its President immediately corrected passengers or of strangers if the common carrier‘s
awarded him moral (25k), exemplary (10k), and attorney‘s it. Despite this, Singson sued for damages on the ground of employees through the exercise of due diligence could
fees (10k). Petitioner appealed contending that its contract illegal freezing of the said account. Unfortunately, CFI have prevented or stopped the act or omission. In such
with the passenger was subject for confirmation. Manila denied the complaint saying that Singson cannot cases, a carrier is presumed to have been at fault or
maintain an action for quasi delict because of the negligent. By simple proof of injury, the passenger is
HELD: Air France is liable. The facts and circumstances of contractual nature of the relationship between the parties. relieved of the duty to establish the fault or negligence of
the cases make it reasonable for respondent to be the carrier or its employees. The burden shifts upon the
awarded said damages. Neither the captain nor any HELD: The existence of a contractual relationship between carrier to prove that the injury is due to an unforeseen
employee of the petitioner intervened. There was also no parties is not a bar for a commission of a tort by one event or force majeure. LRTA was presumed negligent.
evidence presented that the white man had a prior against another. Even more so, it does not bar the Also, Roman is not part of the contractual tie between
right/reservation. Respondent is entitled to said First Class consequent recovery for damages of the party injured. LRTA (carrier) and Navidad (passenger). Roman can only be
seat. The manager‘s arbitrary act made respondent suffer However, since BPI corrected their mistake immediately, made liable for his own fault or negligence.
humiliation. Said manager acted in a manner contrary to nominal damages of P1,000 (need not be proven) + P500
morals, good customs, public policy (Art. 21 CC). attorney‘s fees would suffice. AMERICAN EXPRESS INTERNATIONAL, INC., V. CORDERO,
Passengers do not contract merely for transportation. G.R. NO. 138550, OCTOBER 14, 2005
FACTS: AMEX is a foreign corporation that issues charge Respondent filed with the RTC a complaint for damages There was testimony to that effect which showed that
cards to its customers which the latter uses to purchase against AMEX. The RTC ruled in favor of Cordero. when Watson Company called AMEX for authorization,
goods and services at accredited merchants worldwide. Petitioner appealed. AMEX representative requested that he talk to Mr.
Nila Cordero, wife of respondent was one such holder. An Cordero but he refused to talk to any representative of
extension card was also issued to her husband, Noel ISSUE: Whether or not AMEX is liable to Cordero for the AMEX. AMEX could not prove then that he is really the real
Cordero. Sometime after, respondent together with his humiliation suffered by the latter. card holder.
wife and relatives went on a holiday trip to HK. During the
trip, they went to Watsons Chemist Shop. Noel bought HELD: NO. Respondent anchors his cause of action on Additionally, according to the terms of the Cardmember
some goods and handed to the sales clerk his AMEX Article 2176. In order that an obligation based on quasi- Agreement, AMEX can revoke respondent‘s card without
extension card. The sales clerk verified the card by making delict may arise, there must be no pre-existing contractual notice. Again the subject card would not have been
a telephone call to the AMEX Office in Hong Kong. Its relation between the parties. But there are exceptions. confiscated and cut had respondent talked to AMEX‘s
representative said he wants to talk to respondent in order There may be an action for quasi-delict notwithstanding representative and identified himself as the genuine
to verify the latter‘s identity, pursuant to the procedure that there is a subsisting contract between the parties. A cardholder. Clearly, there was no negligence on the part of
observed under the ―Inspect Airwarn Support System‖ liability for tort may arise even under a contract, where the AMEX.
(IASS). However, respondent refused. tort is that which breaches the contract. Stated differently,
when an act which constitutes a breach of contract would SO PING BUN V CA (1999)
Due to respondents‘ refusal, Susan Chong, the store have itself constituted the source of a quasi-delictual
manager, emerged from behind the counter and informed liability, the contract can be said to have been breached by FACTS: Tek Hua Trading Co. entered into lease agreement
respondent that she had to confiscate the card. tort, thereby allowing the rules on tort to apply. with the lessor Dee C. Chuan and Sons Inc. (DCCSI). When
Thereupon, she cut respondent‘s AMEX card in half with a Tek Hua Trading Co. was later dissolved and the original
pair of scissors. This, according to respondent, caused him Furthermore, to constitute quasi-delict, the fault or members built Tek Hua Trading Corp. The grandson of the
embarrassment and humiliation considering that it was negligence must be the proximate cause of the damage or partners named So Ping Bun, after the death of his
done in front of his family and the other customers lined injury suffered by the plaintiff. Proximate cause is that grandfather, continued occupying the warehouse for his
up at the check-out counter. Hence, Nilda had to pay for cause which, in natural and continuous sequence, own textile business.
the purchases using her own AMEX card. unbroken by any efficient intervening cause, produces the
injury and without which the result would not have In a letter to petitioner, the owner of Tek Hua Trading
Nilda called up AMEX‘s office in Hong Kong where it was occurred. Proximate cause is determined by the facts of Corp. informed the petitioner to vacate the warehouse.
learned through the Senior Authorized that a person in HK each case upon mixed considerations of logic, common Petitioner refused and requested formal contracts of lease
attempted to use a charge card with the same number as sense, policy and precedent. with DCCSI to which it acceded and a new lease of contract
respondent‘s card. The HK AMEX Office called up in favor of Trendsetter was executed.
respondent and after determining that he was in Manila As explained by respondent himself, he could have used
and not in HK, placed his card under the IASS (a system his card upon verification by the sales clerk of Watson that Tek Hua Enterprises Corp. then petitioned the court for
used by AMEX to protect both the company and its indeed he is the authorized cardholder. This could have injuction, nullification of the lease contract between DCCSI
cardholders from fraudulent use of their charge cards; been accomplished had respondent talked to AMEX‘s and So Ping Bun and damages, to which the Regional Trial
once a card suspected of unauthorized use is placed in the representative, enabling the latter to determine that Court of Manila Branch 35 granted and was affirmed by
system, the person to whom the card is tendered must respondent is indeed the true holder of the card. Clearly, the Court of Appeals.
verify the identity of the holder. If the true identity of the no negligence which breaches the contract can be
attributed to AMEX. If at all, the cause of respondent‘s Hence, this petition for certiorari.
card owner is established, the card is honored and the
charges are approved; otherwise the card is revoked or humiliation and embarrassment was his refusal to talk to
AMEX‘s representative. ISSUE: W/N the injunction should be upheld and
confiscated.).
HELD: AFFIRMED, with MODIFICATION that the award of CONSOLIDATED BANK AND TRUST CO V CA (2003) the signatures are not forged. Also, they applied the rule
attorney's fees is reduced from two hundred thousand that the holder of the passport is presumed to be the
(P200,000.00) to one hundred thousand (P100,000.00) FACT: owner. It was also held that Solidbank did not have
pesos C Diaz [professional partnership engaged in accounting] any participation in the custody and care of the
opened a savings account with Solidbank. LC Diaz's cashier, passbook and as such, their act of allowing the withdrawal
Damage is the loss, hurt, or harm which results from Macaraya, filled up two savings deposit slips, and she gave was not the proximate cause of the loss. The proximate
injury, and damages are the recompense or compensation them + passbook to messenger Calapre and instructed him cause was LC Diaz’ negligence. As regards the contention
awarded for the damage suffered. One becomes liable in to deposit the money with Solidbank. Calapre presented that LC Diaz and Solidbank had precautionary procedures
an action for damages for a nontrespassory invasion of the deposit slips and passbook to the teller. He left the (like a secret handshake of sorts) whenever the former
another's interest in the private use and enjoyment of passbook with Solidbank first as he had to make another withdrew a large sum, RTC pointed out that LC Diaz
asset if deposit at Allied Bank, but when he returned, he was disregarded this in the past withdrawal.
informed that somebody got the passbook. Calapre
(a) the other has property rights and privileges with reported this to Macaraya. Macaraya + Calapre went back CA, on the other hand, said that the proximate cause of
respect to the use or enjoyment interfered with, (b) the to Solidbank with a deposit slip [P200k check]. When the unauthorized withdrawal is Solidbank's negligence,
invasion is substantial, (c) the defendant's conduct is a Macaraya asked about the passbook, the teller said that applying NCC 2176. CA said the 3 elements of QD are
legal cause of the invasion, and (d) the invasion is either someone shorter than Calapre got it. Macaraya reported present [damages; fault or negligence; connection of cause
intentional and unreasonable or unintentional and this matter. and effect]. The teller could have called up LC Diaz since
actionable under general negligence rules the amount being drawn was significant. Proximate cause
The following day, CEO Diaz called Solidbank to stop any is teller's failure to call LC Diaz. CA ruled that while LC Diaz
elements of tort interference are: transaction using the passbook until the company could was negligent in entrusting its deposits to its messenger
open a new account. It was found out that learned that and its messenger in leaving the passbook with the teller,
(1) existence of a valid contract; (2) knowledge on the part P300k was withdrawn from the account the previous day. Solidbank could not escape liability because of the
of the third person of the existence of contract; and (3) The withdrawal slip bore the signatures of two authorized doctrine of “last clear chance.” Solidbank could have
interference of the third person is without legal signatories of LC Diaz but they denied signing it. Noel averted the injury had it called up LC Diaz to verify the
justification or excuse Tamayo received this sum of money. withdrawal.
Son Ping Bun asked DCCSI to execute lease contracts in its An information for Estafa through Falsification of ISSUE:
favor, and as a result deprived DCCSI's property right. Commercial Document was filed against one of WON petitioner Solidbank is liable.
Situation pertains to a 3rd person who induces a party to their messengers (Ilagan) and one Roscoe Verdazola (first
violate his undertaking in a contract. time they appeared in the case discussion), but the RTC RULING:
dismissed the criminal case. LC Diaz demanded the return Yes. Solidbank is liable for breach of contract due to
damage is NOT an essential element of tort interference of their money from Solidbank, but the latter refused and negligence, or culpa contractual.
a complaint for recovery of a sum of money was filed
lower courts did not award damages, but this was only Solidbank’s Breach of its Contractual Obligation
against them. However, Solidbank was absolved.
because the extent of damages was not quantifiable Article 1172 of the Civil Code provides that “responsibility
RTC applied rules on savings account written on arising from negligence in the performance of every kind
Lack of malice precludes damages. But it does not relieve
the passbook ["Possession of this book shall raise the of obligation is demandable.” For breach of the savings
petitioner of the legal liability for entering into contracts
presumption of ownership and any payment or payments deposit agreement due to negligence, or culpa contractual,
and causing breach of existing ones.
made by the bank upon the production of the said book the bank is liable to its depositor.
and entry therein of the withdrawal shall have the same
The injunction saved the respondents from further
effect as if made to the depositor personally."] RTC said In culpa contractual, once the plaintiff proves a breach of
damage or injury caused by petitioner's interference.
that the burden of proof shifted to LC Diaz to prove that contract, there is a presumption that the defendant was at
fault or negligent. The burden is on the defendant to prove CRISOSTOMO V CA (2003) ISSUE:
that he was not at fault or negligent. In contrast, in culpa
aquiliana the plaintiff has the burden of proving that the FACTS: Whether or not Caravan Travel & Tours International Inc. is
defendant was negligent. In the present case, L.C. Diaz has negligent in the fulfilment of its obligation to petitioner
established that Solidbank breached its contractual Petitioner contracted the services of respondent Caravan Crisostomo thus granting to the petitioner the
obligation to return the passbook only to the authorized Travel and Tours International, Inc. to arrange and consequential damages due her as a result of breach of
representative of L.C. Diaz. There is thus a presumption facilitate her booking, ticketing and accommodation in a contract of carriage.
that Solidbank was at fault and its teller was negligent in tour dubbed Jewels of Europe. Pursuant to said contract,
not returning the passbook to Calapre. The burden was on the travel documents and plane tickets were delivered to RULING:
Solidbank to prove that there was no negligence on its part the petitioner who in turn gave the full payment for the
or its employees. But Solidbank failed to discharge its package tour on June 12, 1991. Without checking her Contention of petitioner has no merit. A contract of
burden. Solidbank did not present to the trial court Teller travel documents, petitioner went to NAIA on Saturday, carriage or transportation is one whereby a certain person
No. 6, the teller with whom Calapre left the passbook and June 15, 1991, to take the flight for the first leg of her or association of persons obligate themselves to transport
who was supposed to return the passbook to him. journey from Manila to Hongkong. To petitioner’s dismay, persons, things, or news from one place to another for a
Solidbank also failed to adduce in evidence its standard she discovered that the flight she was supposed to take fixed price. Such person or association of persons are
procedure in verifying the identity of the person retrieving had already departed the previous day. She learned that regarded as carriers and are classified as private or special
the passbook, if there is such a procedure, and that Teller her plane ticket was for the flight scheduled on June 14, carriers and common or public carriers. Respondent is not
No. 6 implemented this procedure in the present case. 1991. She thus called up Menor to complain. an entity engaged in the business of transporting either
Subsequently, Menor prevailed upon petitioner to take passengers or goods and is therefore, neither a private nor
Solidbank is bound by the negligence of its employees another tour- the British Pageant. Upon petitioner’s return a common carrier. Respondent did not undertake to
under the principle of respondeat superior or command from Europe, she demanded from respondent the transport petitioner from one place to another since its
responsibility. The defense of exercising the required reimbursement of the difference between the sum she covenant with its customers is simply to make travel
diligence in the selection and supervision of employees is paid for Jewels of Europe and the amount she owed arrangements in their behalf. Respondent’s services as a
not a complete defense in culpa contractual, unlike in respondent for the British Pageant tour. travel agency include procuring tickets and facilitating
culpa aquiliana. The bank must not only exercise “high travel permits or visas as well as booking customers for
standards of integrity and performance,” it must also Petitioner filed a complaint against respondent for breach tours.
insure that its employees do likewise because this is the of contract of carriage and damages alleging that her
only way to insure that the bank will comply with its failure to join Jewels of Europe was due to respondent’s The object of petitioner’s contractual relation with
fiduciary duty fault since it did not clearly indicate the departure date on respondent is the service of arranging and facilitating
the plane, failing to observe the standard of care required petitioners booking, ticketing and accommodation in the
Proximate Cause of the Unauthorized Withdrawal of a common carrier when it informed her wrongly of the package tour. In contrast, the object of a contract of
Proximate cause is that cause which, in natural and flight schedule. For its part, respondent company, denied carriage is the transportation of passengers or goods. It is
continuous sequence, unbroken by any efficient responsibility for petitioner’s failure to join the first tour, in this sense that the contract between the parties in this
intervening cause, produces the injury and without which insisting that petitioner was informed of the correct case was an ordinary one for services and not one of
the result would not have occurred. Proximate cause is departure date, which was clearly and legibly printed on carriage. Since the contract between the parties is an
determined by the facts of each case upon mixed the plane ticket. The travel documents were given to ordinary one for services, the standard of care required of
considerations of logic, common sense, policy and petitioner two days ahead of the scheduled trip. respondent is that of a good father of a family under
precedent. Respondent further contend that petitioner had only Article 1173 of the Civil Code. The evidence on record
herself to blame for missing the flight, as she did not shows that respondent exercised due diligence in
WHEREFORE, the decision of the Court of Appeals is bother to read or confirm her flight schedule as printed on performing its obligations under the contract and followed
AFFIRMED with MODIFICATION. the ticket. standard procedure in rendering its services to petitioner.
As correctly observed by the lower court, the plane ticket
issued to petitioner clearly reflected the departure date
and time, contrary to petitioner’s contention. The travel
documents, consisting of the tour itinerary, vouchers and
instructions, were likewise delivered to petitioner two
days prior to the trip. Respondent also properly booked
petitioner for the tour, prepared the necessary documents
and procured the plane tickets. It arranged petitioner’s
hotel accommodation as well as food, land transfers and
sightseeing excursions, in accordance with its avowed
undertaking. The evidence on record shows that
respondent company performed its duty diligently and did
not commit any contractual breach. Hence, petitioner
cannot recover and must bear her own damage.