CHEMICAL BonlDING Chemical bend!- An atbaction fore uthih holds he odems together ary a Molecule Ex!- Madt, H2S0y H,0, $0, ,Soz Tyres of chemical bend !- Bond .. pal a i ay Streng bend [B67 Guokt Weak bend ve ( Pol ) BES a ] Pel Between atoms ot Sanne Molecule Lotweem 90 Bows Ext sboth een Sy diffent Molecule Tonic valent Co-evdingte Metallic J bend bend bend bend — H- bend — Vandestiaol ce ae© Tenic Bond oy elechovalent bend 7- vs Henic bed e The chemical bend fymation which 1 formed BS shomsfen ofr Valance elechon fewer befoeen two © otems Ww called Temic bend ¢ © ¢ ayy cx» Nock e ©- ©. © _ Elechosttit No = Aa? tiem ¢ Liem amnct eh d.+e7—> a ¢ @ } ¢ Na ~p ak e e ¢ ¢ Conditions | - oO Electonagi ivity!- Tenie bend Js always Jerre behwcen +00 different otems amde higher us the diffeyemte im EN ofr bended ater Cagich Js the formation sb lene bend . s ® ene clement sheuld be Metethe [metels howe 12,3 Cum thes Valance shell amd they denates on oO e> eeusily Fovmivg cotlen 9. Ala, My f Al hae € 12,3 Nakamee em ound Ferny Alot, mgt alts], © omd other element sleutd be Non-Metallic. Z Metals —> clechopositive © Alen-Mekl— elechoalegative é 2). kota ER loticties TEL costly willbe Mave cl Semert e— Loy Madi ce The Mektlic element steoutd hove lew IE. * Cobos lewest T-£: and form Ct fen mest Readilywg ee Q a +e € u® — [emery meas t peaks greats + foro hrien EA: oO NenMetaltic element sleutd be high. [<1 has hihest EA: amd Jovem a en Most readily. E! > Nak — Anat, &© Na® ow (28,0 ) (2,8, TH} ) eho > kel > Gach, — Cot® + 200 a Ee (2,8,2() (2,87) anu a. 132 2,8,8G) 28,7, re Rac 37 Or i ay ea) Properties of Tenic Corn pound !- © rhysicol stote!- Tene comp. ave Crystalline Solids Na ——.u2 st atta” Foyce b)w very clese to cach othe, Mure clesly packed s° stte will be Cryskline @k They cre@ Hond amd Byitle!- Dve +o ee clechostehes ™ Fevee between ons . ® Melting Point, Boiling point density !- Tm Crystuls the lens ane held together by Shomg elechostatic Jevee of attraction. Weaken & these Fevees a Lot bh emergy is pleeded , thet & Is why lenic Comp have Helatively high PPB These sheng Force are also Hespensible ~ Jer high & demsity and ew Volatility ¢ Onn” 5 ¢ ® Electical Conductivity !- ‘ 2 Tenie Comp are bad Comducty of electictty 9 6 Solid _stete because $4 has No fee lore + Mert e@ They Not Gonduct eleFPieity. < 3 byt Hey are Ged tenduchr op clechicily um S Liagvidfor aqueous SI” because lens ote Free to < Meve. (Molten Nacl) : Agous > fused > oo 2 cae-) YJ) (s) ¢ Ce. , u d) > KU (colid - Be heen (ony, et (fused) (solid) ’ é Tenic bends ase Nen-vigid and ,len-divecker d. : fae = An a Ni : ie eS HD & Kp eer enin icone ae Cam Not Cone clese * (py OOK 2) Not havea geomeby Sia a © w@ E (>5id) z (2 es and Cannet ¢lerco s eke | Tserneniptsin wee@ (OQ Tsomenism!- Tent Compounds Alot ste tsomesdm because Tenic bond 4 Alon divechonal @Olathice Erengy (LE) > Latticer- Labtice is clesly packed styckne do eh! each lens Ws Surrounded: by opposifly chosged lows > latlee Is a very strong Shuckae, (traction Force Mere)” ch Lattice 3 “The amsumt vf energy Released When ont Mole oO am fenic lattee Us Ferm Prom Hs _gasesus Canstituemt lens. Is cotted -+tattice Frengy! @ nv + oy at =" The lattice emenyy com olbo be de find as the enengy wnequived +0 seprate ene Mole ory sdel Sh am lenic Gempeumd into gasesus es. MXcs) HEE mtg) + xq) > Higher is the lotice Erengy Mere sdeble will be the @ lenic Compound ie ae LEX Std of fenic Comp | High lattice eronigy!- The Value of LiE depends en Hy chusye ee oil ah 5 oie cee betvdeem Hem. It Shatt he hk Foch , amd lente radius ost ee 1f chesgye are highfactors Affecting Latte Energy! Aad ae ¢ 4 ie CoD . oe = a lecho stubic fevee ¢ Fata 455'Us. = chosge om OR be SS a? ea AYus equal to sum Sf lemic adit Hp +00 fene © ForkQite, ond K Is dielechic tent mare & Medium, e . 1 - e ) Gveqlen Gs the othachen Force Mure will be the € te Basicatty CE depends vpew two fuckyst- © chonge en ions 9 LuE K Chasye €” fens last | ® Size on iens> Sryaltes, ‘ens Cam be packed Mere closly o% Cornpaly to ledger iews iG) wre) ey Ceo Cres pati) (les close Pakivg leo Le) D Tenic Compounds howrng Svnallen Size longs will howe Greedes lathee energy, Dee bx | EX L Ga), nnn nonnnnnnanonnannannnnn@® & lick Nak Ke REA jisees | j: TT Size > LIPS Nat Rba] ‘ (Fackivg tail! be highest) 8. ma 2. + + = ™g9o > Nak < Lid iat Be i [yer Tear] Croton oat) a8 oy eee oh ( bgt? cuit! (SS), ore” (eave OY B Alak < Mgcl, < nicl, Creahe REECE EON : oS oy v c 6. Ur idk zLIBY >LiL v Naf >Nau > NaBby > NaT jae) - eh > Ka >kBY PET _ Ud zAqd > Kel REV? Cok / Nak H,0, CH,0H, Coco , CH3CocH, eth K > Bt 35 24 2\ 4 Alen poles > coln! eel ae ee /CHels Bpsint higheh Is. She dielechic Const highed Is its es selvivg capacity . Due to high Value of K HAL Clechostrle deve ef athe? bls He ens decreases amd these lens get Seproted omd u)HMatly selvated by Hy Molecules of Ht selvent. Hy dnaten Gietgy *- When the W's dieselved aintam fydaon egy hem se comp ds ala & nnnnnnnnnnnn 4 H ALN +8 He Comp: 8S 3 x 4 Som ' se a mi F bere ‘= 3H = nto | Fs (nit) oS a as) ee cee neon es Nee H——_Fesuived qm oN NY Proce, lattice FOg kK 4 : AR+LE —> AFRR Try which lon us being surveumded by wateh(seluenty us Called Hy dsotten, s Moeleautes this proce@ > Attvachen fre Working bepween fruse tO, amd hemes they ast ativachion forces us. So THA System Seme energy 'S Released and This eww4y dy catted Hydnahen energy. (sclvadton energy) 2 Greakdis the Hydration Erengy ,Muve will be 4 Scubility ep Tenic compound Grecder is Hy HE > Mure willbe He > Moe will be breakirg Jettice the Selubility Solubility oy 0 Hydrate Tenic Comp Energy Factoys a4 dfecting H-E ‘> Hybahen Frengy oh 1 & cheoge ericna ne - Size en len Mins i. rt eet Rb” = - + Sizes Lit Aet >Re epee re. oe Sey ra ore Susgeund casily el Pekar SHE ISMEre pew Gen @i te lew) Ten | HE Ten HE (KI mor!) | + = — = ale |=! i ey ut S2| a a Agt | Yo a " Br aas k+ | 22 3 rT 243 M97} 1920 3 doy 2386 Size Ob hydnated_1™ lms de, nlaicn BIRT ellie woxtes Molecules surncund aT O% gol” HLI* rs te % > &* (ag) > RET (Or: Hydreted > » [RC (aq) > Ala* (az) ten Giis ove SEIT due ct eoye size) = mobility => se (aq) < Nat (ag) < k* (a9) < jeb | Electicel = [UF tage lat (49) 2Kt ais < ee (ar)| Corrductivity —————— Pa see [Mebility < Flechical Conductivity | (Meve Tendency ) i ee@ COVALENT BoND !- } A chemical bend Formed by Shostivg & Clechons between +00 ates I's called Covalent bend. ARB t Gvqlent bend Covditions.= The Clechonagativity difference between too bending atems elthey, sheukd be Teno Gr Very Small. U—h , H2 02 ,N2—> EN: difference Zeno nee Hoek, CHy ,cely, AIHZ—> less EN difference (Covalent ) ae < 2) > Gvalemt bend aes DEN? 21 — > Tenic bend Nin NEW Aen Mel Alon Metet BOs Cur) La aaa Cequal oumneus ) ¥ Type_ 2% Counlemt bend '- ae sy Hit Polos Cougkut (presence Sy fee berod .) Bernd. (Re tou ) Ha Fe, B%2 , Te iol ec C1) Gy) (2EA=0)peer ct) 4 6 &) cura a) @en) ia formaHen ob _Ha'- Vv xx KK M209 Ht + x08 =" > p< oO H) oy Hs - x a) (2,6) © =e © Hp reits in) Er AP xen Mem gt ow) a) Als % ao xNR reheat 3) oy NEN x (SV (ys) (2,8) "The shared por of clectenes present behoce ad adems are Called bend pairs! “ The Volamey elechenes cshichasu Alot Involved um shoring ay im the Formotion 66 Covolemt bends one tenmed lene _poix ~ oy Al6v) bended elechows.” ee NORD NHHAOAHDANRANAARRDAARAOAe”D oe) a 4 “p) Heels 0 ma, poate ena (BP) no monmnanan nan(3) Propenties ef Covalent Cempsumds !- ad) Physical Stete!- These type Gf Compeumd cam Cxist dy att Solid , Liquid , Gaseaus Stodt- Solid > Graphae , Diammnend , Sili¢a Csio,) Lie Bry ,cely, CHely , Bemzeme Lek > He) le ,2 Ale ,So, , Co + Groplite , Diomend lasge Netwuwrk oF Qvalents Sh Coben tems cemnecte bends , Momy Alo by covalent bends, So they exists cs Un Selid stote (i) Melting amd boiling polnts t- They howe levo MP. amd BP [BPX Molecular Mess | @wFt) (iit) _selobility 19 Covalent Compounds ane Jnseluble (less, soluble) in Wodtty « } but they ane Mere Solube iy Alevy~ Polar Solvemt- Ga cel Ht Serne S Ht C-c: liKe aleehe! ,curatnl esdi'ssolo aa ane eet MRR (WY) Electical Conductivity !- Tern Covalent Comp. do Not howe free electors. $0 They are bad Conducter of Clectiity Excephers!- Opraphite — Quod Covducter & Elecerae due +o ifs layered sbucturc Uich Couey hexagemat orings raeW) Isomenisn t- Covalent bend ~& rigid amd Ba divectienol in Nadue omd thet 157 (vi) Meleculon Peacten= Covalent Comp. She molecules) Reachiows This Rea” ase Fate tusul why Covalent Corop: hore a definrte jeoreby. @ amd cam shew ISoMerism é i hat clk « as ‘a Cigid) ° 4 4 gt sel fC Jo ° A (trey shucks) =o ne ¢ e x Lev. bloz Ci) breaking bb Coveted bend 6b HY Feactunt ) esteblishing 6 Aled bends. ¢ ¢ Ah, +)3H>, 9 — > SAlHg e NEN HAH ; ¢ e Shength ef a Gralent_ bend i Shemgth ef 0 Cevalemt bend depends em Bend Ereng7® . Bend ergy! Fregy Fequired to break Covalent ¢ bend ts Knew o% B-E é [shevgth | a.6% o Shremath %& Bend orden & DEN] 6 a Bond lewgth : a Ale-o bend Jormed b]? +00 atews - @-c , O=0, BNEN Bor A a 3 ¢ © s . ° s sCemponisen Between Tenic And Covalent bend !- LTente Bend 4) Formed by the tomsfer of em e-C-ve) (Nem Medel) atewns 2) Censists of electostect force belweem atoms. - 3) Sucha bend I's possible between dissimilas ecems 4) Nol Rigid + Alen—divecHenal does Alot Couse isoMenism, S) It Is psloy dy Algdne 6 zt Is Q weak bend, Sinve the Elec-furce blo the lens Gon be broker eosily ® Crystalline Selids od Poom “Tey Pp 8) Hizh Melivg Boilivg foint 9) Soluble Lm polod solvent to) Hos ¢ boittle W) Undengo ienic Pea” veny fast (2) Tm slid StH bed Conducr of Covalent bend Formed by shasimg of e bebweem oven From eve (metet)to +ese Nlen- Metal Ss when We €& ane equally Conbibuted by both He acdems Censists of shaned pais ov paivs She which ose athacted by boty the Aluclel. Such a bend Us possible b/.2 Similan f dissimiles adews Rigid and divectional , couse SPuces amd Shuctubel igomedis 3+ IS Nen-poles iF the EAI difference Is Zeno Uy Small 3+ is streng bend , Since the Paihed elechens cam plot be Seprated ecsily « Gases, Ug. or soft Solids Under ordinary Conditions Lew Meltvy £ B.P. With the cxeeplens of gomt Molecules Soluble Im Aen - poled Solvent ae rer soft + Saxy with 4he exceptic eb giant Molecule. Undsogo Molecules, Fea Very Slew Bad Conducky of clectictty .La « . ¢ (2. Thy Solid state bad Contucky — Bad Conductors ‘Of Clecticity 9 Of clectricity «hued Conducts sith feu exceptions bowing Un Molter state £ dm sel loyen lattice Shuctudeé “»668 © Hh ONnNnHOnH HO HN9NO0HN9AHAMW8WNW P9879 2 9 PCo- ORDINATE Bono/ DATIVE 30ND +- ott The bend formed blw two cctems when the shared Fain of elechones Is being provided by ene of the bending atems . e AC 8 av 8 A——8 yich - a; le Gccepey —— (Co-evddinate bend) {PPP Actep eaten a8] athis bend is Pepyesemted by an ornew (>), D The atem which Conbibutes e- pois 1S Called the dener while Hy adem which accepts if Is Called acceptor [alote:-] A Co-ordinate bend after Jermation 4s IndisHinguishable from a “Covalevt bend. Ext- CombinlaHon of NH, # Fs . i [ i, wom > e—h > oe H I H "ah Denuy acceptor (Co-wdingtion Comp.) Fovmghen ofp Hy 02 '- Peo a isos al ging a | a = H Accept 4 DeneAF Hew will be decide Gmival atom’ 4 valante Rule- 4. Hydrogen cam Neve act as Combet otem. S+ Ws always act os SSH Gumding town Pule-2 Cemtral atom is tht edom which Ist— ¢ UW) Less dn Aombesd « (2) less oe e e Gu a) ce) , Pels | Sopa ae lene) mere ‘ Aten ee (en: Ex) &obal xe Fy ‘ xeok @ Valamce e~ Im the Combat otem !- 2 Groups 2th yt ust ict iat i* © GELS Hmph Harn Mtoe sve? SPF — Qn g a N ° ft aie é : ¢ 4 S S a Axw zh A\ ' 2 é 4st yp e | ah Ga Ge As Se gr ke é s ss'set Sy ow en Sy sb Te T AS ¢ hh ab Bi at Rng ¢ Pb i af Valencesy Be oe) oo a @ nLewis Octet Rulet- (Lewis ¢ Kosset]} > Fach Elements ties to acquive Belectones im its Valamite shell 3 Od To do So they com Shohe, den Ed thurs Jorn, chemical ben 2 Hydrogen atom has Tendency +0 Complete do duplet Hts! —> 18" (He) Ho kas > GLSG2) S ete err accept ers ds \e x ‘ & ee. ee Ct Alau ! le Be7= octet ule +a + follow ah = i be (2,8,1) (28,4) Be- t ha Totale- odd J Folie> Accerdivy to Lewis those Comp: uy whieh ’ the octet of Compal atom was Gomplete Hay & Wene Stable they sheutd exist « BAnd Hose eemp: do Alot hore Comple octet o & Cembol atom Thy sheuld Alot exist - e but These ane ESlable Molecules Kneum'iim hich 4 octet Sule Us Violated . Exceptions of octet Rule t- (less) O Electon Defficiemt “Molecules (HyPoValemt)'- 87 @ B =m these Elemnemts Cembal otem have less ene Be. KK! BF, Aicle ,Becla , Belg, Bets . ene onon”*n* — Be—xFs ¢ Alcl, > ux+ALe—xh @ a 2 (O * (4G si a q ; ¢ Lewis Acid > Compeunds uhich con accept am elechse Petr ate Called Lewis Acid ¢ BFe, Alclz , Becls , Feclg ¢e S @© Molecules eaith Lxpended octet [by pervalent (mere) ] ¢ & Elechen Rich Molecules! - : These Comp: hove Meve than 8 elechors r the ‘ Valence shell & cenbol atom. é nels sf Tz Xe, xe Fy Xefe «¢ lem SP {Her loe~ (2e7 lyen ¢ ce see eo et Rootes Pa — ‘ (Coe : th \ a i we) he (co) (we) ( uF :@ odd clectron Melecute !- > There ane odd no: ob Clechors un H4 Valence shell 4 Central atom => No Nog ch 02 54+6=le- athe F412 ee (1969 > These Molecules axe Pee Megnehc um Alatune - ® Catiens_ with 1gems in thes Valamce shelie Cohews > Iment Jas Configvosion — Be~ Un Valance Shu (Alat , gt? pit?) fe (leeone 5 Psevdo Imert Gar Conf Bem v9 thes Valounce shell fe. Cut, tnt? ae, cd*® Ay* (Comege Metals ) Aut cu is? 25% 2pS 3s? apo agi? yct Ci Cat 3 e-2s zr 3s sPesd'° eRe) zn CAr}® 3d! ys? mio Car} gale = te tlo= 18): a G-crdimode Ceviamt Bend ! - c TH the G-rd/nate bend (AB) Vis Replace by d [at— a7) Gvlant bend than donating ote houmgs +Vve chorge amd Gecepting atem hove q ve omd this Bend is called Co-crdintede Corrlam} bend. pee 5) 252) So ice) Oe es os : °8 if ry Vn Bois st} @ Ho — S—— oH i n~mrannnnnnnnnnnnnnAnnARAHRAARAA ANA iValamce Bond Thesry [veT] :- => This Thesry wos presented by Heitlesr £ Londen ny (1924), 40 explaim hewa Cevlamt bend Js fovimed This Theery was extended by Pauling # slates (193)" 2D The Main point of +the Dhury one '- 1) A Covlamt bend Is jevmned by Berlepping St otemic orbitals or A bending ates 2 Im wden +o show oveilepping the bending odew Must Came close emeugh +o each othey such Hye thei crbidals Cam evenlap Aas Sven lapping \ 2) when the estems approach each othen 4eoo types & forces ane acting Pepulsive Frees erttractive for ces => shevt Range Jerces > Long ramye forces > Fepulsive Fovces Tnncvenses — attractive forces the Emengy of tht system deeveases uy Emersy Sy He “System, Aat nig Steg Alig #€a Altre force Repulsive force ie R NA segok Over lopping | a a Femetration sy atoMic orbitals amto each otheh 16 calted wverloppivg Rules joy overlapping '- © Greate the oveslepping Mee will be the Shem ot Chemical bend. @ snly atomic erbitale wih Lvpained clechens Com ete Um suelapping. @ As a Fesult of everloppmg the electron cleud ev ae Lill anomge itself im such q Way S Under the Infloemce 66 both +he Alucl ka Tyres of oven lapping ia © Axial evenlapping (o-) head on evenlep @® Pehaltel | Sidevoays Suerlopping ' - (7) anno rnnanann © Axial ovenlapping t- whem +00 ctomic evbtlels 5 Gv jap Led Hereit olen g they axies @ $-S evenlaping | - Ee!- He «c ger at) ee © ©— -& Ss Ss > This overlapping s Alew-divecttovek beoz sw Shape ss spherical. >) S-5 werleping always, Generate o- Bend. rTnnnnannnnnononn@ s-P s—p overlaping t- (HF, Ho, As, Hel } --€>) pr aekenta >> Go" is! oie fone — = jctast eps rit | @ Poe axial evolapring — (ci Falla aoe Sar eo oan Poerbitel © | Pasbital Note | shengest vg evmilerring Follows He Fellowivg Laci) nigh. eg, cule aie “(plows ou dine sere Contenbotel (2) Pose | sidewe overlapping ! - The Sverlopping srbitaks have +heis axis poraltel 4o each othe. (® P-P Side ways :- Porbitel Cremencte as well as — o €7¢ bend both, ! l = =< is > Alo e~ it Porbitel — P-enbotal (7 bend} ‘ric 2 een a ear) 2 § =@ g —— ert bend)ww an. 4.4.4.9.9. 9.9. 6.4.9. 4.008 formation of —bend)- CO e@ —= ces C@® Cos ceo = bend en. BSE nleate tts 2B AR: Me - ioe = 3b = Gs ge’ ffel hele | Sees fad a Pe Bend Jew yy , > Pip cuehlep (Sidewise) a bend athe ee O=Oe b-Benis Nitbozem Molecute\ > 3) Be \s2 23 oP frlalal a{a|t NEN (ie +27) —- nmnhtAaAAntiananAaAnpnnnnn hh naeCornpanis6n ob Sigma (=) amd \prue) bends 3 a Bend TW bend @ The bend us Jormmed by © The bend is Formed by the ewrlop of orbitals Sidsoise everlopivg ob along their axes [end to crehety (letesa) cuss lepiyy) ed ererap] it iclodes St twclodes p-p evenlepiv: Ss ts-h, $e-P sverlopping © s+ is a sheng bond © Iris a weak bend. @ © ceud iS Symmebical G@ €7 cloud us Unsyhametric abeut the line Joly Hu too Alucler. @ Gren lapivg Present On () evelapiy Preset en Niucleeus Axis Porpendicutas +o: Nvcleous Gxt s H4n belweem +o atews fivst bend also sigma bend ond othey oot 70 a e+?) ec c= ¢ emo. ee ic t ae BS ‘fi Ug a-+in) (ano Fach Ast Pessitsle)Strengths of) oo $77 bewd }- Se id = bend one Move strenger thon 7T bends (—>7¢ Follewing +00 Reasovs ache ches pensible !- © Extent of evenla pping t- [Shomgth of bend & Extent o- evenlappirg ] ay co OD ODO” OG — Glo Bama) goo f f — — &B Urbens) (Gand +) Cue “as erring. nnonn7r” | Axict > Sidways (Parattel)] ig ie @® Freagy /Repulsion + - eo. ¢ NO \ K K% — OOK decbital debital (dre -dr bend)ee) .=) am le Pe fe eR7F: Bend strength Bend Enengy «- |(-) < =) <) Bend evden tr No vty bend blw so atews | Bend shength ~< Bend corded Bend lemgth- | Bend- lemyt ~ 1 _ — ~ B-0- £19 (Oras) (Sher-ten bend ) HON OHONODHNANHRANDRANDRADADAD DM:HYBRIDIZATION !- 2 Tenbodueed by Patiling + Slaten. 2D His a hypothetical Concept - et b TJugaad ib CHy—> H— eH 4 co \st 2% 2p e—> fl i est eee H— ‘es —ys — Hyb- Act possible 25 ——3P —+ © but emouy difference More 1s" fl enoyy— ATA) as rl level — AU Al highul LH Chay HD) Cy Definition > Hybridisation Is the iwbeMicing Gy ~ otemic crbital having slight difference diy thely emengies [almost same energy] to produce New orbitals honing Similan emengy is Called Hybridisa HenRoles Fey Hybridisaen | - @ Ereyy ch otemic orbital should be alwost @ The orbital preduced after bybridicaten ove G hybrididorbitels omd ely this orbitels podtcipalé un hybridisation tot elechons ¢ fat] frit] — |efalih a 2s e e e @) No. of atomic embils = Alo: eb hybrid orbits, El- |S +P SD @New sp hybrid orbital a \s+2P 3 SNew spt hybrid orbital is +30 > 4 Alew sp® hybrid erbitet e ¢ ¢ ¢ e (@) orbitals of the Same atom Com vndengo a hybridisation: e crbitls of two different atom Gm alot slaw € hybridisahiows , ¢ @ The bybrilsed wrbitals fovmed ane idembeal 2 dm oth Respect [ shape, size, emengy] d © yb: atthe cemtral atom 6h 40 Moleate € e e € © > NH, Pels — SFe N ce s @ Hybridised exbitl voll) slevd axial evenlepping St means Hybrid cerbitls Fevwy only sighng (© The hyb- evbitaly arhomge themselves dy Such a way that the Lyenvae| Lepulsion b] them is Min™, Thevefr® Provid a Fegulos eomeby fo a Molecule 4msd8s85335 8:9) mo ee eee ge ee ss. Ss vs 5 V7 3 2 Pee Alo. ae | Wyre et Alo: of | shope eh | Bend Exavnple Cry Inwelved Hybridisqtien | Hybrid Molecules | ony | A: Jy beidiattate Bey a ees, ue | ate | ai SP —o 1G0° Becl. Bek, z (s4p) = (Lines) i “7 2 AS 3 bn z AY 120" Be, Belg (Trigena) Planes) Fria myuler plemer, a sP Jl . a (stP+P+P) 4 Bs \9 28" chy Ga (Tetrahednal) 4 dsp (ened (dae.y2) +542P) 4 + ie oe (Pte? 5 dsp? ov spd Ss Trijgemnl Bipyxamitel 120 PFs , pels Ones + BP + d (dz) Aga ge" sf 6 d’sp? ey spid? 6 octahedral ge se S+3P 42d (dozy2 tdez) Ee TZ AIO"ey yisation + © sp hybyi os (5 +P] a (CGhanweu 5 oo + SG sP sc = P ybeid Is 4 IP > Snes byboid eobitel — | Greemeby — linens c Bewd ony le — Bo _ arbend ‘ Ee Ga ethynle VPs Whe yy) : . H—c—c—H (eSC =< BSc #) ¢ T, os.c— Gt] fh A) eo) b 2st 2pe S Bay BE oe > sec att Ho-C SCH = _ =o aT Ae i ay <= s ZF a a CO Qe+2n) ° e— fh] (Gifs): a Rg ie! ashe e ¢ ® sp Hybridisation :- [ 5 + Pa + Fy] ¢ is \20" © O + 200 —3 3C? => s 2p (SP?) © ¥ e Geomety + Dryenal Plamen 4 B-Rygle > (20° a ee gett = aN cE hoe Say Qo paya X = Lewest Unocarpied Moleculas imbitel @€@€6@6@¢666666 6 & & 6&6 & & * hybsid cobital ose Move direcHenal Ham pwe whiff Has hybrid abit sloo been ervenlap S-S of Cembal adem 4 B= charge en Molecule (with sign) e ¢ Value ob x) bybvidisdtion ) Geemely § z SP Un eas ¢ c 3 se Tiyenal planet 4) sp? Tebahedial © ¢ 5 sPd Trigenal Bipyraré 6 spid* Octahedyal y ¥ sed? onal Birra (6p) i < El- eh > S=4 ,V=4 | B=0 d sted = = ca a = ferd-o] - 8-4 Sige Tebabeds G75 "S30 Vay /a=0 j =1foty-e)= 29 SP =e ‘S=3 V=}F G6=0 xe b[t3-0]= 5 SER) 2 SS ty, Say SeisNeS*. O=+! 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