The Silverman-Andersen Retraction Score (SAs) is used to assess severity of

respiratory distress in newborn and preterm infants without respiratory support. The score
comprises 4 inspiratory categories of movements (thoraco-abdominal, intercostal,
xiphoid, and chin movements) and one expiratory category (grunting).
 The Ballard Maturational Assessment, Ballard Score, or Ballard Scale is a
commonly used technique of gestational age assessment. It assigns a score to various
criteria, the sum of all of which is then extrapolated to the gestational age of the fetus.
These criteria are divided into physical and neurological criteria. This scoring allows for
the estimation of age in the range of 26 weeks-44 weeks. The New Ballard Score is an
extension of the above to include extremely pre-term babies i.e. up to 20 weeks.