STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The screw of a shaft straightener, as shown in Fig. P 12-5, exerts a load P=6,000

lb. The screw is 3 in. in outside diameter and has four square threads per inch.

(a.) Determine the force required at the rim of the 12-in.-diameter hand wheel,

assuming that the coefficients of the thread and collar friction are 0.125 and that the mean

diameter of the collar is 2½ in.

(b.) Determine the maximum compressive stress in the screw, the bearing

pressure on threads, and the shearing stress in threads.

(c.) Determine the efficiency of straightener.

(d.) Determine the size of the two bolts required to fasten the straightener to the

base, assuming the allowable stress is 8,000 psi. Neglect tightening-up stresses.

Page |1
 COMPLETE SKETCH OF THE ASSEMBLY

(NOT TO SCALE)

12’’

6”

6” 4”

14”

Page |2
 POWER SCREW FIGURE

Page |3
 Design Computation

Given:

W = P = 6,000 lb. 𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑚 = 12 in.

Do = 3 in 𝑓𝑐 = 0.125 (coefficient of friction on the collar)

Threads per inch = 4 f = 0.125 (coefficient of friction on the thread)

𝐷𝑚𝑐 = 2½ (mean diameter)

Where:

P= Axial pitch or the distance, measured axially, from a point on one thread to the

corresponding point on an adjacent thread.

(DOME 4th Edition. By Virgil Morin Faires). Page. 246.

𝐷𝑜 = outside diameter of screw/major diameter/nominal diameter, in.

𝐷𝑚 = mean diameter of screw/ pitch diameter, in.

𝐷𝑖 = root diameter of screw/minor diameter, in.

∝ = lead angle of threads

𝜃= friction angle

𝑇𝑅 =Torque to raise the load, lb.-in.

𝑇𝐿 = Torque to lower the load, lb.-in.

Required:

a. Force required at the rim

If: 𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑚 = 12 in.

𝑓𝑐 = 0.125 (coefficient of friction on the collar)

Page |4
 f = 0.125 (coefficient of friction on the thread)

𝐷𝑚𝑐 = 2½ (mean diameter)

b. Compressive Stress in screw, 𝜎𝑐

Bearing Stress/Pressure, 𝜎𝑏

Shearing Stress, τ

c. Efficiency of the Straightener, ℮

d. Size of the two bolts required to fasten the straightener.

Assuming the allowable stress is 8,000 psi.

Neglecting the tightening-up stress.

(A.) Force and Torque required at the rim

Solving for Mean Diameter, 𝑫𝒎

From: Machine Design Manual of Engr. John Ike Uvas ;( p.65)

𝑃
𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷𝑜 − Where: P = pitch
2

L (lead) = P for single threading

Solving for Pitch:

1
P = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ Pitch

1
P=4

P = 0.25

Page |5
Solving for Mean Diameter, 𝑫𝒎
𝑃
𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷𝑜 − 2

0.25 𝑖𝑛.
𝐷𝑚 = 3 𝑖𝑛. − Di
2

𝐷𝑚 = 2.875 𝑖𝑛. Dm
𝑃
Solving for Root Diameter Do 2

Or Inside Diameter, 𝑫𝒊 Pitch

𝑃
𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷𝑖 + 2

𝑃
𝐷𝑖 = 𝐷𝑚 − 2

0.25 𝑖𝑛.
𝐷𝑖 = 2.875 𝑖𝑛. − 2

𝐷𝑖 = 2.75 𝑖𝑛.

Solving for Friction Angle on the thread, θ

Tan θ = f

θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑓

θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0.125)

θ = 7.125°

Solving for Lead Angle on thread, α

𝐿
Tanα = 𝜋𝐷
𝑚

𝐿
α = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝜋𝐷
𝑚

0.25 𝑖𝑛.
α = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝜋(2.875 𝑖𝑛.)

α = 1.5855°

Page |6
Where: θ > α = self-locking screw

From: Machine Design Manual of Engr. John Ike Uvas ;( p.65)

𝑄𝑟 = 𝑊𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼 + 𝜃)

𝑄𝑟 = 6,000 𝑙𝑏 [𝑡𝑎𝑛( 1.5855 + 7.1250)]

𝑄𝑟 = 919.25 𝑙𝑏.

From: Machine Design Manual of Engr. John Ike Uvas ;( p.65, 66, 67)

Solving for Torque: T

𝑄𝑟 𝐷𝑚
𝑇= 2

𝐷𝑚
𝑇= .𝑄
2

(919.25 𝑙𝑏.)(2.875 𝑙𝑏.)

𝑇= 2

𝑇 = 1321.4219 𝑙𝑏. −𝑖𝑛.

Force required at the rim, F

𝑇 = 𝐹. 𝑟

𝑇
𝐹=
𝑟

Where:

𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑚 = 12 𝑖𝑛

𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑚
𝑟=
2
r= 6 in
Drim= 12 in
Page |7
 12 𝑖𝑛
𝑟= 2

𝑟 = 6 𝑖𝑛

Therefore;

𝑇
𝐹=
𝑟

1321.4219 𝑙𝑏. −𝑖𝑛

𝐹=
6 𝑖𝑛

𝐹 = 220.2369 𝑙𝑏

Torque to Lower the Load, 𝑻𝑳

𝐷𝑚
𝑇𝐿 = 𝑊 tan(𝜃 − 𝛼)
2

2.875 𝑖𝑛.
𝑇𝐿 = 6,000 𝑙𝑏. ( )tan(7.125 − 1.5855)
2

𝑇𝐿 = 836.4947 lb.-in.

Torque needed to raise the Load P, 𝑻𝒓

𝐷𝑚
𝑇𝑅 = 𝑊 tan(𝛼 + 𝜃)
2

2.875 𝑖𝑛.
𝑇𝑅 = 6,000 𝑙𝑏. ( )tan(1.5855 + 7.125)
2

𝑇𝑅 = 1321.428133 𝑙𝑏. −𝑖𝑛.

Torque without Friction, 𝑻𝒐

𝐷𝑚
𝑇𝑜 = 𝑊 tanα
2

Page |8
 2.875 𝑖𝑛.
𝑇𝑜 = 6,000 𝑙𝑏. ( ) tan(1.5855)
2

𝑇𝑜 = 238.7336 𝑙𝑏. −𝑖𝑛.

Total Torque to Raise the Load, 𝑻𝑻𝑹 (with collar friction)

𝐷𝑚
𝑇𝑇𝑅 = 𝑊 tan(𝛼 + 𝜃) + 𝑊𝑓𝑐 𝑟𝑐
2

𝐷𝑚𝑐
Where: 𝑟𝑐 =
2

2.875 𝑖𝑛. 1
𝑇𝑇𝑅 = 6,000 𝑙𝑏. ( ) tan(1.5855 + 7.125) + 6,000𝑙𝑏. (0.125)(2)
2

𝑇𝑇𝑅 = 1696.4281 𝑙𝑏. −𝑖𝑛.

Total Torque to lower the load, 𝑻𝑻𝑳 (with collar)

𝐷𝑚
𝑇𝑇𝐿 = 𝑊 tan(𝜃 − 𝛼) + 𝑊𝑓𝑐 𝑟𝑐
2

2.875 𝑖𝑛. 1
𝑇𝑇𝐿 = 6,000 𝑙𝑏. ( ) tan(7.125 − 1.5855) + 6,000𝑙𝑏. (0.125)(2)
2

𝑇𝑇𝐿 = 1211.4947 𝑙𝑏. −𝑖𝑛.

(B.) Compressive Stress in screw,𝛔𝐜

Bearing Stress/Pressure, 𝛔𝐛

Shearing Stress, τ

Solving for Compressive Stress, 𝛔𝐜

From: Machine Design Manual of Engr. John Ike Uvas

𝑃
σc = 𝐴

Page |9
Where:

𝜋𝐷𝑖 2
A= 4

𝜋(2.75)2
A= 4

A= 5.9395 𝑖𝑛2

Therefore:

𝑃
σc = 𝜋𝐷𝑖 2
4

6,000 𝑙𝑏.
σc = 𝜋(2.75)2
4

σc = 1010.1735 psi.

Solving for Bearing Stress, 𝝈𝒃

From p.259, Machine Design by Black and Adams

4𝑄
𝜎𝑏 = 𝑛𝜋(𝐷𝑜 2 − 𝐷𝑖 2 )

Where:

Q = applied force

𝐷𝑜 = Outside or major diameter

n = no. of threads in engagement

n = 6 in. x 4 threads per inch

n = 24

Page |10
 𝐷𝑖 = Root or minor diameter

Therefore:

4(6,000 𝑙𝑏.)
𝜎𝑏 = (24)𝜋(32 − 2.752 )

𝜎𝑏 = 221.43 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Solving for Shearing Stress, 𝝉

From p.259, Machine Design by Black and Adams

𝑄 𝑄
𝜏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 = , 𝜏𝑛𝑢𝑡 =
𝑛𝜋𝐷𝑖 𝑡 𝑛𝜋𝐷𝑜 𝑡

Where:

Q = applied force 𝐷𝑜 = outside or major diameter

n = no. of threads in engagement 𝐷𝑖 = root or minor diameter

𝑃
n = 6 in. x 4 threads per inch t = width of thread, 2

0.25
n = 24 t= = 0.125
2

Therefore:

6,000 𝑙𝑏. 6,000 𝑙𝑏.

𝜏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 = , 𝜏𝑛𝑢𝑡 =
(24)𝜋(2.75)(0.125) (24)𝜋(3)(0.125)

𝜏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 = 231.498 𝑝𝑠𝑖 , 𝜏𝑛𝑢𝑡 = 212.21 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Page |11
(C.)Efficiency of the Straightener,℮

(Shaft straightening machines an automatic straightening line to straighten rotary

parts, such as shafts, connecting rods, and other rotary parts.)

From: Machine Design of Engr. John Ike Uvas (p.67)

𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Efficiency = 𝑥 100%
𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Let: 𝑇𝑜 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐷𝑚
𝑇𝑜 = 𝑊 tanα
2

𝑇𝑅 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐷𝑚
𝑇𝑅 = 𝑊 tan(𝛼 + 𝜃)
2

Therefore:

238.7336 𝑙𝑏.−𝑖𝑛.
Efficiency = 1321.4281 𝑙𝑏.−𝑖𝑛. 𝑥 100%

Efficiency = 18.1%

Page |12
Determining the Length of the Screw, L

Since there is no type of material is given. We select a material with the yield

strength and ultimate strength that suits to the application of the power screw.

Selected Material: AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel

We use this materials because its black as rolled, black as forged or

normalised and bright drawn or smooth turned, offering good strength, toughness

and wear resistance .Will through harden in sections up to 63mm – with a tensile

strength of 620 – 850 MPa.

Description of materials:

CF 1045 is a medium carbon steel is used when greater strength and hardness is

desired than in the “as rolled” condition. Extreme size accuracy, straightness and

concentricity combine to minimize wear in high speed applications. Turned, ground and

polished.

Introduction

AISI 1045 steel is a medium tensile steel supplied in the black hot rolled or

normalized condition. It has a tensile strength of 570 - 700 MPa and Brinell hardness

ranging between 170 and 210.AISI 1045 steel is characterized by good weld ability, good

machinability, and high strength and impact properties in either the normalized or hot

rolled condition. AISI 1045 steel has a low through-hardening capability with only

Page |13
sections of size around 60 mm being recommended as suitable for tempering and

through-hardening. However, it can be efficiently flame or induction hardened in the

normalized or hot rolled condition to obtain surface hardness’s in the range of Rc 54 - Rc

60 based on factors such as section size, type of set up, quenching medium used etc.

Chemical Composition

AISI 1045 steel lacks suitable alloying elements and hence does not respond to the nit

riding process.

Element Content (%)

Iron, Fe 98.51 - 98.98 %

Manganese, Mn 0.60 - 0.90 %

Carbon, C 0.420 - 0.50 %

Sulfur, S ≤ 0.050 %

Phosphorous, P ≤ 0.040 %

Physical Properties

Properties Metric Imperial

Density 7.87 g/cc 0.284 lb/in³

Mechanical Properties

Tensile strength 565 MPa 81900 psi

Page |14
 Yield strength 310 MPa 45000 psi

Shear modulus (typical for steel) 80 GPa 11600 ksi

Bulk modulus (typical for steel) 140 GPa 20300 ksi

Elastic modulus 200 GPa 29000 ksi

Poisson’s ratio 0.290 0.290

Elongation at break (in 50 mm) 16.0 % 16.0 %

Reduction of area 40.0 % 40.0 %

Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness) 84 84

Hardness, Brinell 163 163

Hardness, Knop (converted from Brinell hardness) 184 184

Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness) 170 170

Machining

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Stainless Steels - Specifications, Grades and Properties, Supplier Data by Aalco

AISI 1045 steel has good machinability in normalized as well as the hot rolled condition.

Based on the recommendations given by the machine manufacturers, operations like

Page |15
tapping, milling, broaching, drilling, turning and sawing etc. can be carried out on AISI

1045 steel using suitable feeds, tool type and speeds.

Welding

Certain facts about welding of AISI 1045 steel are:

AISI 1045 steel is readily welded when correct procedure is followed.

Welding AISI 1045 steel in through-hardened, tempered and flame or induction hardened

condition is not recommended.

Low hydrogen electrodes are preferred for welding AISI 1045 steel. The work piece is

pre-heated at 200°C–300°C (392°F - 572°F) maintained at the same temperature during

welding cooled slowly using sand, ashes etc. and stress relieved at 550°C - 660°C

(1022°F - 1220°F).

Heat Treatment

AISI 1045 is subjected to the following processes:

Forging

Heat to 850°C - 1250°C (1562°F - 2282°F).Hold until the temperature is uniform. Cool in

furnace

Annealing

Heat to 800°C - 850°C (1472°F - 1562°F). Hold until the temperature is uniform. Cool in

furnace.

Normalizing

Page |16
Heat to 870°C - 920°C (1598°F-1688°F). Hold until the temperature is uniform. Soak for

10 - 15 minutes .Cool in still air

Stress Relieving

Heat to 550°C - 660°C (1022°F - 1220°F). Hold until the temperature is uniform. Soak

for 1 hour per 25mm of section. Cool in still air

Hardening

Heat to 820°C - 850°C (1508°F - 1562°F). Hold until the temperature is uniform. Soak

for 10 - 15 minutes per 25mm of section. Quench in water or brine

Tempering

Re-heat to 400°C - 650°C (752°F - 1202°F) as required. Hold until the temperature is

uniform. Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section. Cool in still air

Applications

AISI 1045 is widely used for all industrial applications requiring more wear resistance

and strength. Typical applications of AISI 1045 are as follows:

Gears Pins Rams Studs Crankshafts Guide rods

Shafts Rolls Sockets Connecting rods Torsion bars Hydraulic

clamps
Axles Spindles Worms

Bolts Ratchets Light gears

From: Machine Design Manual of Engr. John Ike Uvas (p.47)

Page |17
Assume that the column is short.

Using J.B. Johnson Equation.

𝐾𝐿𝑒 2
𝑆𝑦 ( )
𝑟
𝑃𝒄𝒓 = 𝐴 𝑆𝑦 [1 − 2 ]
4𝜋 𝐸

𝐾𝐿𝑒 2
𝑃𝒄𝒓 𝑆𝑦 ( )
𝑟
=1− 2
𝐴𝑆𝑦 4𝜋 𝐸

𝐾
𝑆𝑦 ( )2 𝐿𝑒 2 𝑃𝒄𝒓
𝑟
=1−
4𝜋 2 𝐸 𝐴𝑆𝑦

Therefore:

𝑃𝒄𝒓 4𝜋 2 𝐸
𝐿𝑒 2 = (1 − )( 𝐾 2
)
𝐴𝑆𝑦 𝑆𝑦 ( )
𝑟

Solving for Critical Load,𝑷𝒄𝒓

𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 𝑃 𝑥 𝑁

Where:

P = load applied N = factor safety

P = 6,000 lb. N = 3 (for short column)

Therefore:

𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 6,000 𝑙𝑏. 𝑥 3

𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 18,000 𝑙𝑏

P a g e | 18
For End Fixity Factor, K

Use K = 2.1 (for fixed free)

Solving for the Area of the power screw, A

𝜋𝐷𝑟 2
𝐴= 4

𝜋(2.75 𝑖𝑛.)2
𝐴= 4

𝐴 = 5.9396 𝑖𝑛.2

Solving for r,
𝐷𝑟
𝑟= 4

2.75 𝑖𝑛.
𝑟= 4

𝑟 = 0.6875 𝑖𝑛.

P a g e | 19
Substituting values to J.B. Johnson Equation.

18,000 𝑙𝑏. 4𝜋 2 (29,000,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖)

𝐿𝑒 2 = (1 − )( 2.1 2 )
(5.9396 𝑖𝑛.)(45,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖.) (45,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖)( )
0.6875 𝑖𝑛.

𝐿𝑒 2 = 2,543.1574 𝑖𝑛.2

√𝐿𝑒 2 = √2,543.1574 𝑖𝑛.2

𝐿𝑒 = 50.4297 𝑖𝑛.

Solving for Actual Length, L

𝐿𝑒 = 𝐾 𝑥 𝐿
𝐿𝑒
𝐿= 𝐾

Where:

𝐿𝑒 = effective length of the column

L = actual length

K = end fixity =2.1

Therefore:

50.4297 𝑖𝑛.
𝐿= 2.1

𝐿 = 24.0141 𝑖𝑛.

Checking if the assumption is correct by considering,

𝐾𝐿
[ ]𝐴 < 𝐶𝑐
𝑟

Where:
𝐾𝐿
] = actual slenderness ratio
𝑟 𝐴

𝐶𝑐 = transition slenderness ratio

P a g e | 20
Solving for Actual Slenderness Ratio,

From: Machine Design Manual of Engr. John Ike Uvas (p.46)

𝐾𝐿 (2.1)(24.0141 𝑖𝑛.)
] =
𝑟 𝐴 1.375 𝑖𝑛.

𝐾𝐿
] = 36.67608
𝑟 𝐴

Solving for Transitional Slenderness Ratio,

From: Machine Design Manual of Engr. John Ike Uvas (p.46)

2𝜋 2 𝐸
𝐶𝑐 = √ 𝑆𝑦

2𝜋 2 (29 𝑥 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖.)

𝐶𝑐 = √ 45,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖.

𝐶𝑐 = 112.78

Since:
𝐾𝐿
[ ]𝐴 < 𝐶𝑐
𝑟

Therefore:

-The column is short.

-J.B. Johnson predict the critical length of the screw.

(D.) Size of the two bolts required to fasten the straightener. The allowable stress is

8,000 psi. Neglecting the tightening-up stress.

(The purpose of the two bolt is to fasten the screw of the shaft straightener so that

when it starts on working it won’t lose tight when the pressure is applied on the

shaft)

Given:

P = 6,000 lb.

σ = 8,000 psi.

P a g e | 21
Since two bolts is required:

FBD (two bolts)

Therefore: 𝑃1 = 3,000 𝑙𝑏. 𝑃2 = 3,000 𝑙𝑏.

From: Machine Design Manual of Engr. John Ike Uvas

Stress formula:
𝑃 𝑃
𝜎1 = 𝐴1 , 𝜎2 = 𝐴2
1 2

Where:

𝜋𝐷𝑟 2 𝜋𝐷𝑟 2
𝐴1 = , 𝐴2 =
4 4

Therefore:
𝑃 𝑃
𝜎1 = 𝜋𝐷𝑟 2
, 𝜎2 = 𝜋𝐷𝑟 2
4 4

𝜋𝐷𝑟 2 𝑃 𝜋𝐷𝑟 2 𝑃
4
= 𝜎
, 4
= 𝜎

4𝑃 4𝑃
𝐷𝑟 2 = , 𝐷𝑟 2 =
𝜋𝜎 𝜋𝜎

4𝑃 4𝑃
𝐷𝑟1 = √𝜋𝜎 , 𝐷𝑟2 = √𝜋𝜎

4(3,000 𝑙𝑏.) 4(3,000 𝑙𝑏.)

𝐷𝑟1 = √𝜋(8,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖.) , 𝐷𝑟2 = √𝜋(8,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖.)

𝐷𝑟1 = 0.691 𝑖𝑛. , 𝐷𝑟2 = 0.691 𝑖𝑛

P a g e | 22
Using a bolt to fasten the straightener. (Coarse Thread)

Solving for Root Area, 𝑨𝒓

𝜋𝐷𝑟 2 𝜋𝐷𝑟 2
𝐴𝑟1 = , 𝐴𝑟2 =
4 4

𝜋(0.691 𝑖𝑛.)2 𝜋(0.691 𝑖𝑛.)2

𝐴𝑟1 = , 𝐴𝑟2 =
4 4

𝐴𝑟1 = 0.3750 𝑖𝑛.2 , 𝐴𝑟2 = 0.3750 𝑖𝑛.2

Choosing the Root Area, 𝑨𝒓

From Table 9-1. From Machine Design by Black and Adams (p.185)

Table 9-1 Unified and American Screw-Thread Sizes

Coarse Threads Fine Threads

Size Threads per Root area, Threads per Root area,

inch. 𝒊𝒏.𝟐 inch. 𝒊𝒏.𝟐

𝟕 9 0.4193 14 0.4805
𝟖

1 8 0.5510 12 0.6245

𝟏 7 0.6931 12 0.8118
1𝟖

𝟏 7 0.8898 12 1.0237
1𝟒

𝟑 6 1.0541 12 1.2602
1𝟖

𝟏 6 1.2938 12 1.5212
1𝟐

𝟑 5 1.7441
1𝟒

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 𝑨𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒊𝒏.𝟐 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟑 𝒊𝒏.𝟐

Therefore by Table 9-1,

7
Size of the bolt = 8

Threads per inch = 9 (single threading)

l = p (for single threading)

Solving for pitch and lead of Bolt,

1 1
𝑝1 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ , 𝑝2 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ

1 1
𝑝1 = 9 , 𝑝2 = 9

𝑝1 = 0.1111 in , 𝑝2 = 0.1111 in

Therefore:

𝑙 1 = 0.1111in. , 𝑙 2 = 0.1111in.

Solving for Mean Diameter of the Bolt, 𝑫𝒎

𝒑 𝒑
𝐷𝑚1 = 𝐷𝑟 + , 𝐷𝑚2 = 𝐷𝑟 +
𝟐 𝟐

0.1111 𝑖𝑛. 0.1111 𝑖𝑛.

𝐷𝑚1 = 0.0.691 𝑖𝑛. + , 𝐷𝑚2 = 0.0.691 𝑖𝑛. +
2 2

𝐷𝑚1 = 0.74655 𝑖𝑛. , 𝐷𝑚2 = 0.74655 𝑖𝑛.

Solving for Outside Diameter of Bolt, 𝑫𝒐

𝒑 𝒑
𝐷𝑜1 = 𝐷𝑚 + , 𝐷𝑜2 = 𝐷𝑚 +
𝟐 𝟐

0.1111 𝑖𝑛. 0.1111 𝑖𝑛.

𝐷𝑜1 = 0.74655 𝑖𝑛. + , 𝐷𝑜2 = 0.74655 𝑖𝑛. +
2 2

𝐷𝑜1 = 0.8021 𝑖𝑛. , 𝐷𝑜2 = 0.8021 𝑖𝑛.

Solving for the length of Bolt, L

1 1
𝐿1 = 𝐷𝑜 + 2
, 𝐿2 = 𝐷𝑜 + 2

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 1 1
𝐿1 = (0.8021 𝑖𝑛. ) + , 𝐿2 = (0.8021 𝑖𝑛. ) +
2 2

𝐿1 = 1.3021in. , 𝐿2 = 1.3021in.2

P a g e | 25
 Specification of the Design

Material Used: AISI 1045 steel, wrought steel

𝑇ℎ.
Thread per Inch, Th. in. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 𝑖𝑛.

Pitch, P ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.25 in.

Outside Diameter, 𝐷𝑜 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 in.

Mean Diameter, 𝐷𝑚 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.875 in.

Root Diameter, 𝐷𝑟 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.75 in.

Coefficient of Friction on the Collar, 𝑓𝑐 ---------------------------------------------------- 0.125

Coefficient of Friction on the Thread, f ---------------------------------------------------- 0.125

Mean Diameter of the Collar, 𝐷𝑚𝑐 --------------------------------------------------------- 2 ½ in.

Average Angle of Friction, θ --------------------------------------------------------------- 7.125°

Lead Angle, α ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.5855°

Forced required at the Rim, F ---------------------------------------------------------- 220.24 lb.

Torque, T --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1321.43 lb. - in.

Torque to lower the Load, 𝑇𝑙 --------------------------------------------------- 836.4947 lb. - in.

Torque needed to raise the Load, 𝑇𝑟 ---------------------------------------- 1321.42813 lb. - in.

Torque without Friction, 𝑇𝑜 ---------------------------------------------------- 238.7336 lb. - in.

Torque to raise the Load, 𝑇𝑇𝑅 (with collar) ---------------------------------- 1696.4281 lb. - in.

Torque to lower the Load, 𝑇𝑇𝐿 (with collar) -------------------------------- 1211.4947 lb. - in.

Compressive Stress in screw, 𝜎𝑐 --------------------------------------------------- 1010.174 psi.

Bearing Stress/Pressure, 𝜎𝑏 ------------------------------------------------------------ 221.43 psi.

P a g e | 26
Shearing Stress, 𝜏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 231.498 psi.

Shearing Stress, 𝜏𝑛𝑢𝑡 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 212.21 psi.

Efficiency of the Straightener, ℮ ----------------------------------------------------------- 18.1%

7
Size of the Bolt ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Column ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ short

Critical Load, 𝑃𝑐𝑟 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18,000 lb.

Factor of Safety, N ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Radius of Gyration, r ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.375 in.

End Fixity Factor, K ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.10

Actual Length, L ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24.0141 in.

𝐾𝐿
Actual Slenderness Ratio, ----------------------------------------------------------------- 90.65
𝑟

Transition Slenderness Ratio, 𝐶𝑐 ----------------------------------------------------------- 112.78

P a g e | 27
 BILL OF MATERIAL

FROM WILLIAM HARDWARE & ROBINSONS BUILDING

DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT

AISI 1045

(normalized)

3 in. Ø x 24.0141 1 Php. 494.25/ft Php. 988.5

in.

Power Screw

12 in. Ø 1 Php. 305 Php. 305

Handle

MACHINE OPERATION COST AND LABOR COST

DESCRIPTION QUANTITY MACHINE AMOUNT

OPERATION AND

LABOR

AISI 1045

(normalized) 1pc. Php. 134/inch Php. 268

3inØ x 24.0141 in.

Power Screw

P a g e | 28
BOLT PRICE

QUANTITY DESCRIPTION UNIT PRICE AMOUNT

2 1 in. x 2.7 in. Php. 255 Php. 510

Bolt and Nut

PRICE

MATERIAL COST: Php. 988.5

Hand wheel Handle Php. 305

BOLT PRICE: Php. 510

MACHINE AND LABOR COST: Php. 268

OVERALL TOTAL COST FOR POWER SCREW: Php 2,071.5

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Black, Paul H & Adams, O. Eugene Jr. “Machine Design,” 3rd Edition, Tokyo:

McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. 1968

Faires, Virgil Moring. “Design of Machine Elements,” 4th Edition, New York:

Macmillan Co, 1969

Uvas, John Ike A. “Instructional Manual in Machine Design I”

Retrieved, August 09, 2018 https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6129

Retrieved, August 10, 2018 www.Engineering.com

Retrieved, August 10, 2018 www.steel-grades.com › Steel Grade › Carbon Steel

Retrieved, August 10, 2018 www.matweb.com/search/datasheettext.aspx?matguid..

Retrieved, August 10, 2018 www.efunda.com/materials/..../show_carbon.cfm

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