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EXPERIMENT 2

Title:
Objective:
Experimental:
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Results:
A) Hydrocarbons
i) Ignition Test
Compound Color of the flame Soot Etc.

Heptane

Cyclohexane

Toluene

ii) Solubility test

Compound H2O Heptane Cyclohexene Toluene

Heptane

Cyclohexane

Toluene

iii) Bromine Test

Compound Dark Sunlight

Heptane

Cyclohexane

Toluene
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iv) Potassium Permanganate Test

Compound Observations

Heptane

Cyclohexane

Toluene

iv) Concentrated Sulphuric Acid Test (Sulphonation)

Compound Observations

Heptane

Cyclohexane

Toluene

B) Alcohols & Phenols

i) Ignition Test
Compound Color of the flame Soot Etc.

Ethanol

2-butanol

t-butanol

Phenol
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ii) Solubility test

Compound H2O Ether Toluene

Ethanol

2-butanol

t-butanol

Phenol

iii) Reaction with Sodium

Compound Observations

Ethanol

2-butanol

t-butanol

iv) Oxidation Reaction

Compound Observations

Ethanol

2-butanol

t-butanol
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v) Lucas Test
Compound Observations

Ethanol

2-butanol

t-butanol

vi) Esterification Test

Compound Smell Etc.

Ethanol

2-butanol

t-butanol

Phenol

vii) Iron(III) chloride Test

Compound Solubility Heating Filter

Phenol

m-cresol

Catechol
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viii) Bromine Water

Compound Observations

Phenol

m-cresol

Catechol

C) Carbonyl Compounds
i) Brady Test
Compound Observations

Propanal

Benzaldehyde

Propanone

Acetophenone

ii) Sodium Bisulphite Solution Test

Compound Observations

Propanal

Benzaldehyde

Propanone

Acetophenone
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iii) Tollen’s Test

Compound Observations

Propanal

Benzaldehyde

Propanone

Acetophenone

iv) Fehling’s Test

Compound Color of solution Etc.

Propanal

Benzaldehyde

Propanone

Acetophenone

v) Schiff’s Test
Compound Color of solution Etc.

Propanal

Benzaldehyde
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Propanone

Acetophenone

vi) Benzaldehyde Oxidation

Color of solution Etc.

vii) Iodoform Test

Compound Color of product Melting Point (°C) Etc.

Propanone

Ethanol

Acetophenone

D) Carboxylic Acids, Amides & Esters

i) Reaction of Carboxylic Acid with Sodium Bicarbonate Solution
Compound Observations

Ethanoic acid

Benzoic acid

ii) Esterification of Carboxylic Acid

Compound Smell Etc.

Ethanoic acid
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Benzoic acid

iii) Sodium Hydroxide Hydrolysis of Amides

Compound Smell Solubility in NaOH Etc.

Ethanamide

Benzamide

iv) Acid Hydrolysis of Amides

Compound Smell Etc.

Ethanamide

Benzamide

v) Test for Ester

Compound Observations

Ethyl acetate

Methyl benzoate

E) Amines
i) Hinsberg Test
Compound Observations
In acid In base

Propylamine
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Diethylamine

Triethylamine

Aniline

N-methylaniline

N,N-dimethylaniline

ii) Nitrous Acid Test

Compound Color Presence of Nitrous acid Etc.

Propylamine

Diethylamine

Triethylamine

Aniline

N-methylaniline

N,N-
dimethylaniline
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Discussion:
Reaction mechanism:
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Suggestion for improvement:

Precaution step:

Conclusion:
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References:
e.g. John J. E., John R. M., Lu, A., McNulty, Paul M. & Anne M. W. (2009). A Simple S N2 Reaction for the
Undergraduate Organic Laboratory. J. Chem. Educ., 86 (7), p 850.

Post-lab Answers: