𝔛ℑ𝔗𝔖 𝔐𝔞𝔱𝔥

𝑛 𝑚−1 −1
𝜋(𝑛) = ∑ (𝑚 / 𝑘)/⌈𝑚 / 𝑘⌉⌋
⌊ (∑⌊ ) ⌋
𝑚=2 𝑘=1

𝑛
𝜙(𝑘)
𝜋(𝑛) = ∑
⌊𝑘 − 1⌋
𝑘=2

1 3
1+(
1 − 𝑥2 )

3
⎛ ⎞
⎜ 1 ⎟
1+⎜ ⎟
𝑥2
⎜ 𝑦3 ⎟
⎝ 1 − 𝑧4 ⎠

𝑎+1 𝑐+1
𝑏 / 𝑑

𝜕2 𝜕2 | 2
+ 𝜙(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)||
( 𝜕𝑥2 𝜕𝑦2 )|

∑ 𝑃 (𝑖,𝑗)
0≤𝑖≤𝑚
0<𝑗<𝑛

3 3
9𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥3 + 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 𝐶 ] = 102
∫0 0

𝑒𝑥+𝑖𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥 (cos 𝑦 + 𝑖 sin 𝑦)

−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

1
𝑥, if 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑓 (𝑥) = 1
{ 1 − 𝑥, if 2
≤𝑥≤1
 √ √
√ √ √
√ √ √
√ √ √
1 + 1 + 1 + √1 + √1 + √1 + √1 + 𝑥
⎷ ⎷ ⎷

𝐒−1 𝐓𝐒 = 𝐝𝐠(𝜔1 , …, 𝜔𝑛 ) = 𝚲

Pr( 𝑚 = 𝑛 | 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 3 )

1
sin 18∘ = (√5 − 1)
4

𝑘 = 1.38 × 10−16 erg /∘ K

¯ * ⊆ ⋯ ⊆ 𝑁𝐿* / 𝑁 = 𝐿
Φ̄ ⊂ 𝑁𝐿*1 / 𝑁 = 𝐿 ¯*
1 𝑛 𝑛

𝐼(𝜆) = ∬𝐷 𝑔(𝑥,𝑦)𝑒𝑖𝜆ℎ(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

∫01 ⋯ ∫01 𝑓 (𝑥1 , …, 𝑥𝑛 ) 𝑑𝑥1 …𝑑𝑥𝑛

⎧ 𝑄(𝑋𝑚2 − 𝑃2 𝑊𝑚2 ) − 2𝑆 2 (𝑚 odd)

⎪
𝑥2𝑚 ≡⎨ (mod 𝑁)
⎪ 2 2 2
⎩ 𝑃2 (𝑋𝑚 − 𝑃2 𝑊𝑚 ) − 2𝑆
2
(𝑚 even)

1
(1 + 𝑥1 𝑧 + 𝑥21 𝑧2 + ⋯ )…(1 + 𝑥𝑛 𝑧 + 𝑥2𝑛 𝑧2 + ⋯ ) =
(1 − 𝑥1 𝑧)…(1 − 𝑥𝑛 𝑧)

𝑎𝑗𝑘 𝑧𝑘 = ∑ 𝑧𝑛 𝑎0𝑘0 𝑎1𝑘1 …

∏(∑ ) ( ∑ )
𝑗≥0 𝑘≥0 𝑛≥0 𝑘0 ,𝑘1 ,…≥0
𝑘0 +𝑘1 +⋯=𝑛

∞
𝑛 𝑛
∑ 𝑎𝑛 𝑧 converges if |𝑧| < lim sup √|𝑎 − 𝑛|
( 𝑛→∞ )
𝑛=0

𝑓 (𝑥 + Δ𝑥) − 𝑓 (𝑥)
→ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) as Δ𝑥 → 0
Δ𝑥

‖𝑢𝑖 ‖ = 1, 𝑢𝑖 ⋅ 𝑢𝑗 = 0 if 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗

1
= 𝑧𝑛 (1 − 𝑞 𝑘 ). (16′ )
∏ (1 − 𝑞 𝑘 𝑧) ∑ / ∏
𝑘≥0 𝑛≥0 1≤𝑘≤𝑛
 𝑇 (𝑛) ≤ 𝑇 (2⌈lg 𝑛⌉ ) ≤ 𝑐(3⌈lg 𝑛⌉ − 2⌈lg 𝑛⌉ )
< 3𝑐 ⋅ 3lg 𝑛
= 3𝑐𝑛lg 𝑛

𝑃 (𝑥) = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑥2 ,
(30)
𝑃 (−𝑥) = 𝑎0 − 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥2 − ⋯ + (−1)𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑥2 .

(9) gcd(𝑢, 𝑣) = gcd(𝑣, 𝑢);

(10) gcd(𝑢, 𝑣) = gcd(−𝑢, 𝑣).

∞ 2 ∞ ∞
−𝑥2 2 +𝑦2 )
𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒−(𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
(∫−∞ ) ∫−∞ ∫−∞
2𝜋 ∞ 2
= 𝑒−𝑟 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
∫0 ∫0
2𝜋
𝑒−𝑟
2 |𝑟=∞
= − | 𝑑𝜃
∫0 ( 2 ||
𝑟=0
)

= 𝜋. (11)